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Class 12 Physics Important Questions with Solutions Maharashtra Board 2025-26

XII HSC Physics Important Question Bank (2025-26)

ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS

1) Distinguish between centripetal and centrifugal force. [2M]
2) What is banking of road, obtain an expression for max and min safety speed of vehicles along curve horizontal road. [4M]
3) Draw neat labelled diagram and derive Expression for conical pendulum. [3M]
4) Derive expression for vertical circular motion. [3M]
5) State and prove perpendicular axis theorem. [3M]
6) State and prove parallel axis theorem. [4M]
7) State and Prove law of conservation of angular momentum. [3M]
8) Define Radius of Gyration and write its significance. [2M]
9) Derive expression for kinetic energy of a Rolling body. [3M]

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

1) Define Intermolecular force, Adhesive and Cohesive force, range of molecules. [1M each]
2) What is surface energy? Obtain relation between surface tension and surface energy. [3M]
3) Define Surface tension, state its S.I. unit and dimension. [3M]
4) Define angle of contact? State its four characteristics. [3M]
5) Derive Laplace's law (Excess Pressure). [4M]
6) Define Capillary action and derive expression for rise and fall of liquid in the capillary tube. [3M]
7) Define critical velocity, Reynolds number, coefficient of velocity. [1M each]
8) Stoke's law, terminal velocity. [1M each]

KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

1) Derive the expression for pressure exerted by the gas. [4M]
2) Define RMS velocity. [1M]
3) Write short note on: Ferry's black body draw a neat labelled diagram. [3M]
4) State and explain wien's displacement law? [3M]
5) State Stefan's law. [1M]
6) Define Emissive power and coefficient of Emission of body. [1M each]
7) State and prove Kirchhoff's law of heat radiation. [3M]
8) Derive Mayer's Relation. [3M]

THERMODYNAMICS

1) State first law of thermodynamic. [1M]
2) Thermodynamics Equilibrium. [2M]
3) Heat Engine. [4M]
4) Carnot Cycle. [4M]
5) Distinguish between thermal processes. [2M]
6) Derive expression for work done of Isothermal and adiabatic process. [3M]

OSCILLATIONS

1) Define SHM? State its differential Equation? [2M]
2) Obtain expression for acceleration, Velocity and displacement. [4M]
3) Composition of two SHM's. [4M]
4) State and derive expression for kinetic energy and potential energy. [3M]
5) Define simple pendulum, derive expression for the period of motion of simple pendulum on which factor it depends upon? [3M]
6) Distinguish free and forced vibration. [2M]
7) Damp Oscillation. [2M]
8) Define second's pendulum? [2M]

SUPERPOSITION OF WAVES

1) Derive equation for stationary wave. (3M)
2) Conditions for Nodes and Antinodes. (2M)
3) Derive the Expression for beats. (3M)
4) Laws of vibrating string. (3M)
5) Explain phenomenon for production of beats. (2M)
6) Show that only odd harmonics are present in pipe closed at one end. (3M)
7) Show that odd and even harmonics are present for pipe open at both the ends. (3M)

WAVE OPTICS

1) Postulates of Huygen's wave theory of light. (2M)
2) Derive the laws of refraction of light using Huygen's principle. (3M)
3) Explain what is meant by polarization. (2M)
4) Derive Malus laws. (3M)
5) What is Brewster's law? Derive the formula for Brewster angle. (3M)
6) Describe YDSE experiment. (4M)
7) Condition for constructive and destructive interference. (2M)
8) Condition for obtaining good interference pattern. (2M)
9) What are Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffractions. (2M)
10) Resolving power. (3M)
11) Explain Rayleigh's criterion. (2M)

ELECTROSTATICS

1) Obtain expression for electric field intensity due to uniformly charged spherical shell or hollow sphere. (3M)
2) Obtain an expression for electric field intensity due to an infinitely long straight charged wire or charged conducting cylinder. (3M)
3) State Gauss law. (1M)
4) Obtain an expression for electric field due to an infinite charged plane sheet. (3M)
5) Derive an expression for electric potential due to an electric dipole. (3M)
6) Define equipotential surface. State and explain its properties. (2M)
7) Define capacity of the capacitor. (2M)
8) Energy stored in a capacitor. (2/3M)
9) With the help of neat diagram, explain how non-polar dielectric material is polarised in external electric field? [3M]

CURRENT ELECTRICITY

1) State and Explain Kirchoff's law. (2M)
2) Obtain the balancing condition in case of Wheatstone bridge. (3M)
3) State and explain the concept of potentiometer. (3M)
4) Define Potential Gradient. (1M)
5) Write a note on galvanometer. (2M)
6) Describe kelvin's method to determine the resistance of a galvanometer by using a meter bridge. (3M)
7) Explain how MCG is converted into an ammeter. [3M]

