Tessellation in Geometry | 3rd Maths Term 3 Chapter 1

Geometry | Term 3 Chapter 1 | 3rd Maths - Tessellation

3rd Maths : Term 3 Unit 1 : Geometry

Tessellation

A tessellation is created when a shape is repeated over and over again covering a plane without any gap or overlap.

When you fit individual tiles together with no gap or overlap to fill a flat space, you have a tiled floor.

We have already learnt that few shapes such as triangles, squares, hexagons tile on a plane while few figures such as pentagons, heptagons do not tessellate on a plane.

1. Complete the shapes by filling the tiles.

2. Draw one more tile to continue the pattern.

Tags: Geometry | Term 3 Chapter 1 | 3rd Maths , 3rd Maths : Term 3 Unit 1 : Geometry

Content Reference: Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail

3rd Maths : Term 3 Unit 1 : Geometry : Tessellation | Geometry | Term 3 Chapter 1 | 3rd Maths

3rd Maths: Number Operations in Daily Life | Term 2 Chapter 1

Numbers | Term 2 Chapter 1 | 3rd Maths - Number operations in daily life situations

3rd Maths : Term 2 Unit 1 : Numbers

Number operations in daily life situations

Examples

Example 1

If the cost of one eraser is ₹ 4, what will be the cost of 2 erasers?

4 + 4 = 8

2 × 4 = 8

The cost of two erasers = 2 × 4 = 8

Example 2

If there are 6 eggs in a box, how many eggs will be there in 5 boxes.

Number of Boxes = 5

Number of Eggs = 6

Total Number of Eggs = 5 × 6 = 30

Exercise

1. If there are 4 toys in a box. How many toys will be there in 9 boxes?

Number of Boxes = 9

Number of toys in each box = 4

Total Number of toys = 9 × 4 = 36

2. If there are 3 colour pencils in a packet. How many colour pencils will be there in 9 packets?

Number of packets = 9

Number of colour pencils in each packets = 3

Total Number of colour pencils = 9 × 3 = 27

3. Write the multiplication fact for the following products

24

3 × 8 ; 12 × 2 ; 2 × 12 ; 1 × 24 ; 24 × 1

45

15 × 3 ; 3 × 15 ; 45 × 1 ; 1 × 45

36

3 × 12 ; 18 × 2 ; 2 × 18 ; 36 × 1 ; 1 × 36

16

2 × 8 ; 4 × 4 ; 8 × 2 ; 16 × 1 ; 1 × 16

Our Environment | Term 1 Chapter 1 | 2nd EVS Environmental Science Questions and Answers

Our Environment | 2nd EVS Environmental Science

Term 1 Unit 1: Our Environment - Questions with Answers

Evaluation

1. Match the following.

1. Desert
2. Plain
3. Forest
4. Pond

Lion

Camel

Fish

Cow

Answer:

a. Desert – Camel

b. Plain - Cow

c. Forest - Lion

d. Pond - Fish

2. Draw a line to connect the land forms with their names.

3. Write ‘ T ‛ if True and ‘ F ‘ if False.

a. Step farming is done in the hills. ( T )

b. The horse is called the ‘Ship of the Desert‛. ( F )

c. Lions and tigers are found in the forest. ( T )

d. A forest has sand dunes. ( F )

4. Classify the following words.

( Camel, Duck, Tiger, Cactus, Sand, Fish, Elephant, Water, Lotus, Deer, Tree )

Forest : Tiger, Elephant, Deer, Tree

Pond : Duck, Fish, Water, Lotus,

Desert : Camel, Cactus, Sand,

5. Complete the following sentences using the phrases given in the bracket.

(can drink a lot of water at one go, is full of trees, has step farms, has salt water, is smaller than a lake)

a. A forest is full of trees

b. The sea has salt water

c. A camel can drink a lot of water at one go

d. A pond is smaller than a lake

e. A hill has step farms

Self Evaluation

* I can identify different environments

* I take care of my environment

Living and Non-living Things: Questions & Answers | Class 1 EVS Term 1 Chapter 1

Living and Non living Things

Subject: 1st EVS Environmental Science

Unit: Term 1 Unit 1

Evaluation

Tick (✓) the living things.

Is it living or non-living?

What is this? Butterfly

Does it grow? Yes

Does it breathe? Yes

Does it move? Yes

Does it produce young ones? Yes

What food does it eat? The drink nectar from flowers.

