GEOGRAPHY (39)
Code: J-420
Date: 2025 III 07
Max Marks: 80
Time: 3 Hrs
Q. 1 (A)
[5 Marks]
Complete the chain and rewrite in your answer paper:
Solution:
| 'A' | 'B' | 'C' |
|---|---|---|
| (1) Amazon | (4) Dense equatorial Forest | (2) Low population density |
| (2) Constrictive Pyramid | (5) More old age Population | (3) Low birth rate and least death rate |
| (3) Industrial Region | (1) Manufacturing Activities | (5) Availability of Employment |
| (4) Pampas Grassland | (2) Commercial cattle rearing | (4) South America |
| (5) Private | (3) Individual | (1) Tata Iron and Steel Industries |
Q. 1 (B)
[5 Marks]
Choose the correct option and write:
(1) Appalachian mountain region of U.S.A has dense population because:
Answer: (C) development of iron-ore and coal mines
(2) Ideal location for fishing:
Answer: (B) shallow seas, confluence of warm and cold ocean currents, growth of planktons, cold climate
(3) In USA, industrial areas are found in North-Eastern region.
Answer: (C) availability of rich deposits of coal and iron-ore
(4) Choose one subregion in northern plain region of India.
Answer: (B) The ganga-yamuna plain
(5) Major physical factor which affects regional development.
Answer: (A) Natural resources
Q. 1 (C)
[5 Marks]
Identify the correct co-relation in the given statements and write:
(1) A: Hardwood trees are found in equatorial evergreen Forest.
R: Lumbering is not developed on a commercial level in equatorial regions.
R: Lumbering is not developed on a commercial level in equatorial regions.
Answer: (C) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A (Note: Some contexts might argue R does not explain A, but often 'Hardwood/Impenetrability' is cited as the reason for lack of development).
Alternative Interpretation: Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (as Hardwood presence doesn't cause lack of development directly without mentioning weight/transport issues).
Best Fit: Both A and R are correct.
Alternative Interpretation: Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A (as Hardwood presence doesn't cause lack of development directly without mentioning weight/transport issues).
Best Fit: Both A and R are correct.
(2) A: In India, industrial areas are found concentrated in few regions.
R: India is an agricultural country.
R: India is an agricultural country.
Answer: (D) Both A and R are correct but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(3) A: In tertiary occupation, there is no derivation from the nature.
R: It provides only services so it is known as service sector.
R: It provides only services so it is known as service sector.
Answer: (C) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
(4) A: Each formal regions have distinct boundaries which make them easy to identify.
R: Region is bounded by economic activities.
R: Region is bounded by economic activities.
Answer: (A) Only A is correct. (Reasoning: R describes a functional region, not a formal region).
(5) A: Physical or human factors are not static but highly dynamic. They change over time.
R: The earth is dynamic. We find there are variations in its physical and cultural environments.
R: The earth is dynamic. We find there are variations in its physical and cultural environments.
Answer: (C) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
Q. 1 (D)
[5 Marks]
Identify the incorrect factor and write it:
(1) Densely populated region due to mineral deposits –
Options: (a) Gold mine region of Australian desert, (b) Mineral oil region of South West Asia, (c) Mineral producing Chhota Nagpur region of India, (d) Prairie grassland region in North America.
Incorrect Factor: (d) Prairie grassland region in North America
(2) Primary occupations depending upon natural resources –
Options: (a) Agriculture, (b) Hunting, (c) Motor industry, (d) Lumbering.
Incorrect Factor: (c) Motor industry
(3) Footloose industries :
Options: (a) Cement industries, (b) Clock making industries, (c) Diamond cutting industries, (d) Hairpin making industries.
Incorrect Factor: (a) Cement industries
(4) Permanent Human Settlements are not found in Antarctica.
Options: (a) Very cool climate, (b) Fertile soil, (c) Frozen land, (d) Long winter.
Incorrect Factor: (b) Fertile soil (This statement is false regarding Antarctica).
(5) Factors studied in physical geography
Options: (a) Atmospheric factors, (b) Relief, (c) Lakes, (d) Transport.
Incorrect Factor: (d) Transport
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Q. 2
[12 Marks]
Give geographical reasons (Any FOUR):
(1) Literacy rate is the indicator of economic and social development of the country.
High literacy leads to better skill formation, higher productivity, and employability, which drives economic growth. Socially, it creates awareness about health, hygiene, and rights, and helps in reducing birth rates (demographic transition). Thus, it reflects the overall quality of life and development.
(2) Agriculture is practised on a large scale in India.
India has vast plains with fertile alluvial soil (e.g., Gangetic plains). The monsoon climate provides sufficient water and suitable temperatures for a variety of crops. Additionally, a large population provides cheap labor and a ready market for agricultural produce.
(3) Distribution of industries is uneven.
Industrial location depends on specific factors like availability of raw materials, power resources, labor, market, capital, and transport. These factors are not distributed equally across the world. Regions rich in these resources (e.g., coalfields) attract industries, while others do not, leading to uneven distribution.
(4) Industrial development is not found in Central Australia.
Central Australia is a vast desert region (The Outback) with a harsh, hot, and dry climate. It suffers from a lack of water resources, sparse population (leading to labor shortage), and limited market and infrastructure, making it unsuitable for industrial development.
(5) Factors like illiteracy, poverty affects the regional development.
Illiteracy leads to a lack of skilled human capital, reducing innovation and productivity. Poverty restricts investment and purchasing power. Together, they create a cycle of underdevelopment where resources are underutilized, and the region fails to grow economically or socially.
Q. 3
[9 Marks]
Differentiate between (Any THREE):
(1) Land use and Land cover
Land Cover: Refers to the physical material at the surface of the earth (e.g., forests, water bodies, snow). It is natural.
