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HSC Physics Question Bank Important for Board Exam 2026 - Rotational Dynamics to Semiconductors

HSC Physics Question Bank 2024-25

OMTEX CLASSES

HSC PHYSICS IMPORTANT FOR BOARD EXAM 2026

QUESTION BANK 2026
CHAPTER 1: ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Define UCM.
  2. Do we need a banked road for a two wheeler?
  3. What is the value of tangential acceleration in UCM?
  4. Does the angle of banking depend on the mass of vehicle?
  5. During ice ballets, while in the outer rounds, why do the dancers outstretch their arms and legs?
  6. State the principle of conservation of angular momentum.
  7. Why does a diver in a swimming pool bend his before diving?
  8. Two bodies have their moment of inertia I and 2I respectively about their axis of rotation. If their kinetic energies of rotation are equal, then what is the ratio of their angular velocity?
  9. State the formula for the moment of inertia of a circular ring about an axis passing through its centre.
  10. State the formula for the moment of inertia of a uniform disc about an axis passing through its centre.
  11. State the formula for the moment of inertia of a solid sphere about an axis passing through its centre.
  12. Find the radius of gyration of a uniform disc about an axis perpendicular to its plane and passing through centre.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What is banking of roads? Why curved roads are banked.
  2. Distinguish between UCM and Non UCM.
  3. Distinguish between centripetal force & centrifugal force.
  4. Define circular motion. State characteristics of circular motion.
  5. On what factors does the frequency of conical pendulum depend? Is it independent of some factors?
  6. In vertical circular motion, is zero speed possible at the top (uppermost point)? Under what conditions?
  7. Derive an expression for maximum safety speed with which a vehicle should move along a curved horizontal road?
  8. Draw a diagram showing all components of forces acting on a vehicle moving along a curved banked road.
  9. Derive an expression for minimum speed for a vehicle travelling inside a well of death of radius r.
  10. Define moment of inertia. State its SI unit & dimension.
  11. Why is it useful to define radius of gyration? OR Explain physical significance of radius of gyration. OR Define radius of gyration. Explain its physical significance.
  12. A uniform disc and a hollow right circular cone have the same formula for their moment of inertia, when rotating about their central axes. Why is it so?
  13. Define angular momentum. State its SI unit & dimension.
  14. Obtain an expression for kinetic energy of rolling motion in the form \(\frac{1}{2} MV^2 [1+\frac{K^2}{R^2}]\)
  15. State the conditions under which the theorem of parallel axes and perpendicular axes are applicable. State the respective mathematical expressions.
  16. Derive an expression for maximum speed of a vehicle at the top of the convex over bridge.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Derive an expression for kinetic energy of a rotating body.
  2. Obtain an expression for torque acting on a body rotating with uniform angular acceleration.
  3. Derive an expression that relates angular momentum with the angular velocity of a rigid body.
  4. Discuss the interlink between translational, rotational and total kinetic energies of a rigid object that rolls without slipping.
  5. Derive an expression for moment of inertia of a uniform disc about an axis passing through its center and perpendicular to its plane.
  6. State & prove theorem of perpendicular axes.
  7. A particle of mass m just completes the vertical circular motion. Derive the expression for the difference in tensions at the highest and the lowest points.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. State and prove theorem of parallel axes.
  2. What is conical pendulum? Obtain an expression for its time period.
  3. Obtain an expression for maximum safety speed with which a vehicle can be safely driven along a curved banked road. OR Show that the angle of banking is independent of mass of vehicle. OR Obtain an expression for maximum speed with which a vehicle can be driven safely on a banked road. Show that the safety speed limit is independent of mass of vehicle.
  4. Using energy conservation, derive the expressions for the minimum speeds at different locations along a vertical circular motion controlled by gravity.
  5. A rigid object is rolling down an inclined plane. Derive an expressions for the acceleration along the track and the speed after falling through a certain vertical distance.