What is this? Tree

Does it grow? Yes

Does it breathe? Yes

Does it move from one place to another? No

Does it produce young ones? Yes through seeds, cutting etc

What food does it need? Water, sunlight, air

What is this? Bag

Does it grow? No

Does it breathe? No

Does it move? No

Does it produce young ones? No

Does it need food? No

Self-Evaluation

☆ I can identify living and non-living things.

☆ I can differentiate living and non-living things.

☆ I can draw within a grid, connect the dots and colour.

☆ I can make a paper boat and a paper aeroplane.

☆ I can connect related pairs of things.

Gross Domestic Product and its Growth: One Mark Questions Answers

Gross Domestic Product and its Growth: an Introduction

10th Social Science | Economics | Chapter 1

EVALUATION: One Mark Questions Answers

Book Back Important Questions, Answers, and Solutions for Chapter 1: Gross Domestic Product and its Growth: an Introduction.

I. Choose the correct answer

1. GNP equals

a) NNP adjusted for inflation

b) GDP adjusted for inflation

c) GDP plus net property income from abroad

d) NNP plus net property income or abroad

Ans: (c)

2. National Income is a measure of

a) Total value of money

b) Total value of producer goods

c) Total value of consumption goods

d) Total value of goods and services

Ans: (d)

3. Primary sector consist of

a) Agriculture

b) Automobiles

c) Trade

d) Banking

Ans: (a)

4. ______ approach is the value added by each intermediate good is summed to estimate the value of the final good.

a) Expenditure approach

b) Value added approach

c) income approach

d) National Income

Ans: (b)

5. Which one sector is highest employment in the GDP.

a) Agricultural sector

b) Industrial sector

c) Service sector

d) None of the above.

Ans: (c)

6. Gross value added at current prices for services sector is estimated at ______ lakh crore in 2018-19.

a) 91.06

b) 92.26

c) 80.07

d) 98.29

Ans: (b)

7. India is ______ larger producer in agricultural product.

a) 1st

b) 3rd

c) 4th

d) 2nd

Ans: (d)

8. India’s life expectancy at birth is ______ years.

a) 65

b) 60

c) 70

d) 55

Ans: (a)

9. Which one is a trade policy?.

a) irrigation policy

b) import and export policy

c) land-reform policy

d) wage policy

Ans: (b)

10. Indian economy is

a) Developing Economy

b) Emerging Economy

c) Dual Economy

d) All the above

Ans: (a)

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Service is the primary sector in India.

2. GDP is the indicator of Economic health of an economy.

3. Secondary sector otherwise called as Industrial sector

III. Match the following

Match the items in Column A with the corresponding items in Column B.

Column A

1. Electricity/ Gas and Water

2. Price policy

3. GST

4. Per capita income

5. C + I + G + (X-M)

Column B

a. National Income /Population

b. Gross Domestic Product

c. Industry Sector

d. Agriculture

e. Tax on goods and service

Answers to Match the following

1. Electricity/ Gas and Water – Industry Sector

2. Price policy – Agriculture

3. GST – Tax on goods and service

4. Per capita income – National Income /Population

5. C + I + G + (X-M) – Gross Domestic Product

India - Location, Relief and Drainage: Geography Chapter 1 Map Exercises and Activities

10th Social Science | Geography | Chapter 1

Chapter 1: India - Location, Relief and Drainage

Topic: Map exercises and Activities from the book.

VII. Map exercises

Mark the following in the outline map of India

1. Major mountain ranges – Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar, Aravalli, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats.
   Download Map
2. Major rivers – Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri.
   Download Map
3. Major plateaus – Malwa, Chotanagpur, Deccan.
   Download Map

Reference Maps

India States and Union Territories

Download Map

India Rivers and Lakes

Download Map

India Physical Divisions

Download Map

India Location in the World

Download Map

VIII. Activities

1. Observe the Peninsular Plateau map of India and mark the major plateau divisions of India
2. Prepare a table showing the major West flowing and East flowing rivers of peninsular India.
3. Assume that you are travelling from West Bengal to Gujarat along the beautiful coasts of India. Find out the states which you would pass through?
4. Find out the states through which the river Ganga flows.
5. Prepare a table showing the major rivers in India and findout it’s tributaries, origin, length and area.

India Location, Relief, and Drainage: 10th Social Science Geography Q&A

India - Location, Relief and Drainage

10th Social Science | Geography | Chapter 1 | One Mark Questions Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

1.The north-south extent of India is

• a) 2,500 km
• b) 2,933 km
• c) 3,214 km
• d) 2,814 km

Ans: (c)

2._________ River is known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’.

