Chapter 5: Culture

Complete the following statement by choosing the correct alternative given in the bracket and rewrite it.

Culture is _____________.

OPTIONS

natural
personal
adaptive

SOLUTION

Culture is adaptive.

Material culture is ___________.

OPTIONS

concrete
abstract
intangible

SOLUTION

Material culture is abstract.

Bollywood music is an example of ___________.

OPTIONS

high culture
popular culture
folk culture

SOLUTION

Bollywood music is an example of popular culture.

Correct the incorrect pair and rewrite it.

OPTIONS

Classical singing of Bhimsen Joshi - High culture
Shakespeare’s literature - Folk culture
Harry Potter book - Popular culture
Religious group - Sub-culture

SOLUTION

Shakespeare’s literature - High culture

Identify the appropriate term from the given options in the box and rewrite it against the given statement.

Songs transmitted from one generation to the next.

OPTIONS

Folk culture
Material culture
Popular culture

SOLUTION

Songs transmitted from one generation to the next-Folk culture

Use of mobile phone today.

OPTIONS

Folk culture
Material culture
Popular culture

SOLUTION

Use of mobile phone today.-Material culture

Correct underlined word and complete the statement.

Belief in superstition is an example of material culture.

SOLUTION

Belief in superstition is an example of non-material culture.

E-commerce is an example of popular culture.

SOLUTION

E-commerce is an example of mass culture.

Write short notes.

Characteristics of culture

SOLUTION

The term culture refers to the way of life of a member of various societies or groups. Culture has the following characteristics:

Culture is acquired: Culture is learnt by each member through socialization. Cultural learning takes place through experience and symbolic interactions. Culture is propagated through generations.
Culture is abstract: Culture exists in the minds or habits of the members in a society. We cannot see culture but can see human behaviour.
Culture is shared: Culture is shared by a group of people belonging to the same community. They share the same values. beliefs and traditions. These aspects develop a sense of unity.
Culture is man-made: Culture is a human product and does nothing on its own.
Culture is idealistic: Culture embodies the ideas and norms of a group. It consists of intellectual, artistic, and social ideas which are followed by members of the society.
Culture is transmitted among the members of the society: The cultural ways are learned by persons from persons and many of them are handed down by one's elders, parents, teachers, and others.
Culture is continuously changing: With the passing of time, culture gradually undergoes changes in traditions, beliefs, or rituals.
Culture varies from society to society: Every society has its own culture. For example, the ways of eating, drinking, greeting, etc. differ from society to society.
Culture is an integrated system: Its various parts are integrated with each other and any new element introduced may be integrated. For example, the value system is linked to its morality, religion, customs, etc.
Language is the chief vehicle of culture: Language enables us to transmit what was learned in the past.

Social benefits of culture

SOLUTION

Fundamental benefits: Culture enables one to express creativity and produce individual identity. It also provides emotionally and intellectually stimulating experiences. It is a source of leisure, entertainment, learning, and sharing experiences.
Aids better health and well-being: Cultural participation is associated with a positive impact on mental and physical health. It also relieves isolation and promotes identity formation.
Improved learning and valuable skills for the future: Culture enables children and youth to improve educational outcomes by developing thinking skills, building self-esteem, and improving resilience. It also improves workforce skills.
Social solidarity and cohesion: Cultural activities bring people together and thereby, develop social solidarity and cohesion. It also encourages social inclusion, community empowerment, civic pride, and tolerance. Social networks built through culture generate economic benefits. Cultural heritage tells about the shared past and promotes the feeling of pride and a sense of belonging.
Other benefits: Cultural tourism creates job opportunities and promotes infrastructure development

Differentiate between.

Material culture and Nonmaterial culture

SOLUTION

Sr No.	Material Culture	Non-Material Culture
i	Material culture refers to the physical objects which are man-made.	Non-material culture refers to non-physical ideas created by human beings.
ii	Material culture is concrete and tangible in nature	Non-material culture is abstract and intangible in nature.
iii	It consists of manufactured objects like clothing, roads, jewellery, computers, airplanes, etc.	It consists of norms, regulations, values, signs, symbols, knowledge, beliefs, etc.
iv	The material aspect of culture changes very fast.	Change in non-material culture is difficult and not readily accepted by society.

Folkways and Mores

SOLUTION

Sr No.	Folkways	Mores
i	Folkways are mildly enforced social expectations.	Mores are strictly held beliefs about behaviours.
ii	These are less compulsory to follow as compared to mores. They don’t have very serious binding on groups.	These are compulsorily required to be followed. The violation of mores is viewed as a threat to social order.
iii	These represent customary, normal and habitual ways to meet certain needs or solving day-to-day problems.	These are more serious norms than folkways. They are informal and unwritten customary ways of life.
iv	Example: eating with spoon and fork, ways of draping a saree.	Example: sexual relations before marriage are not permitted.

Explain the following concept with an example.

Subculture

SOLUTION

Subculture: Subcultures refer to groups of people that have something in common with each other which distinguishes them from other social groups.

Example: Culture shared by religious groups, ethnic groups, youth groups.

Folk culture

SOLUTION

Folk culture is an authentic culture of ordinary people, mainly those living in pre-industrial societies. According to Srinati, although folk culture could never seek to be an art, its distinctiveness is respected.

Example: folk music, folk tales, Bhangada in Punjab, Nautanki in Uttarpradesh, and Lavani in Maharashtra.

Complete the concept map.

SOLUTION

Give your personal response.

Very few people make an effort to learn Classical music today

SOLUTION

Classical music is not popular among people today because like any other form of music one requires exposure over a period of time to become familiar. While pop music is appreciated by a large number of people with no cultural expertise.

It is not easy to give up superstitious beliefs.

SOLUTION

Superstitious beliefs are examples of non-material culture which is abstract in nature.
These beliefs are deep rooted in society for many decades and centuries.
There is strong resistance, from entire society or certain social sections, to give up on these superstitions.
In fact, change in any non-material cultural aspects is not readily accepted

Sociology 11th Standard Balbharati Solutions Maharashtra State Board

Balbharati Solutions for Sociology 11th Standard Maharashtra State Board Chapterwise. These Balbharati Solutions for Sociology 11th Standard Maharashtra State Board will help students understand the concepts better.

• Chapter 1: Introduction to Sociology

• Chapter 2: Contribution of Western and Indian Sociologists

• Chapter 3: Basic Concepts in Sociology

• Chapter 4: Social Institutions

• Chapter 5: Culture

• Chapter 6: Socialization

• Chapter 7: Social Stratification

• Chapter 8: Social Change

Balbharati Solutions for Class 11th Standard FYJC Maharashtra.

11th Textbook PDF Maharashtra

Book-keeping and Accountancy

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