Geography Paper II (Important 2026)
General Instructions: (1) All questions are compulsory. (2) Use of stencil is allowed for drawing maps. (3) Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary.
Q.1. Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences (4 Marks)
(1) In the swampy areas of Pantanal __________ are found.
(2) India and Brazil have __________ type of government.
(3) The most common method of transportation in Brazil is __________.
(4) Islands in the Andaman group are mainly __________.
Q.2. Find the odd man out (4 Marks)
(1) Coastal states in Brazil:
Reason: Acre is a landlocked state in the interior Amazon region, while the others are coastal states bordering the Atlantic Ocean.
(2) Region with very high rainfall in India:
Reason: Western Rajasthan receives very scanty rainfall (desert region), whereas the others are high rainfall zones.
(3) Tributary of river Amazon:
Reason: Parana is a major independent river system flowing south, while the others are tributaries of the Amazon.
(4) Animals found in the Peninsular region of India:
Reason: Yaks are found in the high altitude snow-capped regions of the Himalayas, not in the Peninsular region.
Q.3. State whether the following sentences are Right or Wrong (Any Four) (4 Marks)
(1) The proportion of youth in India's population is high.
Answer: Right
(2) India and Brazil have the same seasons at the same time.
Answer: Wrong (They are in opposite hemispheres, so seasons are opposite).
(3) Manaus is a port on the confluence of Negro and the Amazon.
Answer: Right
(4) Brazil is the only country in the world where both tigers and lions are found.
Answer: Wrong (This statement is true for India, not Brazil).
(5) The Himalayas block the very cold winds blowing from the north.
Answer: Right
Q.4. (A) Mark the following in the outline map of Brazil and give index (Any Four) (4 Marks)
[Image of Brazil Outline Map]
Note: Students should mark these locations on the official map provided in the exam hall.
Q.4. (B) Observe the map of India and answer the following questions (Any Four) (4 Marks)
Refer to the map titled "INDIA Location and Extent" provided below.
(1) Name the neighbouring country located to the South of India.
Answer: Sri Lanka.
(2) What is the North-South distance of India?
Answer: 3,200 km.
(3) Name the Southernmost tip of India.
Answer: Indira Point.
(4) Which latitude passes through the middle of India?
Answer: Tropic of Cancer ($23^\circ 30' \text{N}$).
(5) What is the longitude of Indian standard time?
Answer: $82^\circ 30' \text{E}$.
Q.5. Give geographical reasons (Any Two) (6 Marks)
(1) Vegetation is scarce in the high altitudes of Himalayas.
Answer: In the high altitudes of the Himalayas, the temperature is extremely low, and the land is covered with snow for a major part of the year. The soil is also frozen or immature. These conditions are not suitable for the growth of dense vegetation. Only seasonal flowers or lichens grow during the short summer. Therefore, vegetation is scarce.
(2) Tropical cyclones occur rarely in Brazil.
Answer: In the coastal regions of Brazil near the Equator, the differences in temperature are negligible. The vertical displacement of air is more prominent than horizontal movement. The convergence of trade winds is weak in this zone. Consequently, the low-pressure systems required for cyclone formation rarely develop. Thus, tropical cyclones are rare.
(3) Fishing plays an important role in the economy of India.
Answer: India has a vast coastline of about 7,500 km. Fishing provides food and employment to a large population living in coastal areas. It is also a significant source of foreign exchange earnings through exports. With both marine and inland fishing resources, it contributes significantly to the primary sector of the Indian economy.
(4) Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial in nature.
Answer: Himalayan rivers originate from snow-clad mountains and glaciers. In summer, the melting of snow provides a continuous flow of water. During the monsoon, they receive heavy rainfall. Since they are fed by both snowmelt and rain, they have water throughout the year, making them perennial.
Q.6. (A) With the help of given statistical data, prepare a simple bar graph and answer the following questions (6 Marks)
Data: Trend of Urbanisation in India (1961-2011)
| Year | % Urban Population |
|---|---|
| 1961 | 18.0 |
| 1971 | 18.2 |
| 1981 | 23.3 |
| 1991 | 25.7 |
| 2001 | 27.8 |
| 2011 | 31.2 |
Questions:
(Students are expected to draw a Bar Graph on the graph paper provided in the exam.)
OR
Q.6. (B) Observe the graph and answer the following questions (6 Marks)
Refer to the line graphs showing Sex Ratio for Brazil and India (1961-2011) below.
(1) What does the graph indicate?
Answer: The graph indicates the Sex Ratio (number of females per 1000 males) of Brazil and India from 1961 to 2011.
(2) Name the country with high sex ratio in 2011.
Answer: Brazil.
(3) Which year shows the lowest sex ratio in India?
Answer: 1991 (According to the graph, it dips to the lowest point around 1991).
(4) What was the sex ratio in the year 2001 in Brazil?
Answer: Approximately 1020-1025.
Q.7. Answer in detail (Any Two) (8 Marks)
(1) Prepare a questionnaire for a field visit to a factory.
Answer:
- What is the name of your factory and when was it established?
- What is the main product manufactured here?
- What are the raw materials required for this product?
- From where do you procure the raw materials?
- How many workers are currently employed?
- What is the source of water and energy for the factory?
- What safety measures are taken for the workers?
- Where is the finished product sold or marketed?
- What steps are taken to prevent environmental pollution?
- Do you have shifts for workers?
(2) Give information of the coastal region of Brazil.
Answer:
Brazil has a coastline of approximately 7,400 km along the Atlantic Ocean. It is divided into two main parts: the Northern Coast and the Eastern Coast.
- Northern Coast: Extends from Amapa to Rio Grande do Norte. The Amazon river meets the ocean here. The coast is characterized by low-lying lands and Marajo Island (a large coastal island).
- Eastern Coast: Extends from Rio Grande do Norte to the south. It receives many small rivers. The Sao Francisco is a major river meeting the Atlantic here. This coast has many beaches and sand dunes. The Brazilian Coral Reefs and atolls are found in some areas here.
(3) Which factors affect the distribution of population of India?
Answer:
The distribution of population in India is uneven due to several factors:
- Physiography: The North Indian Plains constitute a flat, fertile region with abundant water, leading to very high population density. In contrast, the mountainous Himalayan regions and the hilly terrain of the North-East have sparse populations due to difficult terrain.
- Climate: Regions with a favorable climate and reliable rainfall support higher populations. The arid Thar Desert in Rajasthan has a low density due to extreme heat and water scarcity.
- Agriculture and Water: Areas with fertile soil and irrigation facilities (like Punjab, Haryana, UP) are densely populated.
- Urbanization and Industrialization: Major industrial centers and cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Chennai attract large populations due to employment opportunities and better infrastructure.
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