2025 Social Sciences (73) Geography — Paper II (E) Solutions
Seat No.: N 869
Marks: 40
Time: 2 Hours
1. Complete the following sentences by choosing the appropriate alternatives from those given and rewrite the sentences in your answer-book: (4 Marks)
(1) India and Brazil have ........................... type of government.
- (i) Military
- (ii) Communist
- (iii) Republic
- (iv) Presidential
Answer: (iii) Republic
(2) The Himalayas block the ............................... winds blowing from the north.
- (i) Very cold
- (ii) Very hot
- (iii) Hot and dry
- (iv) Humid
Answer: (i) Very cold
(3) The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on the .................... activities.
- (i) Primary
- (ii) Secondary
- (iii) Tertiary
- (iv) Quaternary
Answer: (iii) Tertiary
(4) Areawise Brazil ranks ............................. in the world.
- (i) Fifth
- (ii) Seventh
- (iii) Sixth
- (iv) Fourth
Answer: (i) Fifth
2. Find the odd man out: (4 Marks)
(1) Materials to be carried for a field visit:
(i) Questionnaire, (ii) Camera, (iii) Computer, (iv) Note-book
Answer: (iii) Computer
(2) Rivers in Brazil:
(i) Amazon, (ii) Paraguay, (iii) Uruguay, (iv) Ganga
Answer: (iv) Ganga (Ganga is a river in India)
(3) Primary activities:
(i) Agriculture, (ii) Mining, (iii) Tourism, (iv) Fishing
Answer: (iii) Tourism (Tourism is a tertiary activity)
(4) Favourable factors for concentration of settlements:
(i) Availability of water, (ii) Unfavourable climate, (iii) Fertile land, (iv) Favourable climate
Answer: (ii) Unfavourable climate (This is a negative factor, others are positive)
3. State whether the following sentences are right or wrong (any four): (4 Marks)
(1) The proportion of youth in India’s population is high.
Answer: Right
(2) India and Brazil have the same seasons at the same time.
Answer: Wrong (They are in opposite hemispheres)
(3) Manaus is a port on the confluence of Negro and the Amazon.
Answer: Right
(4) The sex ratio is high in Brazil.
Answer: Right
(5) Brazil is the only country in the world where both tigers and lions are found.
Answer: Wrong (This statement is true for India, not Brazil)
4. (A) Mark the following in the outline map of Brazil supplied to you and give index (any four): (4 Marks)
- (1) Pampas (Grasslands in the South)
- (2) Marajo Island (Mouth of Amazon River)
- (3) Capital of Brazil (Brasilia)
- (4) Pico De Neblina (Highest Peak in North)
- (5) Parana River (South-flowing river)
- (6) Maranhao State (Northern coastal state)
Note: Students are expected to mark these locations on the provided map.
4. (B) Observe the map and answer the questions given below (any four): (4 Marks)
(Refer to the map of India provided in the question paper)
(1) What does the given map show?
Answer: The map shows India's Location and Extent.
(2) Name the Southernmost point of India.
Answer: Indira Point.
(3) What is the East-West distance of India?
Answer: 3000 km.
(4) Which longitude in India is called the Indian Standard Time?
Answer: 82° 30' E.
(5) Name the Sea to the West of India.
Answer: Arabian Sea.
5. Give geographical reasons for the following (any two): (6 Marks)
(1) Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial in nature.
Most Himalayan rivers originate from glaciers and snow-clad peaks. During summer, the snow melts, providing a continuous flow of water. In the rainy season (monsoon), they receive heavy rainfall. Since they receive water throughout the year from both melting snow and rainfall, they are perennial in nature.
(2) Tropical cyclones occur rarely in Brazil.
In the coastal regions of Brazil near the equator, the temperature does not vary much. The Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is present in this region. Furthermore, the Coriolis force, which is essential for the formation of cyclones, is very weak near the equator. As a result, cyclones are not formed easily, and tropical cyclones occur rarely in Brazil.
(3) Settlements are sparse in North-Eastern Brazil.
The North-Eastern part of Brazil, known as the Drought Quadrilateral, receives very scanty rainfall. The climate is dry and hot, making it unsuitable for agriculture. Due to the lack of water availability and unfavorable climatic conditions for farming and livelihood, settlements are sparse in this region.
(4) The waterways are not developed in Brazil.
While the Amazon river is navigable, most other rivers in Brazil flow over the Brazilian Highlands and plateaus. These rivers have a high speed and contain many rapids and waterfalls due to the undulating topography. This makes navigation difficult and dangerous, leading to the underdevelopment of inland waterways in many parts of the country.
6. (A) With the help of given statistical data, prepare a simple bar graph and answer the following questions: (6 Marks)
| Year | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % of Literacy | 40.8 | 48.2 | 61.0 | 69.3 | 72.2 |
(Students should draw a bar graph on the graph paper with 'Years' on the X-axis and 'Literacy Rate' on the Y-axis).
(1) What does the graph indicate?
Answer: The graph indicates the Literacy Rate Percentage of India from the year 1981 to 2016.
(2) What was the literacy rate in the year 1991?
Answer: The literacy rate was 48.2% in 1991.
(3) How much was an increase in literacy rate in the decade from 1991 to 2001?
Answer: Increase = 61.0 - 48.2 = 12.8%.
OR
(B) Observe the following figure and answer the questions given below: (6 Marks)
(Refer to the Pie Charts for Brazil and India Sectors in GDP and Employment provided in the paper)
(1) Which country has a higher percentage of population engaged in primary activities?
Answer: India (48.8% vs 10% in Brazil).
(2) In which country is the contribution of tertiary sector greater in GDP?
Answer: Brazil (67% vs 57% in India).
(3) In which country is the share of secondary activities more in the GDP?
Answer: Brazil (27.5% vs 26% in India).
(4) In which sector is the maximum percentage of population engaged in Brazil?
Answer: Tertiary Sector (71%).
(5) How much more is Brazil’s contribution in tertiary sector in GDP as compared to India?
Answer: 10% (67% - 57%).
(6) How much percentage of population is engaged in tertiary sector in India?
Answer: 26.9%.
7. Answer the following questions in detail (any two): (8 Marks)
(1) What is field visit? What preparations should be done before going to a field visit?
Definition: A field visit is a visit to a specific geographical location to study the geographical concepts and elements directly. It helps in understanding the correlation between humans and the environment.
Preparations:
- Selection of Place: Decide the location and the purpose of the visit.
- Permission: Obtain necessary permission letters from authorities.
- Route Map: Prepare a route map and schedule for the journey.
- Questionnaire: Prepare a questionnaire to gather information.
- Essentials: Carry a notebook, pen, pencil, scale, camera, compass, First-Aid kit, and water bottle.
(2) What problems did Brazil and India face after Independence?
India:
- Fought three wars within the first 20 years of independence.
- Faced famine situations in various parts of the country.
- Dealt with issues related to partition and refugee rehabilitation.
Brazil:
- Remained under populist military government for about half a century (1930-1985).
- Faced global financial difficulties in the late 20th century.
- Struggled with high inflation rates and economic instability.
(3) What environmental issues are faced by Brazil and India?
Both countries face significant environmental challenges due to developing economies and large populations:
- Deforestation: Cutting down forests for agriculture and urbanization (e.g., Amazon in Brazil, Himalayas/Western Ghats in India).
- Pollution: Increasing air and water pollution due to industrialization and vehicular emissions.
- Urbanization: Unplanned urban growth leading to waste management issues and slums.
- Biodiversity Loss: Extinction of species and degradation of wildlife habitats due to human encroachment.
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