Complete English Grammar Guide: Figures of Speech, Voice, & Practice Exercises

Complete Class 12 English Grammar Guide: Figures of Speech, Voice, Speech, & Practice

Target Audience: Class 12 Students, Teachers, and English Grammar Learners.

Summary: A complete, word-for-word reconstruction of the provided grammar workbook. This document includes comprehensive definitions (with Hindi translations), detailed Figure of Speech analysis for 8 specific poems, rules for Question Tags, Direct/Indirect Speech, Active/Passive Voice, Parts of Speech, and a fully solved 25-question practice set.

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1. Figures of Speech

Definition

A figure of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its literal definition. It can be a metaphor or simile designed to make a comparison. It can be the repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of hyperbole to provide a dramatic effect. There are a wealth of these literary tools in the English language.

Note (Hindi): परिभाषा-किसी भी साधारण सी बात को अधिक प्रभावशाली या आकर्षक ढंग से कहने के लिए ही Figure of Speech का use किया जाता है.

Types and Examples

• Simile (Direct Comparison):
  Example: The man fought like a Lion. (Man is compared to lion directly) .
• Metaphor (Indirect Comparison):
  Example: The man was a Lion. (Man is compared to lion Indirectly) .
• Alliteration (Letters are Repeated):
  Example: Four fools fell in a fountain. (The letter 'f' is repeated for Poetic effect) .
• Repetition (Words are Repeated):
  Example: Time after Time. (The word "time" is repeated for Poetic effect) .
• Personification (Human Qualities given to a non-living thing):
  Example: The fan is running. ("Running" is a human quality given to a fan) .
• Onomatopoeia (Sounds written in words):
  Example: Down sank the bell with a gurgling sound. ("gurgling" is a sound written in word) .
• Interrogative (Question Sentence (?)):
  Example: Is anybody happier because you pass his way? (The sentence expresses a question) .
• Exclamation (Expression + !):
  Example: I got A in my report! (The sentence expresses a sudden expression) .
• Apostrophe (Expression + somebody + !):
  Example: Hey moon! Give us some moonlight. (The sentence expresses a sudden expression including someone else) .
• Climax (Words are arranged in Ascending order):
  Example: She walked, ran and conquered. (The words are arranged in ascending order of priority) .
• Anti-climax (Words are arranged in Descending Order):
  Example: He lost his wife, ring and wallet. (The words are arranged in descending order of priority) .
• Hyperbole (Over exaggerated statement):
  Example: She cried so much that rivers were flowing. (an over exaggerated statement) .
• Antithesis (Exact Opposite words are used):
  Example: United we stand, Divided we fall. ('United' and 'Divided' are exact opposite words to each other) .
• Pun (One word conveying different meanings):
  Example: I have got a date. (The word 'date' conveys 2 meanings i.e. appointment and partner) .
• Paradox (Truth is revealed in a ridiculous manner):
  Example: A teacher must be cruel. (Truth is revealed in a ridiculous manner) .

2. Poem Analysis: Figures of Speech

Poem 2.1 'Song of the Open Road'

Examples	Figures of Speech	Explanation
"Afoot and light-hearted I take to the open road"	Inversion Metaphor	The words are not in a correct order. The order is: I take to the open road afoot and light hearted. The road is implicitly compared with journey of life.
"Healthy, free, the world before me"	Inversion	The words are not in a correct order. The order is: The healthy and free world before me.
"The long brown path before me leading wherever I choose."	Symbol Alliteration	The brown path is used as symbol for the road. The letter 'b' and 'l' is repeated here pleasingly.
"Henceforth I ask not good-fortune, I myself am good-fortune"	Personification Repetition	The lifeless thing is treated here as human being. The words 'good fortune' are repeated here pleasingly.
"Henceforth I whimper no more, postpone no more, need nothing"	Repetition Climax	The words 'no more' are repeated here pleasingly. The words are arranged here in ascending order.
"Done with indoor complaints, libraries, querulous criticisms"	Alliteration Climax Tautology	The sound 'k' is repeated here pleasingly. The words are arranged here in ascending order. The same meaning words are repeated (querulous criticisms).
"Strong and content, I travel the open road."	Inversion	The words are not in a correct order. The order is: I travel the open road Strong and content.
"I do not want the constellations any nearer"	Inversion	The words are not in a correct order. The order is: I do not want any nearer constellations.
"The earth, that is sufficient"	Metaphor	The earth is implicitly compared with adequate.
"I know they are very well where they are, I know they suffice for those who belong to them."	Repetition Alliteration	The words 'I know' and 'they are' are repeated here pleasingly. The letter 'w' is repeated here pleasingly.
"Still here I carry my old delicious burdens"	Paradox Metaphor	The absurd statement is made here. 'Delicious burdens' is implicitly compared with memories.
"I carry them, men and women, I carry them with me wherever I go"	Antithesis Repetition Alliteration	'Men' and 'women' are opposite words. The words 'I carry' are repeated here pleasingly. The letter 'm' and 'w' is repeated here pleasingly.
"I am fill'd with them, and I will fill them in return"	Repetition	The word 'fill' is repeated here pleasingly.

Poem 2.2 'Indian Weavers'

Examples	Figures of Speech	Explanation
"Weavers, weaving at break of day, Why do you weave a garment so gay?"	Alliteration Interrogation	The sound 'W' is repeated here pleasingly. The question is asked here.
"...break of day"	Symbol	The word 'break of day' is used in a symbolic meaning of birth.
"Weavers, weaving at break of day"	Metaphor	'Break of day' is implicitly compared with birth.
"Blue as the wing of a halcyon wild, We weave the robes of a new-born child."	Simile Alliteration Imagery Symbol	The indirect comparison is made here between Blue and colour of halcyon's wing. The sound 'W' is repeated here pleasingly. The words "blue" and "wing of a bird" are visual images. The word blue stands for innocence. The word halcyon stands for creation.
"Weavers, weaving at fall of night, Why do you weave a garment so bright?"	Alliteration Interrogation Symbol	The sound 'W' is repeated here pleasingly. The question is asked here. The word 'fall of night' is used in a symbolic meaning of 'youth'.
"Weavers, weaving at fall of night"	Metaphor	'Fall of night' is indirectly compared with Adulthood / Youth.
"Like the plumes of a peacock, purple and green, We weave the marriage-veils of a queen."	Alliteration Simile Imagery	The sound 'p, w' repeated here pleasingly. The indirect comparison is made here between peacock's plumes and marriage-veils. The words "the plumes of a peacock" and "purple and green" are visual images.
"Weavers, weaving solemn and still, What do you weave in the moonlight chill"	Alliteration Inversion Symbol	The letter 'w', 's' is repeated here pleasingly. The words are not in a proper order. The proper order of phrase is in the chill moonlight. The word 'chill moonlight' is used in a symbolic meaning of 'death'.
"White as a feather and white as a cloud, We weave a dead man's funeral shroud"	Alliteration Imagery Simile Repetition	The letter 'W' is repeated here pleasingly. The words "white feather" and "white cloud" are visual images. The indirect comparison is made here between white and feather, cloud. The word 'white as' is repeated pleasingly.

