HSC Board Model Question Paper 2026
Organisation of Commerce and Management
Marks: 80 | Time: 3 Hours
Note: This paper is designed based on the latest syllabus and repeated board patterns.
Q. 1. (A) Select the correct options and rewrite the sentences: (5 Marks)
(1) F.W. Taylor recommended total _____ foremen to control the various aspects of production.
Options: (a) eight (b) three (c) two
Answer: F.W. Taylor recommended total eight foremen to control the various aspects of production.
(2) Start-up India is an initiative of the _____.
Options: (a) RBI (b) Government of India (c) World Bank
Answer: Start-up India is an initiative of the Government of India.
(3) Banks provide overdraft facility to _____ account holders.
Options: (a) saving (b) current (c) fixed deposit
Answer: Banks provide overdraft facility to current account holders.
(4) For online transactions _____ is required.
Options: (a) business (b) trading (c) registration
Answer: For online transactions registration is required.
(5) The Consumer Protection Act was initiated in India in the year _____.
Options: (a) 1947 (b) 1989 (c) 1986
Answer: The Consumer Protection Act was initiated in India in the year 1986.
Q. 1. (B) Match the correct pairs: (5 Marks)
| Group 'A' |
Group 'B' (Answer) |
| (a) Directing |
Process of instructing, guiding, and motivating |
| (b) Warehousing |
Time Utility |
| (c) Outsourcing |
BPO |
| (d) Monopoly |
Single Seller |
| (e) Responsibility towards investors |
To maintain solvency and prestige |
Q. 1. (C) Give one word/phrase/term for the following statements: (5 Marks)
(1) The right person at the right job with right pay.
Answer: Staffing
(2) The first step in online transaction.
Answer: Registration
(3) An activity motivated by profit.
Answer: Economic Activity (or Business)
(4) One who consumes or uses any commodity or service.
Answer: Consumer
(5) Giving of distinct name to one’s product.
Answer: Branding
Q. 1. (D) State whether the following statements are true or false: (5 Marks)
(1) Co-operation is not necessary for smooth flow of organizational activities.
Answer: False
(2) Businessmen are trustees of the society.
Answer: True
(3) E-business allows you to work across the globe in any field.
Answer: True
(4) Air transport is the cheapest mode of transport.
Answer: False
(5) Business ethics is a code of conduct.
Answer: True
Q. 2. Explain the following terms / concepts (Any FOUR): [8 Marks]
(1) Wholesale Market
A wholesale market is a market where goods are bought and sold in bulk quantities. The wholesalers buy goods directly from manufacturers and sell them to retailers. It serves as a link between the producer and the retailer.
(2) Utmost Good Faith
In insurance contracts, both the insurer and the insured must have complete faith in each other. The insured must disclose all material facts related to the subject matter, and the insurer must explain policy details clearly. Hiding facts can make the contract void.
(3) Controlling
Controlling is the function of management that involves measuring actual performance against standards, finding deviations, and taking corrective actions. It ensures that the organization's goals are achieved efficiently.
(4) Janahit Yachika (PIL)
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) is a legal tool that allows any individual or group to file a case in court for the protection of public interest. It is used to secure justice for those who cannot approach the court themselves due to poverty or lack of awareness.
(5) Bonded Warehouses
These are government-licensed warehouses where imported goods are stored until customs duty is paid. They allow importers to pay duty in installments or re-export goods without paying duty, facilitating international trade.
(6) Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
CSR refers to the obligation of business enterprises to contribute to sustainable economic development by working with employees, their families, the local community, and society at large to improve their quality of life.
Q. 3. Study the following case / situation and express your opinion (Any TWO): [6 Marks]
Case 1: Mr. Sanjay is a businessman. He has his own factories in Pune and Nashik. He lives in Pune with his wife and 2 daughters aged 5 and 8 years.
- (i) Can Mr. Sanjay take a life insurance policy for his wife and children?
Yes, Mr. Sanjay can take a life insurance policy for his wife and children because he has an insurable interest in their lives.
- (ii) Can Mr. Sanjay take a marine insurance policy for his factories?
No, he cannot take a marine insurance policy as factories are located on land, and marine insurance covers sea-related risks.
- (iii) Which type of insurance should Mr. Sanjay take for protecting his factories from fire?
He should take a Fire Insurance Policy to protect his factories from loss due to fire.
Case 2: Mr. Ashok visited a shop to buy shoes worth ₹700. The salesman forced him to buy a bigger size. Mr. Ashok complained, but the shopkeeper denied replacement.