• a) Narmada
• b) Godavari
• c) Kosi
• d) Damodar

Ans: (c)

3.A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as _________.

• a) Coast
• b) Island
• c) Peninsula
• d) Strait

Ans: (c)

4.The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separates India from _______

• a) Goa
• b) West Bengal
• c) Sri Lanka
• d) Maldives

Ans: (c)

5.The highest peak in South India is

• a) Ooty
• b) Kodaikanal
• c) Anaimudi
• d) Jindhagada

Ans: (c)

6._____________ Plains are formed by the older alluviums.

• a) Bhabar
• b) Tarai
• c) Bhangar
• d) Khadar

Ans: (c)

7.Pulicat Lake is located between the states of

• a) West Bengal and Odisha
• b) Karnataka and Kerala
• c) Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
• d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

Ans: (d)

II. Match the following

Match the items in Column A with Column B

Column A	Column B
1. Tsangpo	Tributary of River Ganga
2. Yamuna	Highest peak in India
3. New alluvium	River Brahmaputra in Tibet
4. Mt. Godwin Austen (K2)	Southern part of East Coastal Plain
5. Coromandel Coast	Khadhar

Correct Matches

1. Tsangpo — River Brahmaputra in Tibet

2. Yamuna — Tributary of River Ganga

3. New alluvium — Khadhar

4. Mt. Godwin Austen (K2) — Highest peak in India

5. Coromandel Coast — Southern part of East Coastal Plain

India - Location, Relief and Drainage

Interactive Self-Assessment Quiz

I. Choose the correct answer

1.The north-south extent of India is

• a) 2,500 km
• b) 2,933 km
• c) 3,214 km
• d) 2,814 km

2._________ River is known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’.

• a) Narmada
• b) Godavari
• c) Kosi
• d) Damodar

3.A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as _________.

• a) Coast
• b) Island
• c) Peninsula
• d) Strait

4.The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separates India from _______

• a) Goa
• b) West Bengal
• c) Sri Lanka
• d) Maldives

5.The highest peak in South India is

• a) Ooty
• b) Kodaikanal
• c) Anaimudi
• d) Jindhagada

6._____________ Plains are formed by the older alluviums.

• a) Bhabar
• b) Tarai
• c) Bhangar
• d) Khadar

7.Pulicat Lake is located between the states of

• a) West Bengal and Odisha
• b) Karnataka and Kerala
• c) Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
• d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

II. Match the following

Match the items in Column A with the appropriate option in Column B.

1. Tsangpo
2. Yamuna
3. New alluvium
4. Mt. Godwin Austen (K2)
5. Coromandel Coast

Impulse and Impulsive Force: Definition, Formula, and Examples | 10th Science

Impulse - Definition, Formula, Examples

Impulse

A large force acting for a very short interval of time is called as ‘Impulsive force’. When a force F acts on a body for a period of time t, then the product of force and time is known as ‘impulse’ represented by ‘J’

Impulse, J = F × t (1.7)

By Newton’s second law

F = Δp / t (Δ refers to change)

Δp = F × t (1.8)

From 1.7 and 1.8

J = Δp

Impulse is also equal to the magnitude of change in momentum. Its unit is kg m s^–1 or N s. Change in momentum can be achieved in two ways. They are:

i. a large force acting for a short period of time and

ii. a smaller force acting for a longer period of time.

Examples:

• Automobiles are fitted with springs and shock absorbers to reduce jerks while moving on uneven roads.
• In cricket, a fielder pulls back his hands while catching the ball. He experiences a smaller force for a longer interval of time to catch the ball, resulting in a lesser impulse on his hands.

Linear Momentum: Definition, Formula, and Units | 10th Science Laws of Motion

10th Science : Chapter 1 : Laws of Motion : Introduction

Linear Momentum

LINEAR MOMENTUM

The impact of a force is more if the velocity and the mass of the body is more. To quantify the impact of a force exactly, a new physical quantity known as linear momentum is defined. The linear momentum measures the impact of a force on a body.

The product of mass and velocity of a moving body gives the magnitude of linear momentum. It acts in the direction of the velocity of the object. Linear momentum is a vector quantity.

Linear Momentum = mass × velocity

p = m v

It helps to measure the magnitude of a force. Unit of momentum in SI system is kg m s^–1 and in C.G.S system its unit is g cm s^-1.