Poem 2.3 'Inchcape Rock'

Examples	Figures of Speech	Explanation
"No stir in the air, no stir in the sea."	Repetition	The word 'no stir' is repeated here pleasingly.
"The ship was as still as she could be."	Simile Alliteration	The indirect comparison is made here. The sound 's' is repeated here pleasingly.
"Her sails from heaven received no motion, Her keel was steady in the ocean."	Alliteration Repetition	The sound 'h' is repeated here pleasingly. The word 'her' is repeated here pleasingly.
"Without either sign or sound of their shock"	Alliteration	The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly.
"The waves flow'd over the Inchcape Rock"	Archaism	The word 'flow'd' (flowed) is an old English word.
"So little they rose, so little they fell."	Antithesis Repetition	Opposite words are used here for emphasis. The word 'So little they' is repeated here pleasingly.
"The Abbot of Aberbrothok"	Alliteration	The letter 'A' is repeated here pleasingly.
"On a buoy in the storm it floated and swung"	Personification	The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
"And over the waves its warning rung."	Alliteration Inversion	The sound 'W' is repeated here pleasingly. The words are not in a correct order. Order: Its warning rung over waves.
"When the Rock was hid by the surge's swell"	Alliteration	The sound 's' is repeated here pleasingly.
"And then they knew the perilous Rock, And blest the Abbot of Aberbrothok."	Alliteration	The letter 'A, t' is repeated here pleasingly.
"The Sun in heaven was shining gay, All things were joyful on that day;"	Personification	The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
"The sea-birds scream'd as they wheel'd round..."	Alliteration Archaism	The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly. 'Scream'd' (screamed), 'wheel'd' (wheeled) are old English words.
"Sir Ralph the Rover, walk'd his deck, And he fix'd his eye on the darker speck."	Alliteration Archaism	The sound 'r' repeated here pleasingly. 'Walk'd' (walked), 'fix'd' (fixed) are old English words.
"He felt the cheering power of spring."	Personification	The lifeless thing is treated here as human being. Spring cannot cheer but humans are able to cheer.

Poem 2.4 'Have you Earned your Tomorrow'

Examples	Figures of Speech	Explanation
"Is anybody happier because you passed his way?"	Interrogation	The question is asked here.
"Does anyone remember that you spoke to him today?"	Interrogation	The question is asked here.
"This day is almost over, and its toiling time is through;"	Alliteration	The sound 't' repeated here pleasingly.
"Is there anyone to utter now a kindly word of you?"	Interrogation	The question is asked here.
"Did you give a cheerful greeting to the friend who came along?"	Interrogation	The question is asked here.
"Or a churlish sort of 'Howdy' and then vanish in the throng?"	Interrogation Alliteration	The question is asked here. The sound 't' repeated here pleasingly.
"Were you selfish pure and simple as you rushed along the way,"	Inversion	The words are not in a proper order. Order: You were pure selfish and simple as the way rushed along.
"Or is someone mighty grateful for a deed you did today?"	Interrogation Alliteration	The question is asked here. The sound 'd' repeated here pleasingly.
"That you helped a single brother of the many that you passed?"	Interrogation Synecdoche	The question is asked here. Brother, a part, represents the whole human being.
"Can you say tonight, in parting with the days that's slipping fast"	Personification	The lifeless thing day is treated here as animated quality slipping fast.
"Does a man whose hopes were fading now with courage look ahead?"	Interrogation Antithesis Inversion	The question is asked here. The contradictory words 'fade' and 'courage' are used here. Order: Does a man whose hopes were fading now look ahead with courage?
"Is a single heart rejoicing over what you did or said;"	Synecdoche Interrogation	'Single heart' a part represents to whole human beings. The question is asked here.
"Did you waste the day, or lose it; was it well or sorely spent?"	Alliteration Antithesis	The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly. The contradictory words 'well' and 'sore' are used here.
"Did you leave a trail of kindness or a scar of discontent?"	Interrogation Antithesis Metaphor	The question is asked here. The contradictory words 'kindness' and 'discontent' are used here. 'Discontent' is implicitly compared with a scar.
"As you close your eyes in slumber do you think that God would say"	Personification	God is treated here as animated quality able to speak.
"You have earned one more tomorrow by the work you did today?"	Antithesis	The contradictory words 'tomorrow' and 'today' are used here.

Poem 2.5 'Father Returning Home'

Examples	Figures of Speech	Explanation
"My father travels on the late evening train"	Alliteration	The sound 't' repeated here pleasingly.
"Standing among silent commuters in the yellow light"	Alliteration	The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly.
"Suburbs slide past his unseeing eyes."	Alliteration Paradox Personification	The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly. One would not refer to eyes as not being able to see. This is an absurd statement. Suburbs are shown as sliding past (human quality).
"His shirt and pants are soggy and his black raincoat"	Alliteration Metaphor	The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly. Black raincoat is implicitly compared with dullness.
"Stained with mud and his bag stuffed with books Is falling apart."	Alliteration	The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly.
"His eyes dimmed by age Fade homeward through the humid monsoon night."	Metaphor Alliteration	Dimmed eyes are implicitly compared with tiredness. The sound 'h' repeated here pleasingly.
"Now I can see him getting off the train Like a word dropped from a long sentence."	Simile	The indirect comparison is made here. Between father's getting off and a dropping word.
"He hurries across the length of the grey platform,"	Alliteration Metaphor	The sound 'h' repeated here pleasingly. Grey platform is implicitly compared with old age.
"His chappals are sticky with mud, but he hurries onward."	Alliteration	The sound 'h' repeated here pleasingly.
"I see him drinking weak tea."	Personification	The lifeless thing is treated here as human being.
"...Eating a stale chapati, reading a book."	Code-mixing	Used Hindi (chapati) and English Word together.
"Man's estrangement from a man-made world"	Alliteration Repetition	The sound 'm' repeated here pleasingly. The word 'man' is repeated.
"A few droplets cling to the greying hair on his wrists."	Alliteration Synecdoche	The sound 'h' repeated here pleasingly. Grey hair a part represents whole old age.
"Listening to the static on the radio"	Symbolism Onomatopoeia	The sentence is used in a symbolic meaning of 'escape from this mean world'. The word 'static' denotes the tuning sound of radio.
"His sullen children have often refused to share Jokes and secrets with him."	Alliteration Synecdoche	The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly. Jokes and secrets, a part, represents to whole details of lives.

