HISTORY (Part 1)
1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given options and complete the sentences: (3 Marks)
(1) The earliest museum in the world was discovered in the excavations at the city of ...................
Answer: Ur
(2) The first Chief Minister of Maharashtra was ................ .
Answer: Yashwantrao Chavhan
(3) The Sanskrit text of ‘Hitopadesh’ was translated into German by .................. .
Answer: Friedrich Max Muller
(B) Identify the wrong pair in the following and rewrite it: (3 Marks)
(1)
(i) Raigadala Jevha Jag Yete — Vasant Kanetkar
(ii) Tilak ani Agarkar — Vishram Bedekar
(iii) Sashtang Namaskar — Acharya Atre
(iv) Ekach Pyala — Annasaheb Kirloskar
(i) Raigadala Jevha Jag Yete — Vasant Kanetkar
(ii) Tilak ani Agarkar — Vishram Bedekar
(iii) Sashtang Namaskar — Acharya Atre
(iv) Ekach Pyala — Annasaheb Kirloskar
Wrong Pair: Ekach Pyala — Annasaheb Kirloskar
Corrected Pair (For reference): Ekach Pyala — Ram Ganesh Gadkari
Corrected Pair (For reference): Ekach Pyala — Ram Ganesh Gadkari
(2)
(i) Leopold von Ranké — The Secret of World History
(ii) Michel Foucault — Archaeology of Knowledge
(iii) Karl Marx — Das Kapital
(iv) René Descartes — Reason in History
(i) Leopold von Ranké — The Secret of World History
(ii) Michel Foucault — Archaeology of Knowledge
(iii) Karl Marx — Das Kapital
(iv) René Descartes — Reason in History
Wrong Pair: René Descartes — Reason in History
Corrected Pair (For reference): René Descartes — Discourse on Method (or) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel — Reason in History
Corrected Pair (For reference): René Descartes — Discourse on Method (or) Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel — Reason in History
(3)
(i) Prabhakar — Acharya P.K. Atre
(ii) Darpan — Balshastri Jambhekar
(iii) Deenbandhu — Krishnarao Bhalekar
(iv) Kesari — Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(i) Prabhakar — Acharya P.K. Atre
(ii) Darpan — Balshastri Jambhekar
(iii) Deenbandhu — Krishnarao Bhalekar
(iv) Kesari — Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Wrong Pair: Prabhakar — Acharya P.K. Atre
Corrected Pair (For reference): Prabhakar — Bhau Mahajan
Corrected Pair (For reference): Prabhakar — Bhau Mahajan
2. (A) Complete the activity as per given instructions (any two): (4 Marks)
(1) Complete the following chart (Libraries in India and Cities):
- Kolkata: National Library
- Delhi: National Museum Library (or Nehru Memorial Museum and Library)
- Hyderabad: State Central Library
- Mumbai: Library of Asiatic Society
(2) Complete the following concept map: Aspects of Indian History portrayed through the serial 'Bharat Ek Khoj'
Aspects in 'Bharat Ek Khoj'
Harappan Civilisation
Vedic History
Mauryan Period
Mughal Period (or Social Life)
(3) Complete the concept map: Hill Stations in Maharashtra
Hill Stations in Maharashtra
Mahabaleshwar
Panchgani
Matheran
Lonavala / Khandala
(B) Write short notes on (any two): (4 Marks)
(1) Applied History:
Applied History, also known as Public History, helps in understanding the present with the help of history. It is a field of study concerned with the application of history for the benefit of people in contemporary and future times. Knowledge of history can provide guidance in finding solutions to contemporary social and political issues and incorporate them in social planning.
(2) Maratha Style of Painting:
The Maratha style of painting began to develop in the latter half of the 17th century C.E. This style consists of coloured paintings that occur as murals and also miniatures used in manuscripts. Murals in the Maratha style can be seen in the old wadas at places like Wai, Menavali, and Satara. The style is not realistic; it features bold outlines and flat colours.
