SSC Geography Paper II (2024) - Complete Solution
Paper Code: N 669 | Marks: 40 | Time: 2 Hours
Q.1 Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences: (4 Marks)
(1) In the swampy areas of Pantanal ________ are found.
Answer: (iii) huge anacondas
(2) On the distribution of population ______ factor affects.
Answer: (i) physiographic
(3) The most common method of transportation in Brazil is ______.
Answer: (iii) roadways
(4) We should carry _____ for a field visit to collect information.
Answer: (iv) questionnaire
Q.2 Choose the odd man out: (4 Marks)
(1) Coastal states in Brazil
Options: Rio de Janeiro, Paraiba, Amapa, Acre
Answer: Acre
Reason: Acre is an interior (landlocked) state, while the others are coastal states.
Reason: Acre is an interior (landlocked) state, while the others are coastal states.
(2) Region with very high rainfall in India.
Options: Western part of Rajasthan, Western ghats, Meghalaya plateau, Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Western part of Rajasthan
Reason: It is an arid region with scanty rainfall, while the others receive very high rainfall.
Reason: It is an arid region with scanty rainfall, while the others receive very high rainfall.
(3) Tributary of river Amazon.
Options: Paru river, Purus river, Parana river, Juruika (Jurua) river
Answer: Parana river
Reason: Parana is a separate major river system flowing south, while the others are tributaries of the Amazon.
Reason: Parana is a separate major river system flowing south, while the others are tributaries of the Amazon.
(4) Animals found in the Peninsular region of India.
Options: Indian Bisons, Deer, Antelopes, Yaks
Answer: Yaks
Reason: Yaks are found in the high-altitude Himalayan regions, not in the Peninsular region.
Reason: Yaks are found in the high-altitude Himalayan regions, not in the Peninsular region.
Q.3 Write short notes (any two): (4 Marks)
(1) Retreating monsoon
The retreating monsoon season in India occurs during October and November. During this transition period, the Southwest Monsoon winds withdraw from the Indian subcontinent. As the monsoon retreats, the skies become clearer and temperatures rise slightly (October Heat). These winds pick up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and cause rainfall on the eastern coast, particularly in Tamil Nadu.
(2) Deciduous forests of India
Deciduous forests are the most widespread forests in India, found in regions receiving rainfall between 1000 mm and 2000 mm. These trees shed their leaves during the dry summer season to conserve water. Major tree species include Teak, Sal, Bamboo, Banyan, and Peepal. They are economically significant for timber.
(3) Historical background of Brazil
Brazil was under Portuguese rule for more than three centuries. It gained independence on 7th September 1822. Following independence, from 1930 to 1985, the country was under populist military government for more than a half-century. Today, Brazil is a Federal Presidential Republic.
Q.4 (A) Mark the following in the outline map of Brazil: (4 Marks)
Note: Students were expected to mark these on the supplied map. Below are the locations.
| Item | Location Description |
|---|---|
| (1) Highest peak in Brazil | Pico da Neblina: Located in the north, near the border with Venezuela. |
| (2) Sao Francisco river | A major river flowing north-eastward from the Minas Gerais region and then turning east into the Atlantic Ocean. |
| (3) Marajo island | Located at the mouth of the Amazon River in the north. |
| (4) Pampas | Grasslands located in the southernmost part of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). |
| (5) Equator | 0° latitude line passing through the northern part of Brazil (mouth of Amazon). |
| (6) Capital of Brazil | Brasilia: Located in the central highlands. |
Q.4 (B) Observe the map of India and answer the following questions: (4 Marks)
(1) What is the title and subtitle of the map?
Title: INDIA
Subtitle: National Highways and Major Ports
Subtitle: National Highways and Major Ports
(2) Which part has more density of roadways?
The Northern Plains and the Southern Peninsula have a higher density of roadways.
(3) Name two parts to the western coast.
(Note: The question likely refers to ports or coastal divisions visible on the map).
Major ports on the western coast: Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagao, Mangalore, Kochi.
Major ports on the western coast: Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagao, Mangalore, Kochi.
(4) Name the highway that connects Porbandar and Silchar.
The East-West Corridor (Golden Quadrilateral component).
(5) Name the island near Kolkata.
New Moore Island (as labelled on the map near the border).
Q.5 Give geographical reasons (any two): (6 Marks)
(1) Vegetation is scarce in the high altitudes of Himalayas.