Poem 2.6 'Money'

Examples	Figures of Speech	Explanation
"When I had money, money, O!"	Repetition Apostrophe	The word 'money' is repeated here pleasingly. The feelings represented by an exclamation.
"For many false man as a friend Came knocking all day at my door."	Inversion Hyperbole	Order: For many false man came knocking at my door as a friend all day. This is an over statement.
"Then felt I like a child that holds"	Simile Inversion	The indirect comparison is made here. Feeling are like child. Order: Then I felt like a child that holds.
"Much have I thought of life and seen"	Inversion	Order: I thought much of life and seen.
"And how their wives do hum like bees"	Simile Onomatopoeia	The indirect comparison is made here. Between wife and bees. The sound is expressed in a word 'hum'.
"About their work from morn till night."	Antithesis	Opposite words are used here for emphasis.
"So, when I hear these poor ones laugh, And see the rich ones coldly frown"	Antithesis Repetition	Opposite words are used here for emphasis. The word 'ones' is repeated here pleasingly.
"Poor men, think I, need not go up So much as rich men should come down"	Antithesis Inversion Simile	Opposite words are used here for emphasis. Order: I think, poor man need not go up So much as rich men should come down. The indirect comparison is made here. Between poor and rich.
"My many friends proved all untrue"	Inversion	Order: My many friends proved untrue all.
"But now I have no money, O!"	Apostrophe	The feelings represented by an exclamation.
"Not speak to this false world know"	Metonymy	The word 'world' represents people. World and people are closely associated.

Poem 2.7 'She Walks in Beauty'

Examples	Figures of Speech	Explanation
"She walks in beauty, like the night"	Simile	The indirect comparison is made here. Between walking beauty and night.
"Of cloudless climes and starry skies"	Alliteration	The sound 's, c' repeated here pleasingly.
"And all that's best of dark and bright"	Antithesis	Opposite words are used here for emphasis.
"Meet in her aspect and her eyes"	Repetition	The word 'her' is repeated here pleasingly.
"Thus mellowed to that tender light Which heaven to gaudy day denies."	Alliteration Personification	The sound 't, d' repeated here pleasingly. The lifeless thing is treated here as human being. Light is treated as tenderly.
"One shade the more, one ray the less,"	Antithesis Repetition	Opposite words (less/more) are used here for emphasis. The word 'one' is repeated here pleasingly.
"Had half impaired the nameless grace"	Alliteration	The sound 'h' repeated here pleasingly.
"Which waves in every raven tress Or softly lightens o'er her face"	Alliteration Archaism (Syncope)	The sound 'w' repeated here pleasingly. The word o'er mean over. It is an old English word.
"Where thoughts serenely sweet express, How pure, how dear their dwelling-place."	Alliteration Repetition Metaphor	The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly. The word 'how' is repeated here pleasingly. Mind is implicitly compared with dwelling-place.
"And on that cheek, and o'er that brow"	Archaism (Syncope) Repetition	The word o'er mean over. It is an old English word. The word 'and', 'that' is repeated here pleasingly.
"So soft, so calm, yet eloquent"	Repetition Alliteration	The word 'so' is repeated here pleasingly. The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly.
"The smiles that win, the tints that glow"	Repetition Personification Alliteration	The word 'the that' is repeated here pleasingly. Smile treated here as winning and tint. The sound 't' repeated here pleasingly.
"But tell of days in goodness spent"	Inversion	Order: But tell of days spent in goodness.
"A mind at peace with all below"	Synecdoche	The word 'mind' a part represents the woman as whole.

Poem 2.8 'Small Towns and Rivers'

Examples	Figures of Speech	Explanation
"My hometown lies calmly amidst the trees"	Personification	Hometown is treated as human lying calmly.
"it is always the same, in summer or winter, with the dust flying"	Climax Personification Antithesis	The words are arranged here in ascending order. Dust has been personified by showing - flying. Summer/winter are opposite words used here for emphasis.
"or the wind howling down the gorge"	Personification Onomatopoeia	Wind has been personified by showing howling. The word 'howling' denotes sound word.
"In the dreadful silence we wept"	Antithesis Alliteration Inversion	Silence/wept are opposite words used here for emphasis. The sound 'w' repeated here pleasingly. Order: We wept in the dreadful silence.
"looking at the sad wreath of tuberoses"	Personification	'Sad wreath' has been personified.
"Life and death, life and death,"	Repetition Antithesis	The word life/death is repeated here pleasingly. Life/death are opposite words used here for emphasis.
"The river has a soul."	Personification	River has been personified by showing has a soul.
"In the summer it cuts through the land like a torrent of grief."	Simile Personification Metaphor	Comparison between River and its flow. River has been personified by showing cutting through land. Grief is implicitly compared with a torrent.
"Sometimes, sometimes, I think it holds its breath seeking a land of fish and stars"	Repetition Personification Alliteration	The word 'sometimes' is repeated here pleasingly. River has a breath. The sound 's' repeated here pleasingly.
"the river knows the immortality of water."	Personification	River treated as human.
"It knows, stretching past the town,"	Personification	River treated as human by showing 'Knows'.
"from the first drop of rain to dry earth"	Alliteration	The sound 'f, d' repeated here pleasingly.

3. Question Tag

Definition & Rules

A tag question is a small question that is attached, or "tagged", to the end of a sentence. Rather than repeat the main verb, a form of "be" or other auxiliary verb or modal is used in the tag.