- (i) Which right has been violated?
The 'Right to Choose' has been violated as the consumer was forced to buy a product he did not find suitable.
- (ii) Is Mr. Ashok a buyer or an ultimate consumer?
Mr. Ashok is an ultimate consumer as he bought the shoes for personal use.
- (iii) Where can Mr. Ashok file his complaint?
He can file his complaint at the District Commission since the value of goods is less than ₹1 crore.
Case 3: Yashwant Co. Ltd. provides day care centers and work-from-home facilities for female staff and takes suggestions from the trade union.
- (i) By doing this they are following social responsibilities towards which interest groups?
They are following responsibilities towards 'Employees'.
- (ii) What values are they presenting?
They are presenting values of care, respect for women, and democratic management.
- (iii) What kind of responsibilities does the employer follow in the above case?
The employer is following responsibilities such as providing good working conditions and respecting the rights of workers/unions.
Q. 4. Distinguish between the following (Any THREE): [12 Marks]
(1) State Commission vs National Commission
| Point | State Commission | National Commission |
|---|
| Jurisdiction | State Level. | National Level. |
| Monetary Limit | Covers cases exceeding ₹1 Crore up to ₹10 Crores. | Covers cases exceeding ₹10 Crores. |
| President | A person who is or has been a High Court Judge. | A person who is or has been a Supreme Court Judge. |
| Appeal | Appeal against its order lies with the National Commission. | Appeal against its order lies with the Supreme Court. |
(2) Commercial Bank vs Central Bank
| Point | Commercial Bank | Central Bank |
|---|
| Function | Accepts deposits and grants loans to the public. | Regulates the currency and banking system of the country. |
| Currency | Cannot print currency notes. | Has monopoly power to print currency notes. |
| Objective | To earn profit. | Economic stability and public welfare. |
| Ownership | Public or Private sector. | Owned by the Government. |
(3) Organising vs Staffing
| Point | Organising | Staffing |
|---|
| Meaning | The process of defining and grouping activities and establishing authority relationships. | The process of recruiting, selecting, placing, and training employees. |
| Focus | Focuses on structure and resources. | Focuses on human resources (people). |
| Order | It follows the planning function. | It usually follows the organizing function. |
| Resource | Relates to all physical and financial resources. | Relates specifically to human resources. |
(4) Road Transport vs Water Transport
| Point | Road Transport | Water Transport |
|---|
| Speed | Faster than water transport for short distances. | Slowest mode of transport. |
| Cost | Moderate cost; high maintenance. | Cheapest mode of transport for heavy goods. |
| Suitability | Suitable for short distances and door-to-door service. | Suitable for heavy and bulky goods over long distances (international trade). |
| Service | Provides door-to-door service. | Does not provide door-to-door service (port-to-port). |
Q. 5. Answer in brief (Any TWO): [8 Marks]
(1) Explain any four significance of marketing to the society.
Answer:
- Increase in Standard of Living: Marketing provides a variety of quality goods and services, helping people improve their lifestyle.
- Provides Employment: It creates jobs in various areas like advertising, sales, distribution, and logistics.
- Decreases Distribution Costs: Efficient marketing channels reduce the cost of moving goods from producer to consumer, making products affordable.
- Consumer Awareness: Marketing educates consumers about new products, their usage, and rights, empowering them to make better choices.
(2) Explain any four rights of consumers.
Answer:
- Right to Safety: Protection against goods and services that are hazardous to life and health.
- Right to Information: The right to be informed about the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard, and price of goods.
- Right to Choose: The right to be assured of access to a variety of goods and services at competitive prices.
- Right to be Heard: The right to be represented in various forums formed to consider the consumer's welfare.
(3) Explain any four responsibilities of business towards government.
Answer:
- Payment of Taxes: Businesses must pay direct and indirect taxes (GST, Income Tax) honestly and on time.
- Observing Laws: They must strictly follow the rules and regulations framed by the government.
- Earning Foreign Exchange: By exporting goods, businesses should help the country earn foreign currency.
- Political Stability: Business firms should not support anti-national activities or corruption that destabilizes the government.
Q. 6. Justify the following statements (Any TWO): [8 Marks]
(1) Principle of equity is important.
Justification:
- Equity means fair treatment of all employees by the management.
- It avoids discrimination based on caste, creed, or gender.
- When employees are treated fairly, they feel secure and motivated.