HSC Physics Board Papers with Solution

CHAPTER 2: MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What is an incompressible fluid?
  2. State Pascal’s law.
  3. Define cohesive force.
  4. Define surface film.
  5. Define range of intermolecular force.
  6. Define sphere of influence.
  7. Define surface energy of a liquid.
  8. How much amount of work is done in forming a soap bubble of radius r.
  9. Define viscosity.
  10. Define viscous force.
  11. Why the surface tension of paints and lubricating oil is kept low?
  12. What is the basis of Bernoulli’s principle?
  13. Why is a low density liquid used as a manometric liquid in a physics laboratory?
  14. Why does velocity increase when water flowing in broader pipe enters a narrow pipe?
  15. Why does the speed of liquid increase and its pressure decrease through constriction in a horizontal pipe?
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. State properties of ideal fluid.
  2. Define pressure. State its SI unit and dimension.
  3. Define surface tension. State its SI unit & dimension.
  4. Why two or more mercury drops form a single drop when brought in contact with each other.
  5. What is capillarity? Hence state its any two applications.
  6. Define angle of contact. State the factors affecting the angle of contact.
  7. Draw a neat labelled diagram for a liquid surface in contact with solid, when the angle of contact is acute.
  8. Derive the relation between surface tension and surface energy. OR Show that the surface tension of a liquid is numerically equal to the surface energy per unit area.
  9. Obtain an expression for capillary rise or fall using pressure difference method.
  10. Derive an expression for pressure due to a liquid column.
  11. Draw a neat & labelled diagram of hydraulic brakes.
  12. State the effect of impurities on surface tension.
  13. State the effect of temperature on surface tension.
  14. Compare streamline flow & turbulent flow.
  15. Define critical velocity and state the formula in terms of Reynolds number.
  16. What is Reynolds number? What is its significance?
  17. Define coefficient of viscosity. State its formula & SI unit.
  18. State & explain Stokes law.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Explain phenomenon of surface tension on the basis of molecular theory.
  2. Draw & explain open tube manometer for the measurement of guage pressure.
  3. Obtain an expression for capillary rise or fall using forces method.
  4. Derive an expression for terminal velocity of a spherical object falling under gravity through a viscous medium.
  5. Obtain an expression for conservation of mass starting from the equation of continuity.
  6. Derive an expression for speed of a liquid flowing out through an orifice at a depth h below the free surface.(speed of efflux)
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Derive an expression for excess pressure inside a drop. OR Derive expression for Laplace law for a spherical membrane of bubble due to surface tension.
  2. Explain the capillary action.
CHAPTER 3: KINETIC THEORY OF GASES & RADIATION
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Mention the conditions under which a real gas obeys ideal gas equation.
  2. State the formula for ideal gas equation.
  3. On what factors do the degree of freedom depend?
  4. What will happen to the mean square speed of the molecules of a gas if the temperature of the gas increase?
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Define athermanous substance & diathermanous substance.
  2. Differentiate between ideal gas & real gas.
  3. When gas is heated its temperature increases. Explain this phenomenon based on kinetic theory of gases.
  4. State & explain Wein’s displacement law
  5. Show that for a monoatomic gas the ratio of two specific heats is 5:3.
  6. Show that for a diatomic gas the ratio of two specific heats is 7:5.
  7. Two vessels A and B are filled with same gas where the volume, temperature and pressure in vessel A is twice the volume temperature and pressure in vessel B. Calculate the ratio of the number of molecules of the gas in vessel A to that in vessel B.
  8. Explain on the basis of kinetic theory, how the pressure of gas changes if its volume is reduced at constant temperature.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Show that RMS velocity of a gas molecules is directly proportional to square root of its absolute temperature
  2. Show that average energy per molecule is proportional to the absolute temperature T of the gas.
  3. Calculate the ratio of two specific heats of polyatomic gas molecule.
  4. What is perfectly black body? How can it be realized in practice? OR What is perfectly black body? Explain Ferry’s black body.
  5. Explain the construction & working of Ferry’s black body.
  6. Explain the spectral distribution of blackbody radiation. OR Show graphical representation of energy distribution spectrum of perfectly black body.
  7. State & prove Kirchhoff’s law of heat radiation.
  8. State & prove Stefan-Boltzman law.
  9. Define i) coefficient of absorption ii) coefficient of reflection and iii) coefficient of transmission.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Derive an expression for average pressure of an ideal gas.
  2. Derive Mayer’s relation for molar specific heat of gases.
  3. State the law of equipartition of energy and hence calculate molar specific heat of monoatomic and diatomic gases at constant volume and constant pressure.
CHAPTER 4: THERMODYNAMICS
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. When two objects are said to be in thermal equilibrium?
  2. State Zeroth law of thermodynamics.
  3. What is thermodynamic process?
  4. Give an example of some familiar process in which heat is added to an object, without changing its temperature.
  5. Name the different macroscopic variables of system.
  6. A gas contained in a cylinder surrounded by a thick layer of insulating material is quickly compressed. Has there been a transfer of heat?
  7. What sets the limit on efficiency of a heat enegine?
  8. Why should a Carnot cycle have two isothermal two adiabatic processes?
  9. Define refrigeration.
  10. In which thermodynamic process the total internal energy of system remains constant?
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Differentiate between reversible & irreversible process.
  2. Draw P-V diagram showing positive work with varying pressure.
  3. Draw a neat labelled energy flow diagram of heat engine.
  4. Draw neat labelled diagram of schematic of refrigearator.