Reference Tags

Study Material, Lecturing Notes, Assignment, Reference, Wiki description explanation, brief detail for 10th Science : Chapter 1 : Laws of Motion.

Inertia: Understanding Types and Examples | 10th Science, Chapter 1: Laws of Motion

Introduction 10th Science Chapter 1: Laws of Motion

Inertia - Types and Examples of Inertia

INERTIA

While you are travelling in a bus or in a car, when a sudden brake is applied, the upper part of your body leans in the forward direction. Similarly, when the vehicle suddenly is move forward from rest, you lean backward. This is due to, any body would like to continue to be in its state of rest or the state of motion. This is known as ‘inertia’.

The inherent property of a body to resist any change in its state of rest or the state of uniform motion, unless it is influenced upon by an external unbalanced force, is known as ‘inertia’.

In activity described above, the inertia of the coin keeps it in the state of rest when the cardboard moves. Then, when the cardboard has moved, the coin falls into the tumbler due to gravity. This happen due to ‘inertia of rest’.

1. Types of Inertia

a) Inertia of rest: The resistance of a body to change its state of rest is called inertia of rest.

b) Inertia of motion: The resistance of a body to change its state of motion is called inertia of motion.

c) Inertia of direction: The resistance of a body to change its direction of motion is called inertia of direction.

2. Examples of Inertia

• An athlete runs some distance before jumping. Because, this will help him jump longer and higher. (Inertia of motion)
• When you make a sharp turn while driving a car, you tend to lean sideways, (Inertia of direction).
• When you vigorously shake the branches of a tree, some of the leaves and fruits are detached and they fall down, (Inertia of rest).

Introduction to Laws of Motion: Force and Motion Concepts | 10th Science Chapter 1

10th Science | Chapter 1: Laws of Motion

Introduction: Force and Motion

FORCE AND MOTION

According to Aristotle a Greek Philosopher and Scientist, the natural state of earthly bodies is ‘rest’. He stated that a moving body naturally comes to rest without any external influence of the force. Such motions are termed as ‘natural motion’ (Force independent). He also proposed that a force (a push or a pull) is needed to make the bodies to move from their natural state (rest) and behave contrary to their own natural state called as ‘violent motion’ (Force dependent). Further, he said, when two differnt mass bodies are dropped from a height, the heavier body falls faster than the lighter one.

Galileo proposed the following concepts about force, motion and inertia of bodies:

1. The natural state of all earthly bodies is either the state of rest or the state of uniform motion.
2. A body in motion will continue to be in the same state of motion as long as no external force is applied.
3. When a force is applied on bodies, they resist any change in their state. This property of bodies is called ‘inertia’.
4. When dropped from a height in vacuum, bodies of different size, shape and mass fall at the same rate and reach the ground at the same time.

Introduction to Laws of Motion | Chapter 1 | 10th Science

10th Science : Chapter 1 : Laws of Motion | Introduction

LAWS OF MOTION

INTRODUCTION

Human beings are so curious about things around them. Things around us are related to one another. Some bodies are at rest and some are in motion. Rest and motion are interrelated terms.

In the previous classes you have learnt about various types of motion such as linear motion, circular motion, oscillatory motion, and so on. So far, you have discussed the motion of bodies in terms of their displacement, velocity, and acceleration. In this unit, let us investigate the cause of motion.

When a body is at rest, starts moving, a question that arises in our mind is ‘what causes the body to move?’ Similarly, when a moving object comes to rest, you would like to know what brings it to rest? If a moving object speeds up or slows down or changes its direction. what speeds up or slows down the body? What changes the direction of motion?

One answer for all the above questions is ‘Force’. In a common man’s understanding of motion, a body needs a ‘push’ or ‘pull’ to move, or bring to rest or change its velocity. Hence, this ‘push’ or ‘pull’ is called as ‘force’.

Let us define force in a more scientific manner using the three laws proposed by Sir Isaac Newton. These laws help you to understand the motion of a body and also to predict the future course of its motion, if you know the forces acting on it. Before Newton formulated his three laws of motion, a different perception about the force and motion of bodies prevailed. Let us first look at these ideas and then eventually learn about Newton’s laws in this unit.

Mechanics

Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the effect of force on bodies. It is divided into two branches, namely, statics and dynamics.

• Statics:

  It deals with the bodies, which are at rest under the action of forces.