- It builds a friendly relationship between management and workers, reducing conflicts.
(2) The Consumer Protection Act was passed in the interest of consumers.
Justification:
- Prior to this act, the market was dominated by "Caveat Emptor" (Let the buyer beware).
- Consumers were exploited through adulteration, hoarding, and high prices.
- The Act established a three-tier redressal system (District, State, National) for quick justice.
- It legally recognized consumer rights, shifting the market to "Caveat Venditor" (Let the seller beware).
(3) Principles of management are flexible in nature.
Justification:
- Management principles are not rigid laws like scientific principles (e.g., gravity).
- They can be modified according to the changing business situation.
- Managers can adjust these principles based on the size, nature, and culture of the organization.
- This flexibility allows businesses to adapt to dynamic environments.
(4) Expectations of society towards business are changing.
Justification:
- Earlier, the only aim of business was profit maximization.
- Today, society expects businesses to be socially responsible (CSR).
- People expect businesses to protect the environment, pay fair wages, and ensure consumer safety.
- Awareness about rights and sustainability has shifted expectations from purely economic to socio-economic goals.
Q. 7. Answer the following (Any TWO): [10 Marks]
(1) Explain the functions of an Entrepreneur.
Answer:
- Innovation: The entrepreneur is an innovator who introduces new products, new methods of production, or opens new markets.
- Determination of Objectives: He determines the primary and secondary objectives of the enterprise.
- Development of Market: He conducts market research to understand consumer demand and markets his products effectively.
- New Technology: An entrepreneur adopts the latest technology to improve quality and reduce costs.
- Good Relations: Maintaining healthy relations with employees, suppliers, and customers is crucial for success.
(2) Explain the importance of marketing to consumers.
Answer:
- Promotes Product Awareness: Marketing informs consumers about different products, their features, and prices.
- Provides Quality Products: Competitive marketing ensures that businesses strive to offer better quality goods to retain customers.
- Variety of Products: Marketing brings goods from different parts of the world, offering consumers a wide range of choices.
- Regular Supply: Efficient marketing channels (warehousing, transport) ensure goods are available when needed.
- Consumer Satisfaction: The ultimate goal of modern marketing is consumer satisfaction, leading to better after-sales service.
(3) Explain principles of Scientific Management.
Answer: Proposed by F.W. Taylor:
- Science, Not Rule of Thumb: Decisions should be based on scientific analysis, not past experience or guesswork.
- Harmony, Not Discord: There should be mutual understanding between management and workers.
- Mental Revolution: A complete change in attitude where both parties realize they need each other.
- Cooperation, Not Individualism: Teamwork and mutual trust should replace internal competition.
- Division of Responsibility: Proper division of work between managers (planning) and workers (execution).
Q. 8. Answer the following question in detail (Any ONE): [8 Marks]
(1) What is Marketing Mix? Explain 7 Ps of Marketing Mix.
Answer:
Meaning: Marketing Mix is the combination of different marketing variables that the firm blends and controls to achieve the desired result from the target market.
The 7 Ps of Marketing Mix are:
- Product: The goods or services offered to the customer. It involves design, features, quality, and packaging. The product must satisfy consumer needs.
- Price: The amount of money customers pay to obtain the product. Pricing strategies depend on cost, demand, and competition. It is crucial for revenue.
- Place: Refers to distribution channels. It ensures the product is available at the right place and time via transport and warehousing.
- Promotion: Activities used to communicate the product's features. It includes advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, and public relations.
- People: Refers to all human actors who play a part in service delivery, including employees and other customers. Skilled staff is vital for services.
- Process: The actual procedures, mechanisms, and flow of activities by which the service is delivered. Standardized processes ensure consistent quality.
- Physical Evidence: The environment in which the service is delivered (e.g., furniture, decor, uniforms). It helps consumers evaluate intangible services.
(2) What is a Bank? Explain the primary functions of commercial banks.
Answer:
Definition: A bank is a financial institution that deals in money and credit. It accepts deposits from the public and grants loans.
Primary Functions:
- Accepting Deposits:
- Demand Deposits: Withdrawable on demand (Savings Account, Current Account).
- Time Deposits: Repayable after a fixed period (Fixed Deposit, Recurring Deposit).
- Granting Loans and Advances:
- Loans: Short, medium, or long-term loans for specific purposes.
- Advances: Credit facilities like Overdraft (for current accounts), Cash Credit, and Discounting of Bills of Exchange.
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