(3) Sthalakosh:
Sthalakosh are encyclopedic texts providing information about places. They are essential for writing history as geography is important. Muni Vyas of the Mahanubhav sect composed 'Sthanapothi', describing places visited by Chakradhar Swami. Siddheshwarshastri Chitrav compiled the 'Prachin Bharatiya Sthalakosh', which gives information on ancient Indian places mentioned in Vedic literature and epics.
Applied History, also known as Public History, helps in understanding the present with the help of history. It is a field of study concerned with the application of history for the benefit of people in contemporary and future times. Knowledge of history can provide guidance in finding solutions to contemporary social and political issues and incorporate them in social planning.
(2) Maratha Style of Painting:
The Maratha style of painting began to develop in the latter half of the 17th century C.E. This style consists of coloured paintings that occur as murals and also miniatures used in manuscripts. Murals in the Maratha style can be seen in the old wadas at places like Wai, Menavali, and Satara. The style is not realistic; it features bold outlines and flat colours.
(3) Sthalakosh:
Sthalakosh are encyclopedic texts providing information about places. They are essential for writing history as geography is important. Muni Vyas of the Mahanubhav sect composed 'Sthanapothi', describing places visited by Chakradhar Swami. Siddheshwarshastri Chitrav compiled the 'Prachin Bharatiya Sthalakosh', which gives information on ancient Indian places mentioned in Vedic literature and epics.
3. Explain the following statements with reasons (any two): (4 Marks)
(1) Foucault called his method, ‘the archaeology of knowledge’.
Reason: Michel Foucault criticized the conventional practice of arranging historical events in a chronological order. He argued that the ultimate aim of history is not to reach the absolute truth but to explain various transitions in the past. Since he gave more importance to explaining the transitions in history, he called his method ‘the archaeology of knowledge’.
(2) Bakhar is an important type of historical documents.
Reason: Bakhar is an important type of historical document of medieval times. It contains eulogies of heroes and stories of historic events, battles, and lives of great men. Bakhars provide information about the contemporary political happenings, social life, cultural conditions, and linguistic transactions, which is crucial for historians.
(3) Expertise in History is important in the film industry.
Reason: While making period movies or historical films, it is essential to present the atmosphere of that time accurately. This includes the style of clothing, hairstyles, language, architecture, and furniture of the respective era. Art directors and scriptwriters need deep knowledge of history to recreate these elements authentically. Hence, expertise in history is vital.
(4) It is essential to study the history of technology.
Reason: Technology has been the key to human progress. We need to study the history of technology to understand the changes that have occurred in agricultural production, commodity production, architecture, and engineering. Understanding the history of technology helps in understanding the development of mechanization and the mutual dependence between science and technology.
Reason: Michel Foucault criticized the conventional practice of arranging historical events in a chronological order. He argued that the ultimate aim of history is not to reach the absolute truth but to explain various transitions in the past. Since he gave more importance to explaining the transitions in history, he called his method ‘the archaeology of knowledge’.
(2) Bakhar is an important type of historical documents.
Reason: Bakhar is an important type of historical document of medieval times. It contains eulogies of heroes and stories of historic events, battles, and lives of great men. Bakhars provide information about the contemporary political happenings, social life, cultural conditions, and linguistic transactions, which is crucial for historians.
(3) Expertise in History is important in the film industry.
Reason: While making period movies or historical films, it is essential to present the atmosphere of that time accurately. This includes the style of clothing, hairstyles, language, architecture, and furniture of the respective era. Art directors and scriptwriters need deep knowledge of history to recreate these elements authentically. Hence, expertise in history is vital.
(4) It is essential to study the history of technology.
Reason: Technology has been the key to human progress. We need to study the history of technology to understand the changes that have occurred in agricultural production, commodity production, architecture, and engineering. Understanding the history of technology helps in understanding the development of mechanization and the mutual dependence between science and technology.
4. Read the following passage and answer the questions based on it: (4 Marks)
(Passage regarding Major Dhyan Chand, Indian Hockey, Berlin Olympics 1936, etc.)