1. COPY THE GIVEN SENTENCE.
2. PUT A COMMA (,).
3. USE HELPING VERB. (Helping Verb वे होती हैं, जो वाक्य को बताने में हेल्प करती हैं कि वाक्य Present (वर्तमान) में है, Past (भूतकाल) में है या Future (भविष्य) में है।)
4. USE A PRONOUN. (अर्थात किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान आदि, के नाम के स्थान पर करते हैं)
5. PUT A QUESTION TAG (?).

Examples

Question	Answer
1) I am a teacher.	I am a teacher, aren't I?
2) I am not a student.	I am not a student, am I?
3) You are the best student.	You are the best student, aren't you?
4) You are not a dull boy.	You are not a dull boy, are you?
5) He is my dearest brother.	He is my dearest brother, isn't he?
6) He is not my best friend.	He is not my best friend, is he?
7) She was reading a book.	She was reading a book, wasn't she?
8) She wasn't writing her homework.	She wasn't writing her homework, was she?
9) It will help you.	It will help you, won't it?
10) It won't help you.	It won't help you, will it?
11) We shall come tomorrow.	We shall come tomorrow, shan't we?
12) We shall never go there.	We shall never go there, shall we?
13) They can come anytime.	They can come anytime, can't they?
14) They cannot come.	They cannot come, can they?

4. Direct & Indirect Speech

Definition

Direct Speech: Direct speech is exactly what it sounds like—text that reports the exact thoughts expressed by a person in their original form. It is often enclosed in quotation marks.

(जब वक्ता द्वारा कही गयी बात को ज्यों का त्यों किसी को व्यक्त करते हैं, तो उसे Direct Speech कहा जाता है।)

Indirect Speech: Indirect speech is also known as reported speech, indirect narration, or indirect discourse. In grammar, when you report someone else's statement in your own words without any change in the meaning of the statement, it is called indirect speech.

(जब हम वक्ता द्वारा कहे गये कथन को अपने शब्दों में व्यक्त करते हैं तो उसे Indirect speech कहते हैं।)

Conversion Table

DIRECT SPEECH	INDIRECT SPEECH
He said, "I live in the city center." (present simple)	He said he lived in the city center.
He said, "I'm going out." (present continuous)	He said he was going out.
He said, "I've finished." (present perfect)	He said he had finished.
He said, "I've been studying a lot." (present perfect continuous)	He said he had been studying a lot.
He said, "I arrived before you." (past simple)	He said he had arrived before you.
He said, "I had already left." (past perfect)	He said he had already left.
He said, "I'll be there at 2pm." (future simple)	He said he would be there at 2pm.
He said, "I'm going to call Alan." (be going to)	He said he was going to call Alan.
She said, "I can swim."	She said she could swim.
She said, "I must go."	She said she had to go.
She said, "I may drive there."	She said she might drive there.
She said, "Shall we start?"	She asked if we should start.
She said, "I'll call you."	She said she would call me.

5. Active & Passive Voice

Definition

A subject is an agent who performs the verb on the object.

Active voice: When a subject is directly acting on the object, the sentence is written in Active voice.

(Active Voice : कर्ता उसे सीधे तौर पर करे. इस में मुख्य फोकस Subject पर होता है.)

Example: Ram is writing a letter. (Active Voice) इसमें मुख्य फोकस राम पर है.

Passive voice: When the object is acted upon by the subject, the sentence is written in Passive voice.

(Passive Voice: या उसे कर्ता द्वारा होते हुए दिखाया जाए. इसमें मुख्य फोकस Object पर होता है.)

Example: A letter is being written by Ram. (Passive Voice) इसमें मुख्य फोकस पत्र पर है.

Examples

Active Voice Examples	Passive Voice Examples
Mohan sings a song	A song is sung by Mohan
Sita reads a book	A book is read by Sita
He writes a letter	A letter is written by him
She plays cricket	Cricket is played by her
He sells book	Books are sold by him
I have made some tea	Tea has been made by me

6. Types of Sentences

• Positive Sentence: Also known as an affirmative sentence, it makes a statement about something that is 'so'.
• Negative Sentence: A sentence that states that something is false. In English, we create negative sentences by adding the word 'not' after the auxiliary, or helping, verb.
• Assertive Sentence: A sentence that states a fact. Such sentences are simple statements. They state, assert, or declare something. Also called declarative sentences. They usually end with a period or full stop.
• Exclamatory Sentence: Also known as an exclamation sentence or an exclamative clause, is a statement that expresses strong emotion. Typically ends with an exclamation mark.
• Interrogative Sentence: A sentence that asks a question. Can be direct or indirect, begin with or without pronouns, and feature yes/no interrogatives, alternative questions, or tag questions.

7. Parts of Speech

• Noun: Nouns are a person, place, thing, or idea. They can take on a myriad of roles in a sentence, from the subject of it all to the object of an action. They are capitalized when they're the official name of something or someone, called proper nouns.
  Examples: pirate, Caribbean, ship, freedom, Captain Jack Sparrow.
• Pronoun: Pronouns stand in for nouns in a sentence. They are more generic versions of nouns that refer only to people.
  Examples: I, you, he, she, it, ours, them, who, which, anybody, ourselves.
• Verb: Verbs are action words that tell what happens in a sentence. They can also show a sentence subject's state of being (is, was).
  Examples: sing, dance, believes, seemed, finish, eat, drink, be, became.
• Adjective: Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns. They specify which one, how much, what kind, and more.
  Examples: hot, lazy, funny, unique, bright, beautiful, poor, smooth.
• Adverb: Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, and even other adverbs. They specify when, where, how, and why something happened and to what extent or how often.
  Examples: softly, lazily, often, only, hopefully, softly, sometimes.
• Preposition: Prepositions show special, temporal, and role relations between a noun or pronoun and the other words in a sentence.
  Examples: up, over, against, by, for, into, close to, out of, apart from.
• Conjunction: Conjunctions join words, phrases, and clauses in a sentence.
  Examples: and, but, or, so, yet, with.

8. Grammar Practice (Solved)

1. He shook his head regretfully. (Use the word regret and rewrite the sentence) Ans: He shook his head with regret.

2. If you find my answers satisfactory, will you give me five rupees? (Use the word -satisfaction) Ans: If my answers give you satisfaction, will you give me 5 rupees?