MAGNETIC FIELDS DUE TO ELECTRIC CURRENT

1) Describe the magnetic field near a current in a long, straight wire. State the expression for the magnetic induction near a straight infinitely long current-carrying wire. [3M]
2) State the factors which the magnetic force on a charge depends upon. Hence state the expression for the Lorentz force on a charge due to an electric field as well as a magnetic field. [3M]
3) Define the SI unit of magnetic induction from Lorentz force. [1M]
4) Explain the condition under which a charged particle will travel through a uniform magnetic field in a helical path. [3M]
5) State under what conditions will a charged particle moving through a uniform magnetic field travel in (i) a straight line (ii) a circular path (iii) a helical path. [3M]
6) What is a cyclotron? State its principle of working. [4M]
7) Biot-savarts law. [2M]
8) Current Carrying in parallel wires. [3M]

MAGNETIC MATERIALS

1) Explain the directional characteristic of a bar magnet. [2M]
2) State the expression for the torque acting on a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic field. [3M]
3) Explain what is meant by magnetic potential energy of a bar magnet kept in a uniform magnetic field. Discuss the cases when theta = 0, 180, and 90 degrees. [3M]
4) Derive the expression for the time period of angular oscillations of a bar magnet kept in a uniform magnetic field. [3M]
5) What is the gyromagnetic ratio of an orbital electron? State its dimensions and the SI unit. [2M]

ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION

1) Describe Faraday's magnet and coil experiment. What conclusion can be drawn from the experiment? [3M]
2) State the causes of induced current and explain them on the basis of Lenz's law. [2M]
3) State an expression for the magnetic flux through a loop of finite area A inside a uniform magnetic field. Hence discuss Faraday's second law. [3M]
4) State the SI units and dimensions of (i) magnetic induction (ii) magnetic flux. [2M]
5) Determine the motional emf induced in a straight conductor moving in a uniform magnetic field with constant velocity. [3M]
6) What is an ac generator? State the principle of an ac generator. [3M]
7) Explain back emf in a motor. [3M]
8) Explain the concept of self-induction. [3M]
9) Derive an expression for the energy stored in the magnetic field of an inductor. [3M]
10) Obtain an expression for the self-inductance of a solenoid. [3M]
11) Obtain an expression for the energy density of a magnetic field. [3M]
12) Explain the concept/phenomenon of mutual induction. [2M]
13) What is a transformer? State the principle of working of a transformer. [4M]
14) Derive expressions for a transformer for the emf and current in terms of the turn's ratio. [3M]

AC CIRCUITS

1) Write an expression for an alternating emf that varies sinusoidally with time. [4M]
2) Draw a Phasor diagram showing e and i in the case of a purely inductive circuit. [3M]
3) An alternating emf is applied to an LR circuit. Obtain the expressions for the applied emf and the effective resistance. Draw the phasor diagram. [3M]
4) An alternating emf is applied to a CR circuit. Obtain an expression for the phase difference and effective resistance. Draw the phasor diagram. [4M]
5) What is meant by the term impedance? State the formula for it in the case of an LCR series circuit. [3M]
6) State the expression for the average power consumed over one cycle in the case of a series LCR AC circuit. [3M]
7) How are oscillations produced using an inductor and a capacitor. [3M]
8) Explain electrical resonance in an LCR series circuit. Deduce the expression for the resonant frequency of the circuit. [3M]
9) Explain the term sharpness of resonance and Q factor (quality factor). [2M]

DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER

1) What was Hertz's observation regarding emission of electrons from a metal surface? [3M]
2) With a neat diagram, describe the apparatus to study the characteristics of photoelectric effect. [3M]
3) Define (1) threshold frequency (2) threshold wavelength (3) stopping potential. [3M]
4) State the characteristics of photoelectric effect. [2M]
5) Explain how wave theory of light fails to explain the characteristics of photoelectric effect. [3M]
6) Give Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect. [4M]
7) Write Einstein's photoelectric equation and explain its various terms. How does the equation explain various features? [4M]
8) What is a photocell? Describe its construction and working with a neat labelled diagram. [3M]
9) Derive an expression for the de Broglie wavelength associated with an electron accelerated from rest through a potential difference V. [3M]

STRUCTURE OF ATOMS AND NUCLEI

1) With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the Geiger-Marsden experiment. [3M]
2) Explain Rutherford's model of the atom. [2M]
3) State and explain the formula that gives wavelengths of lines in the hydrogen spectrum. [3M]
4) Derive an expression for the linear speed of an electron in a Bohr orbit. Show it is inversely proportional to principal quantum number. [3M]
5) How is the nuclear size determined? State the relation between nuclear size and mass number. [3M]
6) Define mass defect and state an expression for it. [3M]
7) Explain the term nuclear binding energy and binding energy per nucleon. [3M]
8) State the law of radioactive decay and express it in the exponential form. [3M]
9) Define half-life of a radioactive element and obtain the relation between half-life and decay constant. [3M]
10) Postulates of Bohr atomic model. [2M]