(Passage regarding Major Dhyan Chand, Indian Hockey, Berlin Olympics 1936, etc.)
(1) Who was captain of Indian hockey team in 1936?
Ans: Major Dhyan Chand was the captain of the Indian hockey team in 1936.
(2) Which day is celebrated as National Sports Day in India?
Ans: 29th August, the birth date of Dhyan Chand, is celebrated as National Sports Day in India.
(3) State your opinion about the game of Hockey.
Ans: Hockey is an energetic and fast-paced sport that requires high levels of stamina, skill, and teamwork. It holds a special place in Indian history as the national game that brought global recognition to the country through numerous Olympic gold medals. It fosters discipline and sportsmanship among players.
Ans: Major Dhyan Chand was the captain of the Indian hockey team in 1936.
(2) Which day is celebrated as National Sports Day in India?
Ans: 29th August, the birth date of Dhyan Chand, is celebrated as National Sports Day in India.
(3) State your opinion about the game of Hockey.
Ans: Hockey is an energetic and fast-paced sport that requires high levels of stamina, skill, and teamwork. It holds a special place in Indian history as the national game that brought global recognition to the country through numerous Olympic gold medals. It fosters discipline and sportsmanship among players.
5. Answer the following questions in detail (any two): (6 Marks)
(1) What is feminist historiography?
Ans: Feminist historiography refers to the restructuring of the history from the perspective of women.
(2) What kind of professional opportunities are available in the field of Arts?
Ans: The field of Arts offers diverse professional opportunities:
(3) What is Powada?
Ans:
Ans: Feminist historiography refers to the restructuring of the history from the perspective of women.
- It emphasizes not only on the inclusion of women in history but also on the rethinking of the male-dominated perspective of history.
- It was driven by the writings of French scholar Simone de Beauvoir.
- It focuses on various aspects of women's lives such as their employment, their role in trade unions, institutions working for their cause, and their family life.
- In the Indian context, Tarabai Shinde’s 'Stripurush Tulana' is an early example of feminist writing.
(2) What kind of professional opportunities are available in the field of Arts?
Ans: The field of Arts offers diverse professional opportunities:
- Art History: Jobs in museums, archives, and libraries. Researchers and art historians can work in journalism and mass media.
- Performing Arts: Opportunities for artists in theatre, cinema, and television as actors, directors, or scriptwriters.
- Applied Arts: This industry offers careers in graphic design, photography, interior design, and production of artistic objects like greeting cards and gift items.
- Design & Industry: Designers are needed for packaging, advertising, and set design for plays and movies.
(3) What is Powada?
Ans:
- Powada is a dramatic narration by alternating reciting poetry and prosaic extracts.
- It is a source for getting information about a historical event or the life of a person.
- Powada narrates great deeds of heroic men and women in a very forceful and inspiring style.
- Examples include the Powada composed by Adnyandas on the killing of Afzal Khan and the Powada composed by Tulsidas on the battle of Sinhagad.
- In modern times, Powadas were used during the freedom struggle and the Samyukta Maharashtra movement to create public awareness.
POLITICAL SCIENCE (Part 2)
6. Choose the correct option from given options and complete the statements: (2 Marks)
(1) In Maharashtra .................................. seats are reserved for women in local self-governing institutions.
Answer: 50%
(2) To increase agricultural production and become self-sufficient with regard to food grains ................................ was initiated.
Answer: Green revolution
7. State whether the following statements are true or false. Give reasons for your answers (any two): (4 Marks)
(1) Under special circumstances the Election Commission holds re-elections in a particular constituency for a second time.
Ans: True.
Reason: If the election in a particular constituency is not conducted in a free and fair environment, or if there are instances of booth capturing, violence, or if a candidate dies during the election process, the Election Commission has the authority to cancel the poll and order a re-election to ensure the integrity of the democratic process.
(2) Secrecy in the working of Government has increased due to the Right to Information.
Ans: False.