3. He had to leave home without telling anyone. (Use modal auxiliary showing obligation) Ans: He must leave home without telling anyone.

4. Tell me something worthwhile. (Identify the type of sentence) Ans: Imperative Sentence.

5. You can't get out of it now. (Use - be able to) Ans: You are not able to get out of it now.

6. What is Big Data? (Write the type of the sentence) Ans: Interrogative Sentence.

7. Advertisers are one of the biggest players in Big Data. (Begin the sentence with 'Very few') Ans: Very few players in Big Data are as big as advertisers.

8. No other diagnosis is as good as the diagnosis done with the help of Big Data. (Use 'best' and rewrite the sentence) Ans: The diagnosis done with the help of the big data is the best diagnosis.

9. These internet giants provide the greatest data about people. (Use 'greater than' and rewrite the sentence) Ans: These internet giants provide greater data about people than any other.

10. She could not face the whole horror. (Make affirmative) Ans: She was unable to face the whole horror.

11. She saw the truth. (Change the voice) Ans: The truth was seen by her.

12. "Mabel's got a new dress!" he said. (Make indirect speech) Ans: He said that Mabel had git a new dress.

13. What a fright she looks! (Make assertive sentence) Ans: She looks a real fright.

14. How dull! (Make assertive sentence) Ans: It was very dull.

15. I barely walked around 15 metres and stopped. (Make it simple sentence) Ans: Barely walking around 15 metres I stopped.

16. It is an elusive animal. (Make it exclamatory sentence) Ans: What an elusive animal it is!

17. I kept walking straight until I climbed a familiar hillock. (Identify the tense) Ans: Simple Past Tense.

18. There must be a village nearby. (Use modal auxiliary showing certainty) Ans: There will be a village nearby.

19. The jungle had taken a toll on him. (Begin the sentence with - 'A toll on him') Ans: A toll on him had been by the jungle.

20. Few of us ever forget the connection between "travel" and "travail." (Find preposition) Ans: Between.

21. You can teach them what they have to celebrate. (Frame a wh- question to get underlined words as answer) Ans: What can you teach them?

22. My spoken English was quite pathetic. (Make exclamatory sentence) Ans: How Pathetic my Spoken English Was!

23. And we travel to fill in the gaps left by tomorrow's headlines. (Write the linking word.) Ans: Linking Word- And

24. I felt extremely humiliated and upset. (Make exclamatory sentence) Ans: How humiliated and and upset I felt!

25. I wanted to speak excellent, elegant and fluent English. (Find adjectives) Ans: Adjectives: Excellent, Elegant, Fluent.

10th English Compound Words (Q.11) Study Material & Exercises

Q.11 Compound Words

The following table:

Word 1	Word 2	Compound word
air	port	airport
hand	written	handwritten
over	load	overload
child	hood	childhood
safe	guard	safeguard
type	write	typewrite
soft	ware	software
walking	stick	walking stick
fast	food	fast food
water	fall	water fall
cricket	ground	cricket ground
head	light	headlight
wind	screen	wind screen
eye	brow	eye brow
car	park	car park
second	class	second class
nice	man	nice man
honest	man	honest man
wise	man	wise man
tall	girl	tall girl
short	hand	short hand
driving	licence	driving licence
walking	stick	walking stick
dining	hall	dining hall
reading	room	reading room
resting	hall	resting hall
cloak	room	cloak room
after	noon	afternoon
fore	sight	fore sight
over	coat	over coat

Exercises

1. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word 'watch' to form a compound word. (MDL-19)

• a) hall
• b) house
• c) man
• d) clock

2. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word alarm to form a compound word. (PTA - 1)

• a) sound
• b) clock
• c) time
• d) watch

3. Choose the suitable option to pair with green to form a compound word. (PTA - 2)

• a) dress
• b) house
• c) glass
• d) pen

4. Choose the suitable option to pair it with the word traffic to form a compound word. (PTA-3)

• a) police
• b) signal
• c) jam
• d) light

5. Choose the suitable option to pair it with 'boarding' to form a compound word. (PTA-4)

• a) pause
• b) pass
• c) parts
• d) fast

6. Choose the suitable option to pair with 'sea' to form a compound word. (PTA - 5)

• a) shine
• b) shore
• c) soar
• d) pool

7. Choose the suitable option that do not pair with life to form a compound word. (PTA - 6)

• a) skill
• b) time
• c) boat
• d) leave

Maharashtra HSC Board English Question Paper Solution March 2024 (N 580) - Complete Answer Key

Section I: Language Study

Q.1 (A) A1. Do as directed (any four):

(1) Pick out the infinitive from the following sentence: Every child is free to grow.

Answer: to grow

---

(2) Write the collocations for the following:

ticket ...................................

Answer: ticket collector / railway ticket / movie ticket

................................... drizzle.

Answer: light drizzle / steady drizzle

---

(3) Punctuate the following sentence: dr kalam sat contemplating deeply

Answer: Dr. Kalam sat contemplating deeply.

---

(4) Write any two present participles in which the last letter is doubled.

Answer: running, sitting, swimming, cutting, putting (Any two)

---

(5) Find out any two hidden words of minimum four letters from the given word: reverberated.

Answer: ever, rate, date, tear, bear, rare, beat, treat, breed (Any two)

A2. Do as directed (any two):

(1) Identify the verb in the given sentence and state whether it’s finite or non-finite: He gave the reward to none.

Verb: gave

Type: Finite Verb

---

(2) Make two meaningful sentences to bring out the difference between the given two homophones: ware, wear

Answer:

• Ware: The shop sells pottery and ceramic ware.
• Wear: I like to wear comfortable clothes while traveling.

---

(3) Rewrite the sentence using ‘as soon as’: No sooner is the bill passed than it will become an act.

Answer: As soon as the bill is passed, it will become an act.

(B) Do as directed (any one):

(1) Use the given two words into one meaningful sentence: Rest; routine

Answer: After following a strict routine for months, I finally took some rest.

(2) Change the following sentence into a compound sentence: I awoke late next morning to find that Anil had already made the tea.

Answer: I awoke late next morning and found that Anil had already made the tea.