Land Use: Refers to how people utilize the land for socio-economic activities (e.g., agriculture, residential areas, factories). It is anthropogenic.
Land Use: Refers to how people utilize the land for socio-economic activities (e.g., agriculture, residential areas, factories). It is anthropogenic.
(2) Public sector industry and Private sector industry
Public Sector: Owned and operated by the government (e.g., BHEL, Indian Railways). The main aim is social welfare and service.
Private Sector: Owned and operated by individuals or private companies (e.g., Tata, Reliance). The main aim is profit maximization.
Private Sector: Owned and operated by individuals or private companies (e.g., Tata, Reliance). The main aim is profit maximization.
(3) Physical region and Political region
Physical Region: Defined by natural features like relief, climate, or vegetation (e.g., The Himalayas). Boundaries are often transitional.
Political Region: Defined by administrative boundaries set by humans (e.g., India, Maharashtra). Boundaries are sharp and artificial.
Political Region: Defined by administrative boundaries set by humans (e.g., India, Maharashtra). Boundaries are sharp and artificial.
Q. 4
[11 Marks]
(A) Mark and name the following on the outline map of the world with suitable index (Any SIX) :
- (1) Thinly populated region of South America: Amazon Basin.
- (2) African Country in second phase of demographic transition: Niger or Uganda.
- (3) Major administrative city in Maharashtra: Mumbai.
- (4) Area of animal husbandry in Australia: Downs (Grasslands) or Northern Territory.
- (5) Leading country of Asia in Fishing: China.
- (6) Cape of Good Hope waterways: Southern tip of Africa.
- (7) Nile River basin: Northeast Africa (Egypt/Sudan).
- (8) Siberian plateau: North Asia (Russia).
(B) Read the following map/graphs and answer the questions given below :
Questions based on the Occupational Structure Graph:
- What is shown in the above graph?
The graph shows the Occupational Structure of India, specifically the percentage of Cultivators and Agricultural Labourers in the Primary Service Sector from 1951 to 1991. - Which decade has maximum percentages of cultivators?
1961 (53%). - Which decade has minimum percentages of agricultural labourers?
1961 (17%). - In present graph, which factor have maximum percentages in every decade?
Cultivators. - In 1971 what is the percentage of cultivators and agricultural labour?
Cultivators: 43%, Agricultural Labourers: 26%.
Q. 5
[12 Marks]
Write short notes on the following (Any THREE) :
(1) Correlation between birth rate and death rate
The relationship determines population growth (Demographic Transition Model). When both are high, population is stable (Stage 1). When Death Rate falls but Birth Rate remains high, population explodes (Stage 2). When Birth Rate also falls to match Death Rate, population stabilizes again (Stage 4). The gap between them is the natural increase rate.
(2) Mixed land use
Mixed land use refers to areas where land is utilized for multiple purposes simultaneously, such as residential, commercial, and industrial activities existing together. This is common in cities (e.g., shops on the ground floor, apartments above). It increases efficiency, reduces commute times, and optimizes space in urban areas.
(4) Role of transportation in industries
Transportation is the lifeline of industries. It is required to bring raw materials to the manufacturing site and to distribute finished products to markets. Efficient transport (rail, road, water) reduces production costs. Industrial location is often decided by proximity to transport hubs (ports, highways) to ensure connectivity.
Q. 6
[12 Marks]
(A) Read the following passage and answer the questions given below :
- In which latitude, world distribution of animal husbandry is found?
Between 30°N to 60°N and 30°S to 55°S latitudes. - Which hemisphere has maximum development of animal husbandry?
The Northern Hemisphere. (As stated in the passage). - Which factor affects animal husbandry in Australia and South and North America continents?
Presence of grasslands, advanced technology, market, and availability of large estates. - Which continents have maximum mechanization of animal husbandry in the world?
North America and South America (and Australia).
(B) Draw neat, labelled diagrams (Any TWO) :
- (1) Stationary Pyramid: A bell-shaped pyramid with equal width at the base and middle, tapering at the top, indicating low birth and death rates.
- (2) Circular Settlement: Houses arranged in a circle around a central feature like a lake or temple.
- (3) Relationship of Geography with other subjects: A central circle labeled 'Geography' connected to surrounding circles labeled Economics, History, Geology, Sociology, etc.
Q. 7
[8 Marks]
Answer the following questions in detail (Any ONE) :
(1) Explain the human factors affecting distribution of population.
Human factors play a crucial role in population distribution:
- Agriculture: Fertile regions supporting agriculture attract large populations (e.g., Ganges plains).
- Mining: Discovery of minerals attracts people to otherwise harsh areas (e.g., Gold mines in Australia, Chhota Nagpur plateau).
- Transportation: Areas with good connectivity (ports, railways) have higher density due to trade and mobility.
- Urbanization: Cities offer better employment, education, and health facilities, leading to rural-urban migration and high density.
- Political Factors: Government policies, capital cities (e.g., Brasilia), and political stability influence settlement.
(2) Explain the factors affecting trade.
- Difference in Natural Resources: Uneven distribution of resources (soil, climate, minerals) necessitates trade (e.g., Gulf countries export oil, import food).
- Population Factors: The size, distribution, and diversity of population affect the demand for goods.
- Economic Development: Industrialized nations trade machinery and finished goods, while developing nations trade raw materials.
- Transport and Communication: Efficient transport reduces cost and time, facilitating trade.
- Government Policies: Tariffs, subsidies, and free trade agreements regulate the flow of trade.
- Peace and Stability: Wars and conflicts disrupt trade routes and relationships.