Reason: The Right to Information (RTI) Act has actually reduced secrecy. It has empowered citizens to demand information from the government, making the administration more transparent and accountable. It has helped in building trust between the government and the people.
(3) Coalition politics leads to instability.
Ans: False.
Reason: While it was initially believed that coalition governments cause instability, the experience of the Indian political system over the last few decades (like the NDA and UPA governments) has shown that coalition governments can function successfully and complete their terms. Hence, the belief that coalition politics inevitably leads to instability is not true in the current context.
Ans: True.
Reason: If the election in a particular constituency is not conducted in a free and fair environment, or if there are instances of booth capturing, violence, or if a candidate dies during the election process, the Election Commission has the authority to cancel the poll and order a re-election to ensure the integrity of the democratic process.
(2) Secrecy in the working of Government has increased due to the Right to Information.
Ans: False.
Reason: The Right to Information (RTI) Act has actually reduced secrecy. It has empowered citizens to demand information from the government, making the administration more transparent and accountable. It has helped in building trust between the government and the people.
(3) Coalition politics leads to instability.
Ans: False.
Reason: While it was initially believed that coalition governments cause instability, the experience of the Indian political system over the last few decades (like the NDA and UPA governments) has shown that coalition governments can function successfully and complete their terms. Hence, the belief that coalition politics inevitably leads to instability is not true in the current context.
8. (A) Explain the following concept (any one): (2 Marks)
(1) Provisions for minorities:
The Indian Constitution contains several provisions to protect the rights of minorities (religious, linguistic, or ethnic). It prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, race, language, or region. Minorities have the right to protect and conserve their language, script, and culture. They also have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
(2) Workers movements:
The workers' movement in India began with the industrialization in the 19th century (textile mills, railways). The movement aimed to solve problems related to low wages, working hours, and job security. Leaders like Narayan Meghaji Lokhande organized workers. In 1920, the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was established. However, post-1990s globalization has affected the strength of these movements.
The Indian Constitution contains several provisions to protect the rights of minorities (religious, linguistic, or ethnic). It prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, race, language, or region. Minorities have the right to protect and conserve their language, script, and culture. They also have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
(2) Workers movements:
The workers' movement in India began with the industrialization in the 19th century (textile mills, railways). The movement aimed to solve problems related to low wages, working hours, and job security. Leaders like Narayan Meghaji Lokhande organized workers. In 1920, the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was established. However, post-1990s globalization has affected the strength of these movements.
(B) Do as directed (any one): (2 Marks)
(1) Complete the following chart: The Electoral Process
Role of the Election Commission:
- Prepare the Voters' List
- Conduct Elections (or Decide Election Timetable)
- Cast Vote
- Follow the Code of Conduct (and select the right candidate)
(2) Complete the following concept map: Social challenges faced by Indian Democracy
Social Challenges
Communalism
Naxalism
Corruption
Criminalisation of Politics
9. Answer in brief (any one): (2 Marks)
(1) State the norms that are set by the Election Commission to get recognition as a national party.
Ans: A political party must fulfill the following criteria to be recognized as a National Party:
(2) Which factors are required for the success of democracy in India?
Ans:
Ans: A political party must fulfill the following criteria to be recognized as a National Party:
- It must secure at least 6% of valid votes in four or more states in the Lok Sabha or State Assembly elections AND return at least 4 members to the Lok Sabha from any state or states.
- OR: The candidates of a party must be elected from a minimum of 2% of the constituencies in Lok Sabha (approx. 11 seats), and these candidates must be elected from at least three different states.
(2) Which factors are required for the success of democracy in India?
Ans:
- Empowerment of Citizens: Through rights like RTI, citizens must be active participants.
- Social Justice: Policies of reservation and protection of minorities to ensure equality.
- Decentralization: Strengthening local self-government institutions (Gram Panchayats, Municipalities).
- Independent Judiciary: To interpret the constitution and protect citizens' rights.
- Education and Awareness: An educated citizenry is crucial for making informed choices.
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