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Section II: Textual Passages

Q.2 (A) Read the following passage and do the given activities:

A1. Name the following with reference to the passage:

Activity	Name
(i) The company started by the narrator and Woz.	Apple
(ii) The second company started by the narrator.	Next (or NeXT)
(iii) An amazing woman the narrator fell in love with.	Laurene
(iv) World’s most successful animation studio.	Pixar

A2. Complete the following web diagram:

Advice given by Steve Jobs

Don't lose faith

Love what you do

The theme of Jobs' second story

Love and Loss

A3. Fill in the blanks choosing the correct phrases in their proper form from the bracket: (to get fired, devastating, begin to dawn on)

(i) On committing persistent mistakes the employee ........................ from his post.

Answer: got fired

(ii) When the teacher explained the solution of the problems in Maths, it ....................... the students that the problems were easy.

Answer: began to dawn on

A4. Do as directed:

(i) Identify the tense of the underlined verb: If you haven’t found yet, keep looking.

Answer: Present Perfect Tense

(ii) "I found what I loved to do early in life." (Identify the main and subordinate clause.)

Main Clause: I found

Subordinate Clause: what I loved to do early in life (Noun Clause)

A5. ‘Failure is the key to success.’ Explain in your own words.

Sample Answer: Failure is often considered a stepping stone to success because it teaches us valuable lessons that success cannot. When we fail, we analyze our mistakes, build resilience, and strive to improve. As seen in Steve Jobs' life, getting fired from Apple led him to his most creative period, founding Pixar and Next. Thus, failure provides the experience necessary for future triumphs.

---

(B) Read the following passage and complete the activities:

B1. State whether the given statements are true or false:

(i) The age of the girl was six.	False (She was about sixteen)
(ii) The boy on the bed was fast asleep.	False (He was not asleep)
(iii) Pandit Ravi Shankar was a tabla maestro.	False (He was a sitar maestro)
(iv) She had seen how the doctors had shaken their heads gravely.	True

B2. Complete the following statements giving reasons:

(i) Anant was better than his sister in playing sitar because .................

Answer: he was already able to compose his own tunes to the astonishment of their Guru.

(ii) The girl was excited because ..............................

Answer: she read in the newspaper that Pandit Ravi Shankar was playing tomorrow at Shanmukhananda auditorium.

B3. Vocabulary:

(i) Find any two adverbs from the passage ending with ‘ly’

Answer: excitedly, gravely, endlessly, actually (Any two)

(ii) Find any two compound words from the passage.

Answer: newspaper, table-tennis, lifetime, self-reproach (Any two)

B4. Do as directed:

(i) “I’ve always wanted to hear him and see him,” he said. (Change into indirect speech).

Answer: He said that he had always wanted to hear him and see him.

(ii) His mother sprang to his side. (Add a question tag).

Answer: His mother sprang to his side, didn't she?

B5. Describe your experience of any musical concert that you have attended.

Sample Answer: I recently attended a live concert by A.R. Rahman in Mumbai. The atmosphere was electric with thousands of fans cheering. The lighting effects and the booming sound system created a mesmerizing experience. When he played his famous song "Jai Ho," the entire crowd sang along. It was an unforgettable night filled with energy and emotion.

Section III: Poetry

Q.3 (A) Read the following extract and do the given activities:

A1. Identify the stages in man’s life from the given description and complete the table:

Actions	Stage
(i) Full of strange oaths	Soldier
(ii) Creeping like a snail	Schoolboy
(iii) Sighing like furnace	Lover
(iv) Having fair round belly	Justice (Judge)

A2. Write down the similarities between the first and the 7th (last) stage of man’s life:

Answer:

1. Dependence: In both stages, man is helpless and dependent on others (nurse/caretaker).
2. Physical State: Both stages lack teeth, taste, and general senses ("Sans teeth, sans eyes...").
3. Unconsciousness: The infant is unaware of the world, and the old man enters "mere oblivion".

A3. Choose the correct alternative to identify the figure of speech used in the following line: "All the world’s a stage."

Answer: (b) Metaphor

(B) Poem Appreciation: The Height of the Ridiculous

Appreciation of the poem 'The Height of the Ridiculous'

Title: The Height of the Ridiculous

Poet: Oliver Wendell Holmes

Rhyme Scheme: The poem follows the rhyme scheme abcb.

Figures of Speech: The poem uses Hyperbole extensively (e.g., "I laughed as I would die", "waistband split"). It also uses Transferred Epithet ("sleepless eye") and Onomatopoeia ("chuckling", "roar").

Central Idea/Theme: The poem is a humorous narrative about the poet writing a poem so funny that it has physically dangerous effects on anyone who reads it. The theme revolves around the power of humor and the poet's mock regret, deciding never to be that funny again because it nearly killed his strong servant with laughter.

Section IV: Non-textual Passage

Q.4 (A) Read the following passage and complete the given activities:

A1. Complete the following web chart: Advantages of tourist destination in Kerala

Ayurvedic massages

Kathakali dance drama

Backwaters / Houseboats

Wildlife Sanctuaries / Nature

A2. Complete the following table:

City	Speciality
(i) Kochi	Oldest European church, Synagogue, Dutch Palace, Kathakali
(ii) Thekkady	Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Plantations (cardamom, tea, coffee)
(iii) Thiruvananthapuram	Padmanabhaswamy temple, Napier museum, Puttan Mallika Palace, Kovalam beach
(iv) Alleppey	Backwaters, Intricate network of canals

A3. Match the words in Column ‘A’ with their meanings in Column ‘B’:

Column A	Answer (Column B)
(i) Charm	(c) magical spell (used here as attraction)
(ii) Craggy	(d) steep
(iii) Reflect	(a) throw back light or heat
(iv) Spellbinding	(b) enthralling

*Note: In strict matching based on parts of speech: Charm (Noun) matches Magical Spell (Noun); Spellbinding (Adj) matches Enthralling (Adj).

A4. Do as directed:

(i) You can choose a place of your dreams. (Use the modal auxiliary showing compulsion)

Answer: You must choose a place of your dreams.

(ii) Kerala is the land of magic and ayurvedic massages. (Rewrite using ‘not only ... but also’)

Answer: Kerala is not only the land of magic but also ayurvedic massages.

A5. Why is tourism industry important for the Indian Economy to flourish?

