Geography Paper II (N 734) - 2025 Board Exam Solutions
Paper Code: N 734 | Subject: Social Sciences (Geography) | Marks: 40
Q.1. Choose the correct alternatives and complete the sentences (4 Marks)
(1) Islands in the Andaman group are mainly ............................. .
Answer: (iii) volcanic islands (Note: Specifically referring to Barren Island and the submerged mountain peaks origin).
(2) Northern part of Brazil has ............................ type of climate.
Answer: (ii) hot (Equatorial).
(3) In the snow-capped regions of Himalaya ....................... are found.
Answer: (iv) snow leopards
(4) India and Brazil have .................. type of government.
Answer: (iii) republic
Q.2. Match the columns (4 Marks)
| Column 'A' | Correct Answer (Column 'B') |
|---|---|
| (1) Field Visit | (iv) Questionnaire |
| (2) Deciduous forests | (v) Teak |
| (3) Sao Paulo | (i) Nucleated settlement |
| (4) Brazil | (ii) Pantanal |
Q.3. Answer the following in one sentence (Any Four) (4 Marks)
(1) What are the evergreen rainforests in Brazil called?
The evergreen rainforests in Brazil are called "Selvas" (often referred to as the 'Lungs of the World').
(2) Which is the cheapest means of transport?
Waterways are considered the cheapest means of transport.
(3) What is the rank of Brazil in the world with respect to its population?
Brazil ranks 5th in the world with respect to its population (based on textbook data).
(4) Out of India and Brazil which one is located in both hemispheres?
Brazil is located in both the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
(5) Name the major tributary of river Ganga.
The Yamuna is the major tributary of the river Ganga.
Q.4. (A) Mark the following in the outline map of Brazil (Any Four) (4 Marks)
Note: Locations to be marked on the supplied map.
- (1) Capital of Brazil: Mark Brasilia in the central plateau region.
- (2) Parana State: Mark the state in the South Region of Brazil.
- (3) River Paraguay: Mark the river flowing southward from the Mato Grosso region into the Pantanal.
- (4) Caatinga: Mark the drought-prone area in the North-East region.
- (5) Cassino beach: Mark the southernmost coastal beach in Rio Grande do Sul.
- (6) The highly urbanised state in the North: Mark Amapá (or Amazonas/Manaus depending on specific map key, but Amapá has a very high urbanization rate).
Q.4. (B) Observe the map of India and answer the following questions (Any Four) (4 Marks)
(1) Name the neighbouring country located to the South of India.
Sri Lanka
(2) What is the North-South distance of India?
3200 km (as indicated on the map).
(3) Name the Southernmost tip of India.
Indira Point (located in the Nicobar Islands).
(4) Which latitude passes through the middle of India?
Tropic of Cancer (23°30' N)
(5) What is the longitude of Indian standard time?
82°30' E
Q.5. Give geographical reasons (Any Two) (6 Marks)
(1) Deciduous trees are found on a large scale in India.
Reason: India has a Monsoon type of climate characterized by a distinct dry summer season. Most parts of India receive rainfall between 1000 mm and 2000 mm. To conserve water during the dry season and prevent loss of moisture through transpiration, trees shed their leaves. This adaptation results in the prevalence of Teak, Sal, and other deciduous trees across a large part of the country.
(2) Per capita land availability is more in Brazil as compared to India.
Reason: Brazil has a very large geographical area (approx. 8.51 million sq. km) compared to India (approx. 3.28 million sq. km). Conversely, Brazil's population (approx. 200 million) is significantly smaller than India's population (approx. 1.21 billion). Due to more land area and fewer people, the land available per person is much higher in Brazil.
(3) A dense network of railways has developed in the north Indian plains.
Reason: The North Indian Plains are vast, flat, and level lands, which makes the construction of railway tracks easier and cheaper compared to hilly terrains. Additionally, this region is agriculturally rich, industrially developed, and has a very high population density, creating a high demand for transport. These factors have led to a dense railway network.
(4) There are no west-flowing rivers in Brazil.
Reason: The Brazilian Highlands generally slope from the south/west towards the north and east. Also, the Andes mountains (outside Brazil) block the western path. Consequently, most major rivers originate in the highlands and follow the slope of the land, flowing eastwards into the Atlantic Ocean or northwards to join the Amazon, rather than flowing west.
Q.6. (A) Brazil–Urban population Bar Graph Analysis (6 Marks)
(1) What is the interval of the data?
The interval of the data is 10 years (decadal).
(2) Which decade shows decrease in the rate of urbanisation?
The rate of urban growth (percentage increase) has been decreasing since 1970. Specifically, the decade 2000-2010 shows the lowest growth rate in urbanization.
(3) What was the percentage of increase in the urban population from 1970 to 1980?
Percentage in 1980 (66.0) - Percentage in 1970 (56.8) = 9.2%.
OR
Q.6. (B) Sex Ratio Graph Analysis (6 Marks)
(1) What does the graph indicate?
The graph indicates the Sex Ratio (number of females per 1000 males) for India and Brazil from 1961 to 2011.
(2) Name the type of graph.
It is a Line Graph (or Polyline Graph).
(3) Name the country with high sex ratio in 2011.
Brazil (Sex ratio > 1000).
(4) What was the sex ratio in the year 2001 in Brazil?
Approximately 1020 to 1025 (Females per 1000 males).
(5) Which year shows lowest sex ratio in India?
The year 1991 shows the lowest sex ratio (approx 927).
(6) What was the sex ratio in the year 1961 in India?
940 (Females per 1000 males).
Q.7. Answer in detail (Any Two) (8 Marks)
(1) What preparations would you make before going for the field visit? Prepare a questionnaire to visit a weather station.
Preparations:
- Obtain permission letters from school and the destination authority.
- Carry essential items: Notebook, pen, pencil, scale, camera, compass, and first aid box.
- Study the location map and route map beforehand.
- Prepare a questionnaire relevant to the visit.
- What specific instruments are used here to measure weather elements?
- How is the daily rainfall measured and recorded?
- At what times of the day are maximum and minimum temperatures recorded?
- How do you measure the speed and direction of the wind?
- How is the collected data transmitted to the central meteorological department?
(2) Explain the importance of the Himalayas and the Indian Ocean with respect to the climate of India.
Himalayas:
- Barrier to Cold Winds: They obstruct the freezing cold winds blowing from Central Asia, protecting the Indian subcontinent from severe cold.
- Rainfall: They obstruct the moisture-laden South-West Monsoon winds, forcing them to rise and causing heavy rainfall in the Northern Plains (Orographic rain).
- Source of Moisture: The vast ocean provides the moisture required for the monsoon winds, which brings rain to the entire country.
- Temperature Regulation: It exerts a moderating influence on the climate of the coastal regions, keeping them equitable (neither too hot nor too cold).
(3) Give information of agriculture and mining occupations of Brazil.
Agriculture:
- Agriculture is a major occupation in the coastal areas and highlands.
- Crops: Brazil is the world's largest producer of Coffee (known as the 'Coffee Pot of the World') and Soybeans. Other major crops include sugarcane, cocoa, cotton, and oranges.
- Regions: The Terra Rossa soil in the south-east is highly suitable for coffee.
- The eastern part of Brazil is rich in various minerals.
- Minerals: Iron ore, manganese, bauxite, nickel, and copper are found in abundance. The Carajas mine is one of the largest iron ore mines.
- Mining has contributed significantly to the economic development of the interior regions, though dense forests in the Amazon limit exploitation in the North.
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