• Dynamics:

  It is the study of moving bodies under the action of forces. Dynamics is further divided as follows.

  • Kinematics:

    It deals with the motion of bodies without considering the cause of motion.

  • Kinetics:

    It deals with the motion of bodies considering the cause of motion.

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts in Economics

Balbharati solutions for Economics 11th Standard Maharashtra State Board

Choose the correct option:

1. Statements related to Economics

a) Economics is a social science.

b) Concept of economics is derived from Greek word ‘Oikonomia’.

c) Economics is related to the study of human economic behavior.

d) Economics is related to management of the household

 

1. a, b and c

2. a and b

3. b and c

4. a, b, c and d

---

2. Statements incorrect with reference to Adam Smith’s definition

 

a) Adam Smith is a classical economist.

b) Wealth of Nations is authored by Adam Smith.

c) Economics is the science of wealth.

d) Economics studies common man.

 

1. d

2. a, b and c

3. a and d

4. c and d

---

3. Key points in Lionel Robbins’ definition 

 

a) Wants are unlimited

b) Means are limited

c) Wants are not gradable

d) Means have alternative uses.

 

1. a and b

2. b and c

3. a, b and c

4. a, b, c and d

---

4. Statements related to wealth 

 

a) Wealth means anything which has market value and can be exchanged for money.

b) It is external to human beings.

c) Wealth has no utility.

d) Wealth is scarce and exchangeable

 

1. a, b and d

2. a, c and d

3. b, c and d

4. none of the above

---

5. Aspects considered in National Income

 

a) Final goods and services are included in national income.

b) Produced goods and services in a financial year are included in national income.

c) Double counting is avoided.

d) Value is considered as per market price

 

1. a and c

2. b and c

3. a, b and d

4. a ,b ,c, and d

---

Complete the correlation :

 

1.Natural sciences : Exact sciences : : Social sciences :__________

SOLUTION

Natural sciences : Exact sciences : : Social sciences : Abstract sciences

---

2.Physics :______________ : : Psychology : Social science

SOLUTION

Physics : Natural science : : Psychology : Social science

---

3.Arthshastra : Kautilya : : Wealth of Nations :______________

SOLUTION

Arthshastra : Kautilya : : Wealth of Nations : Adam smith

---

4.Necessity :______________ : : Comforts : Washing machine

SOLUTION

Necessity : Food : : Comforts : Washing machine

---

5.Free goods : Value-in-use : : Economic goods :______________

SOLUTION

Free goods : Value-in-use : : Economic goods : value-in-exchange

---

Identify and explain the concept from the given illustration : 

1.My father purchased a two wheeler vehicle. This helps to fulfil my travel needs.

SOLUTION

(A) Identified concept : Individual want

(B) Explanation of concept : Individual want is that want which is satisfied at individual level.

---

2.A study of the annual income of the family of Ramesh

SOLUTION

(A) Identified concept : Microeconomic variable

(B) Explanation of concept: Microeconomic variable is that element that can be used to describe the behavior of an individual economic unit like particular individual, particular family, particular industry, etc.

---

3.As per the data for financial year 2018-19, the country’s production of goods and services increased by 20%

SOLUTION

(A) Identified concept : Economic growth

(B) Explanation of concept: Economic growth refers to quantitative increase in real national Income (production of final goods and services).

---

4.Karuna’s mother saves 1000/- every month out of her given salary.

SOLUTION

(A) Identified concept : Savings

(B) Explanation of concept : Savings can be defined as that portion of disposable income/ salary which is not spent currently on consuming goods or services.

---

5.Ram’s father utilized his provident fund amount to set up grocery store

SOLUTION

(A) Identified concept: Investment

(B) Explanation of concept : Investment refers to creation of capital assets through mobilization of savings.

---

Answer the following:

1.Explain the features of wealth?

SOLUTION

The features of wealth are as follows:

Utility: The commodities that have the capacity to satisfy human wants are included in wealth. For example, furniture, refrigerator, etc.

Scarcity: The commodities Which are limited (scarce) in supply in relation to their demand are included in wealth. For example, all economic goods for Which prices are paid are wealth.

Transferable: The commodities which are transferable are included in wealth. It should be possible to transfer commodities from one person to another person and from one place to another place. For example, vehicles, jewellery, etc.

Externality: The commodities that are external to the human body are included in wealth, for example, bag, chair, goodwill of a company. etc. are external to the human body and therefore are wealth.