Sample Answer: The tourism industry is vital for the Indian economy as it generates significant foreign exchange and revenue. It creates diverse employment opportunities, from hospitality to transportation. Furthermore, tourism promotes infrastructure development and helps preserve and showcase India's rich cultural heritage to the world.

(B) Summary Writing:

Kerala: A Traveler's Paradise

Kerala offers a diverse range of attractions for tourists, starting with the eclectic city of Kochi, known for its colonial history and Kathakali performances. Visitors can explore the capital, Thiruvananthapuram, with its temples and museums, or relax at Kovalam beach. The state is famous for its backwaters in Alleppey and the scenic beauty of Munnar's tea gardens. For nature lovers, Thekkady offers wildlife sanctuaries and spice plantations. Whether cruising the backwaters or enjoying ayurvedic massages, Kerala provides a unique and refreshing holiday experience.

Section V: Writing Skills

Q.5 (A) Letter Writing

A1. Formal Letter (To the Editor)

Soham Dargan
208, Swarnadham, Hira Colony,
Mumbai - 400052.

15th March, 2024

To,
The Editor,
The Times of India,
Mumbai - 400001.

Subject: Awareness about the role of sports in a student's life.

Sir,

Through the columns of your esteemed newspaper, I would like to draw attention to the diminishing importance of sports in the daily lives of students today. In an era driven by academic competition, physical activities are often sidelined.

Sports and games are not mere recreational activities; they are essential for holistic development. Participating in sports enhances capability and efficiency. It serves as an excellent stress buster, removing mental exhaustion caused by long study hours. Scientifically, sports improve blood circulation throughout the body, which contributes significantly to both physical and mental well-being.

Schools and parents must encourage students to dedicate time to outdoor games to ensure they grow into healthy, capable individuals. I hope this letter helps spread awareness about this crucial topic.

Yours truly,
Soham Dargan

Q.6 (A) Information Transfer: Verbal to Non-Verbal

Process of Sugar Manufacturing

Harvesting Sugar Beet (Autumn/Winter)

↓

Washing the Sugar Beet

↓

Slicing into thin strips (Cossettes)

↓

Mixing with hot water (Extraction)

↓

Adding lime solution (Removing impurities)

↓

Filtering, Heating, and Seeding with crystals

↓

Washing, Drying, and Cooling the crystals

↓

Delivery to customers (Industrial/Retail)

(B) B1. Drafting a Speech

Speech: Nothing is more important than self-study

Respected Principal, Teachers, and my dear friends,

A very good morning to all. Today, I stand before you to share my views on the topic, ‘Nothing is more important than self-study.’

While classroom teaching provides us with the foundation of knowledge, it is self-study that truly cements that knowledge. When we study on our own, we learn more efficiently because we can focus on areas where we are weak and skim through what we already know. Unlike a classroom setting where the pace is set by the teacher, self-study allows us to learn at our own pace.

Furthermore, self-study encourages curiosity. When we explore a topic ourselves, we tend to dig deeper, ask questions, and find answers, which leads to better retention. Most importantly, mastering a subject through one's own effort boosts a student's self-esteem and confidence. It makes us independent learners, a skill that is vital for success in higher education and life.

Therefore, I urge everyone to dedicate time daily to self-study. Thank you.

Section VI: Creative Writing

Q.7 (A) Attempt any one:

A2. News Report

CHILD LABOURERS RESCUED FROM STONE QUARRIES

Nagpur, March 14: In a major crackdown on illegal child labour, the local police, in collaboration with the NGO 'Bachpan Bachao', rescued 25 children from stone quarries on the outskirts of the district yesterday.

Acting on a tip-off, the raid was conducted early in the morning. The children, aged between 10 and 14, were found working in hazardous conditions, breaking stones under the scorching sun without any protective gear. Most of them were malnourished and suffering from respiratory issues due to constant exposure to stone dust.

"The quarry owners have been arrested under the Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act," said Senior Inspector Patil. The rescued children have been moved to a shelter home where they are receiving medical attention and counseling. The district administration has promised to ensure their rehabilitation and education.

(B) Developing a story / Narrating an experience:

B2. Narrating an experience (Ending with forgotten wallet)

A Dishwasher's Dilemma

It was my best friend's birthday, and since he was out of town, I decided to treat myself to a fancy dinner at the 'Grand Royale', the most luxurious hotel in the city. I dressed in my finest suit and walked in with confidence.

The ambience was breathtaking. I ordered a three-course meal—lobster bisque, grilled lamb chops, and a decadent chocolate truffle cake. The food was divine, and I savored every bite, feeling like royalty. As I finished the last crumb of the cake, I signaled the waiter for the bill.

The bill arrived in a sleek leather folder. I reached into my coat pocket to pull out my wallet, but my hand met empty space. My heart skipped a beat. I checked my trouser pockets, then the coat again. Panic set in as I realized the horrifying truth. I had left it on my dresser. I looked at the waiter smiling at me and felt cold sweat trickle down my back. After the sumptuous meal in a luxurious hotel, I discovered that I had forgotten my wallet at home.

Degrees of Comparison Flashcards: Practice & Exercises

Degrees of Comparison Flashcards

Tap on a card to reveal the answer or conversion.

What are the three forms, or 'degrees of comparison', in which an adjective can exist?

Tap to flip

Positive, comparative, and superlative.

What does the positive form of an adjective represent?

Tap to flip

The base form of the adjective, used when not making a comparison.

What does the comparative form of an adjective express?

Tap to flip

A higher degree of some quality, used when comparing two things.

What does the superlative form of an adjective express?

Tap to flip

The highest degree of a quality, used when comparing three or more things.

According to the 'Important Tip', which form of an adjective should be used when comparing exactly two things?

Tap to flip

The comparative form (e.g., 'bigger', 'more beautiful').

The superlative form of an adjective (e.g., 'biggest', 'most beautiful') is used for comparing how many items?

Tap to flip

Three or more items.

What are the comparative and superlative forms of the adjective 'Good'?

Tap to flip

Comparative: Better, Superlative: Best.

What are the comparative and superlative forms of the adjective 'Bad'?

Tap to flip

Comparative: Worse, Superlative: Worst.

What are the comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives 'Much' and 'Many'?

Tap to flip

Comparative: More, Superlative: Most.

What are the comparative and superlative forms of the adjective 'Little'?

Tap to flip

Comparative: Lesser, Superlative: Least.