In the high altitudes of the Himalayas, the temperature is extremely low, and the ground is often covered with snow for most of the year. The soil cover is also very thin or non-existent. These harsh climatic conditions restrict the growth of large trees or dense vegetation. Only seasonal mosses and lichens grow during the short summer.
(2) Tropical cyclones occur rarely in Brazil.
The coastline of Brazil lies in the vicinity of the Equator. In the equatorial regions, the Coriolis force is negligible or zero. As a result, the circular cyclonic vortices required for the formation of tropical cyclones do not develop easily. Therefore, tropical cyclones occur very rarely in Brazil.
(3) Settlements become sparse as we move towards the Amazon river basin.
The Amazon river basin is covered by dense equatorial rainforests. The climate here is hot and humid, which is unhealthy for human habitation. Additionally, the region is inaccessible due to poor transport networks, and the dense vegetation restricts land use. These factors make settlements sparse in this region.
(4) Fishing plays an important role in the economy of India.
India has a vast coastline of about 7,500 km. Fishing provides a major source of cheap protein (food) for a large population. It generates employment for millions of people living in coastal areas and contributes significantly to foreign exchange earnings through exports. Hence, it plays a vital role in the economy.
Q.6 (A) With the help of given statistical data, prepare a simple bar graph and answer the following questions: (6 Marks)
Note: A bar graph should be drawn with 'Years' on the X-axis and 'Percentage of Urban Population' on the Y-axis. Below are the answers to the questions based on the data.
(1) What was the percentage of urbanisation in the year 1961?
18.0%
(2) In which decade was the growth of urbanisation lowest?
The growth was lowest in the decade 1961 to 1971 (Growth was only 0.2%).
(3) What was the percentage of urbanisation in the year 1991?
25.7%
OR
Q.6 (B) Read the graph and answer the following questions: (6 Marks)
Topic: Contribution of sectors in national income and percentage of population engaged.
(1) Name the sectors mentioned in the graph.
Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary sectors.
(2) Which sector contributes the highest in National income in India?
Tertiary Sector.
(3) How much percent of population is engaged in primary sector in Brazil?
10%
(4) Out of given two countries, the share of primary sector to the national income is less.
Brazil (The primary sector contributes less to Brazil's national income compared to India).
(5) Which country's contribution of tertiary sector to the national income is less?
India (Brazil's tertiary contribution is higher than India's).
(6) In which sector 19% population of Brazil is engaged?
Secondary Sector (Approximately 19% of the population is engaged here).
Q.7 Answer in detail (any two): (8 Marks)
(1) Prepare a questionnaire for a field visit to a factory.
Questionnaire for Factory Field Visit:
- What is the name of the factory and when was it established?
- What is the main product manufactured in this factory?
- What are the raw materials required for production?
- From where are the raw materials sourced?
- How many workers are currently employed in the factory?
- What safety measures are adopted for the workers?
- How is the industrial waste generated here managed or treated?
- Where is the final product sold (local market or exported)?
- Does the factory have any automated machinery?
- What environmental precautions does the factory take?
(2) Give information of the coastal region of Brazil.
Brazil has a coastline of approximately 7,400 km along the Atlantic Ocean. It is divided into two main parts:
- Northern Coast: Extends from Amapa province in the north to Rio Grande do Norte in the east. This region includes the mouth of the Amazon River and Marajo Island. It is characterized by low-lying lands and mangroves.
- Eastern Coast: Extends from Rio Grande do Norte to the southern borders. This coast receives trade winds and has higher rainfall. It is famous for beautiful sandy beaches, dunes, and coral reefs. In some areas, the Great Escarpment extends right up to the coast. Important ports like Rio de Janeiro and Santos are located here.
(3) Which factors affect the distribution of population of India?
The distribution of population in India is uneven and influenced by several factors:
- Physiography: The Northern Plains are densely populated due to flat land and fertile soil suitable for agriculture. In contrast, the mountainous regions of the Himalayas and the rugged terrain of the North-East have sparse populations.
- Climate: Regions with moderate climate and adequate rainfall (e.g., Coastal plains, Gangetic plains) attract more people. The arid desert of Rajasthan and the cold desert of Ladakh have low population density.
- Availability of Water: Settlements have historically developed near river banks (e.g., Ganga, Yamuna) where fresh water is easily available for drinking and irrigation.
- Urbanisation and Industrialisation: Cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Chennai have high population densities due to employment opportunities, better infrastructure, and industrial growth.