---

2.Explain the characteristics of human wants?

SOLUTION

The characteristics of human wants are as follows:

1. Wants are unlimited: Human wants are unlimited and never ending. When one wants is satisfied another arises. The endless circle of wants continues throughout human life.

2. Wants differ with gender: The wants of men and women differ according to their needs.

3. Wants differ due to prefernces : The taste, habit, preference, etc. of a person differ from others. So wants to differ with the preference.

4. Wants differ with seasons: Human wants also keep changing with seasons. For example. cotton clothes are needed in summer and woolen clothes are needed in winter.

5. Wants are recurring: Several humans want arises again and again. For example, want of food, clothing, etc. Whereas, some wants may occur occasionally. 

Wants differ with age: Human wants and their satisfaction differs with age. For example, A toy may satisfy the want of a child but it will not satisfy the want of a college student.

---

State with reasons whether you agree or disagree with the following statement:

1.All wants can be satisfied at a time.

Options

Agree

Disagree

SOLUTION

No, I do not agree with this statement.

Reasons:

(1) Human wants are unlimited and the means to satisfy human wants are comparatively limited.

(2) Unlimited wants to compete among themselves to be satisfied first.

(3) For example, a person may want a fridge and a TV. or anything else at the same time but he/she can not buy all because of limited resources (income).

Thus, all wants cannot be satisfied at a time.

---

2.Human wants change as per the seasons and preferences.

Options

Agree

Disagree

SOLUTION

Yes, I agree with this statement.

Reasons:

(1) Human wants to change according to change in the seasons, taste and preferences, etc.

(2) Human wants change as per the change in season. For example, A person may want an umbrella during the rainy season but will want woolen clothes during winter.

(3) Individual tastes, habits, preferences also determine his/her wants, an office going person will want formal clothes more whereas, the college students will want more. of casual clothes. Thus, wants changes as per the change in seasons and preferences.

---

3.Value-in-use and Value-in-exchange are the same

Options

Agree

Disagree

SOLUTION

No, I do not agree with this statement.

Reasons:

(1) Value-In-use refers to the utility of the commodity in day to day life. Whereas value-inexchange refers to the worth of commodity expressed in terms of price.

(2) Commodities like water, air are highly essential for human life. Thus, these commodities have high value-in-use. But as these commodities are available on a large scale. 80 they have low value-in exchange.

(3) Commodities like gold, diamonds are not very essential for human life. Thus, these commodities have less value-in-use. But as these commodities are available on a small scale or scarce they have high value-in-exchange. Therefore, Value-in-use and value-in-exchange are two different concepts.

---

Answer in detail:

1.Explain  the basic concepts of macro economics.

SOLUTION

According to Kenneth Bounding, “Macro economics deals not with individual quantities as such, but with the aggregate of these quantities, not with the individual income but with the national income not with individual prices but with the price level, not with individual output but with the national output”.

The basic concepts of macroeconomics are as follows:

(1) National Income: National Income is the aggregate monetary value of all final goods & services produced in the economy in a year.

(2) Aggregate Saving: Saving is a part of income which is kept aside to satisfy future needs. Aggregate saving is the aggregate monetary value of total savings in an economy.

(3) Aggregate Investment: Investment refers to the mobilization of savings and the creation of capital assets such as furniture, machinery, building, etc. Aggregate investment is the aggregate monetary value of total investments in an economy.

(4) Trade cycle: Trade cycles are the fluctuations in business. They are ups and downs in the overall economic activity.

These fluctuations are caused by (a) inflation (b) deflation/depression.

(a) Inflation: Inflation refers to a general rise in the price of overall goods and services.

(b) Deflation: Deflation refers to a fall in the price of overall goods and services.

(5) Economic growth: Economic growth implies an increase in the real national income, over a long period of time. It is a quantitative concept.

(6) Economic development: Economic development indicates economic growth plus progressive changes. It has a qualitative dimension as it is related to the overall well-being of people.

---

Chapter 1: Basic Concepts in Economics

Chapter 2: Money

Chapter 3: Partition Values

Chapter 4: The Economy of Maharashtra

Chapter 5: Rural Development in India

Chapter 6: Population in India

Chapter 7: Unemployment in India

Chapter 8: Poverty in India

Chapter 9: Economic Policy of India since

Chapter 10: Economic Planning in India

Economics 11th Standard Maharashtra State Board

Author: Balbharati

Publisher: Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research