What are the two different sets of comparative and superlative forms for the adjective 'Old'?

Tap to flip

For family: Elder, Eldest. For general use: Older, Oldest.

For adjectives like 'Beautiful' or 'Industrious', how are the comparative and superlative forms typically created?

Tap to flip

By adding 'More' for the comparative and 'Most' for the superlative.

A superlative sentence using 'the [adjective]-est' (e.g., 'the richest') can be changed to a comparative sentence using what phrase?

Tap to flip

...[adjective]-er than any other.

A superlative sentence using 'the [adjective]-est' (e.g., 'the tallest') can be changed to a positive sentence using what phrase?

Tap to flip

No other ... as [adjective] as.

A superlative sentence using 'one of the [adjective]-est' can be changed to a comparative sentence using what phrase?

Tap to flip

...[adjective]-er than many / most other.

A superlative sentence using 'one of the [adjective]-est' can be changed to a positive sentence using what phrase?

Tap to flip

Very few ... as [adjective] as.

Change the following superlative sentence to the comparative form:

'Raji is the richest woman in Mumbai.'

Tap to flip

Raji is richer than any other woman in Mumbai.

Change the following superlative sentence to the positive form:

'Australia is the largest island.'

Tap to flip

No other island is as large as Australia.

Change the following superlative sentence to the comparative form:

'Australia is one of the largest islands.'

Tap to flip

Australia is larger than many other islands.

Change the following comparative sentence to the positive form:

'Iron is stronger than many other metals.'

Tap to flip

Very few metals are as strong as Iron.

Change the following positive sentence to the comparative form:

'No one is as lazy as Raja.'

Tap to flip

Raja is lazier than anyone else.

Change the following comparative sentence to the positive form:

'Mango is sweeter than Apple.'

Tap to flip

Apple is not as sweet as Mango.

Change the following positive sentence to the comparative form:

'March is not as hot as June.'

Tap to flip

June is hotter than March.

Change the following positive sentence to the comparative form:

'The rose smells as sweet as the lily.'

Tap to flip

The lily does not smell sweeter than the rose.

Rewrite the sentence using the Superlative degree:

'Lead is heavier than any other metal.'

Tap to flip

Lead is the heaviest metal.

Rewrite the sentence using the Comparative degree:

'Very few cities in India are as big as Mumbai.'

Tap to flip

Mumbai is bigger than many other cities in India.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'The pen is mightier than the sword.'

Tap to flip

The sword is not as mighty as the pen.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.'

Tap to flip

No other peak in the world is as high as Mount Everest.

Rewrite the sentence using the Comparative degree:

'She is the smartest girl in the class.'

Tap to flip

She is smarter than any other girl in the class.

Rewrite the sentence using the Superlative degree:

'No other boy is as fast as Usain.'

Tap to flip

Usain is the fastest boy.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Greenland is the largest island in the world.'

Tap to flip

No other island in the world is as large as Greenland.

Rewrite the sentence using the Superlative degree:

'Shakespeare is greater than any other English poet.'

Tap to flip

Shakespeare is the greatest English poet.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Prevention is better than cure.'

Tap to flip

Cure is not as good as prevention.

Rewrite the sentence using the Superlative degree:

'Milk is more nourishing than any other food.'

Tap to flip

Milk is the most nourishing food.

Rewrite the sentence using the Comparative degree:

'Diamond is the hardest substance.'

Tap to flip

Diamond is harder than any other substance.

Rewrite the sentence using the Comparative degree:

'He is as strong as his brother.'

Tap to flip

His brother is not stronger than him.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'The airplane flies faster than birds.'

Tap to flip

Birds do not fly as fast as the airplane.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Gold is more precious than silver.'

Tap to flip

Silver is not as precious as Gold.

Rewrite the sentence using the Comparative degree:

'This is the oldest tree in the forest.'

Tap to flip

This tree is older than any other tree in the forest.

Rewrite the sentence using the Superlative degree:

'Very few cricketers were as great as Sachin.'

Tap to flip

Sachin was one of the greatest cricketers.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'This sum is easier than that one.'

Tap to flip

That sum is not as easy as this one.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Jupiter is the biggest planet.'

Tap to flip

No other planet is as big as Jupiter.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'A train is faster than a car.'

Tap to flip

A car is not as fast as a train.

Rewrite the sentence using the Comparative degree:

'Winter is the coldest season.'

Tap to flip

Winter is colder than any other season.

Rewrite the sentence using the Superlative degree:

'No other story book is as popular as Harry Potter.'

Tap to flip

Harry Potter is the most popular story book.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'My house is bigger than yours.'

Tap to flip

Your house is not as big as mine.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Iron is more useful than copper.'

Tap to flip

Copper is not as useful as Iron.

Rewrite the sentence using the Comparative degree:

'The Pacific is the deepest ocean.'

Tap to flip

The Pacific is deeper than any other ocean.

Rewrite the sentence using the Comparative degree:

'Hunger is the best sauce.'

Tap to flip

Hunger is better than any other sauce.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Sam is the tallest boy in the group.'

Tap to flip

No other boy in the group is as tall as Sam.

Rewrite the sentence using the Comparative degree:

'Coffee is not as healthy as Tea.'

Tap to flip

Tea is healthier than Coffee.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Asia is the largest continent.'

Tap to flip

No other continent is as large as Asia.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Light travels faster than sound.'

Tap to flip

Sound does not travel as fast as light.

Rewrite the sentence using the Positive degree:

'Your handwriting is worse than mine.'

Tap to flip

My handwriting is not as bad as yours.

Term: Adjective

Tap to flip

Definition: A word that tells us more about a person, place, or thing.

Term: Comparison

Tap to flip

Definition: Looking at two or more things to see how they are alike or different.

Term: Degree (of comparison)

Tap to flip

Definition: Levels that show how much of a quality something has when you compare it.

Term: Base form (of adjective)

Tap to flip

Definition: The simple, original adjective before you change it to compare (e.g., 'tall').

Term: Recreation

Tap to flip

Definition: Fun things you do to relax when you're not working or studying.

Term: Eminent

Tap to flip

Definition: Very famous and respected by many people for being good at something.

Term: Industrious

Tap to flip

Definition: Someone who works very hard and is always busy doing useful things.

Term: Ferocious

Tap to flip

Definition: Very wild, fierce, and a bit scary.