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES

1) What is a PN-junction diode? What is a depletion region? What is barrier potential? [3M]
2) Explain the forward bias and reverse bias conditions of a diode. [3M]
3) What is rectification? How does a pn-junction diode act as a rectifier? [3M]
4) Distinguish between a half-wave rectifier and full-wave rectifier. [2M]
5) Explain ripple in the output of a rectifier. What is ripple factor? [2M]
6) Explain Zener breakdown. [2M]
7) Explain the I-V characteristics of a photodiode. [2M]
8) What is a light-emitting diode (LED)? [3M]
9) Describe with a neat diagram the construction of an LED. [4M]
10) What are the different transistor configurations in a circuit? Show them schematically. [3M]
11) Define AND, OR, and NOT logic gates. Give logic symbol, Boolean expression and truth table of each. [3M]
12) Obtain the relation between alpha_DC and beta_DC. [2/3M]

Note: All questions listed above are important for the 2025-2026 HSC examinations. Ensure you focus particularly on the questions with higher mark allocations.

HSC Physics Board Papers with Solution

Physics - March 2025 - English Medium View Answer Key
Physics - March 2025 - Marathi Medium View Answer Key
Physics - March 2025 - Hindi Medium View Answer Key
Physics - March 2024 - English Medium View Answer Key Answer Key
Physics - March 2024 - Marathi Medium View Answer Key
Physics - March 2024 - Hindi Medium View Answer Key
Physics - March 2023 - English Medium View Answer Key
Physics - July 2023 - English Medium View Answer Key
Physics - March 2022 - English Medium View Answer Key
Physics - July 2022 - English Medium View Answer Key
Physics - July 2021 - English Medium View Answer Key
Physics - February 2020 - English Medium View Answer Key
Physics - February 2019 - English Medium View Answer Key
Physics - February 2018 - English Medium View Answer Key
Physics - March 2013 View
Physics - October 2013 View Answer Key
Physics - March 2014 View Answer Key
Physics - October 2014 View Answer Key
Physics - March 2015 View Answer Key
Physics - October 2015 View Answer Key
Physics - March 2016 View Answer Key
Physics - July 2016 View Answer Key
Physics - March 2017 View Answer Key
Physics - July 2017 View Answer Key

Chapter 2 - Matrices, Balbharati solutions, for Mathematics and Statistics 1, (Commerce) 12th Standard HSC, Maharashtra State Board, Latest edition,

Chapter 11: Be a Good Speaker, English 5th Standard, Maharashtra State Board, Balbharati solutions,

Chapter 11: Be a Good Speaker

THINGS TO DO [PAGE 27]

Balbharati solutions for English 5th Standard Maharashtra State Board Chapter 11 Be a Good Speaker Things to do [Page 27]

Things to do | Q 1. (1) | Page 27

List and say whether the following statement agree with the passage or not.

You should always speak softly but clearly.

Agree
Disagree

SOLUTION

Things to do | Q 1. (2) | Page 27

List and say whether the following statement agree with the passage or not.

In a discussion, you should share your ideas with others.

Agree
Disagree

SOLUTION

Things to do | Q 1. (3) | Page 27

List and say whether the following statement agree with the passage or not.

If you don’t understand something, don’t let the others know about it.

Agree
Disagree

SOLUTION

Things to do | Q 1. (4) | Page 27

List and say whether the following statement agree with the passage or not.

You should try to talk most of the time whenever there is a discussion.

Agree
Disagree

SOLUTION

Things to do | Q 1. (5) | Page 27

List and say whether the following statement agree with the passage or not.

You should look at the person you are talking to.

Agree
Disagree

SOLUTION

Things to do | Q 1. (6) | Page 27

List and say whether the following statement agree with the passage or not.

When you want to make a speech, there’s no need to think about it in advance.

Agree
Disagree

SOLUTION

Things to do | Q 2. | Page 27

Think about what you do and you must learn to do when you speak. Make a list of such 'Do's' and Don'ts' for yourself.

SOLUTION

Things to do | Q 3. | Page 27

List the polite expressions we use such as ‘Pardon’.

SOLUTION

Things to do | Q 4. | Page 27

Look at the speaker in each picture. Say whether each one is a good speaker. Give reasons for your answer.

SOLUTION

Chapter 10: Three Sacks of Rice, English 5th Standard, Maharashtra State Board, Balbharati solutions,

Chapter 10: Three Sacks of Rice

THINGS TO DO [PAGES 24 - 26]