  5. Explain cyclic process.
  6. Write short note on free expansion in thermodynamic process.
  7. What is a thermodynamic process? Give any two types of it.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Explain the two different ways in which internal energy of a system can be changed.
  2. Write short note on classification of thermodynamic system.
  3. Write short note on thermodynamic equilibrium OR Define chemical equilibrium, mechanical equilibrium and thermal equilibrium.
  4. Explain thermodynamics of a isothermal process. OR Derive an expression for the work done during an isothermal process.
  5. Explain thermodynamics of a isobaric process.
  6. Explain thermodynamics of a isochoric process.
  7. A solar cooker and a pressure cooker both are used to cook food. Treating them as a thermodynamic system, discuss the similarities and difference between them.
  8. What are the elements of heat engine?
  9. Draw a PV diagram and explain the concept of positive and negative work done.
  10. Explain the performance of a refrigerator with the help of energy flow diagram.
  11. Explain heat addition during a thermodynamic process.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. State first law of thermodynamics and derive the relation between the change in internal energy (\(\Delta U\)), work done(W) and heat (Q).
  2. Explain the work done during a thermodynamic process.
  3. Explain the thermodynamics of adiabatic process.
CHAPTER 5: OSCILLATIONS
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Define linear simple harmonic motion.
  2. A simple pendulum is inside a space craft. What will be its periodic time?
  3. What is amplitude of SHM.
  4. State the formula for frequency of SHM in terms of force constant.
  5. What does the phase of \(\pi/2\) indicates in linear SHM.
  6. Define angular SHM.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Derive differential equation of linear SHM.
  2. Derive differential equation of angular SHM.
  3. Show that SHM is a projection of UCM on any diameter.
  4. Define second’s pendulum. Derive the formula for length of second’s pendulum.
  5. State the formula for angular frequency and time period of damped oscillations.
  6. Differentiate between free oscillation & forced oscillations.
  7. Differentiate between conical pendulum & simple pendulum.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Using differential equation of linear SHM, obtain the expression for (a) velocity in SHM (b) acceleration in SHM.
  2. Obtain an expression for resultant amplitude of composition of two SHM’s having same period along same path.
  3. Obtain an expression for period of simple pendulum performing SHM.
  4. Obtain an expression for the period of a magnet vibrating in a uniform magnetic field performing SHM.
  5. Derive differential equation for damped harmonic oscillations.
  6. State the three laws of simple pendulum.
  7. Draw the graphs of displacement, velocity and acceleration against phase angle, for a particle performing linear SHM from a) mean position b) positive extreme position.
  8. Show that a linear SHM is the projection of a UCM along any of its diameter.
  9. Define a) free oscillations b) forced oscillations c) resonance.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Using differential equation of linear SHM, obtain the expression for acceleration, velocity and displacement of SHM.
  2. Deduce the expression for kinetic energy, potential energy and total energy of a particle performing SHM.
CHAPTER 6: SUPERPOSITION OF WAVES
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. A wave is represented by an equation \(y= A \sin(Bx+Ct)\). Given that the constants A, B and C are positive, can you tell in which direction the wave is moving?
  2. Why wave motion is doubly periodic?
  3. What is interference of sound waves.
  4. What are beats?
  5. State any one characteristics of sound.
  6. Define waxing & wanning.
  7. State the formula for end correction of a pipe open at both ends.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. For a stationary wave set up in a string having both ends fixed, what is the ratio of the fundamental frequency to the third harmonic?
  2. What are stationary wave? Why are they called stationary wave?
  3. Distinguish between overtone & harmonic. OR What are harmonics and overtones.
  4. Distinguish between stationary wave & progressive wave.
  5. State the characteristics of progressive waves.
  6. State the characteristics of stationary waves.
  7. State any four applications of beats.
  8. Draw a neat labelled diagram of experimental setup of sonometer.
  9. Obtain the formula for end correction of a pipe open at both ends.
  10. State the characteristics of sound.
  11. Write short note on Quality or timbre.
  12. Differentiate between free vibrations and forced vibrations.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Find the amplitude of resultant wave produced due to interference of two waves given as \(y_1= A_1 \sin\omega t\) and \(y_2=A_2 \sin (\omega t+\phi)\)
  2. Derive an expression for equation of stationary wave on a stretched string.
  3. State and explain laws of vibrating strings.
  4. Show that only odd harmonics are present in the vibrations of air column in a pipe closed at one end.
  5. Prove that all harmonics are present in the vibrations of the air column in a pipe open at both ends.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Explain the formulation of stationary wave by analytical method. What are nodes and antinodes? Show that distance between two successive nodes or antinodes is \(\lambda/2\).
  2. Explain the production of beats and deduce analytically the expression for beat frequency.
  3. Explain reflection of transverse waves from denser medium.
CHAPTER 7: WAVE OPTICS
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What is the shape of the wavefront on earth for sunlight.
  2. What is the shape of wavefront at a point far away from the source of light.
  3. What is the relation between phase difference and optical path in terms of speed of light in vaccum.
  4. What should be the ratio of slit width to the wavelength for a single slit illuminated by light of wavelength \(\lambda\).
  5. Define plane of polarization.
  6. Define resolving power of telescope.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. State Huygens principle? Draw a spherical wavefront using Huygen’s principle.
  2. What are primary and secondary sources of light?
  3. What is wavefront? How is it releted to rays of light?
  4. What are the conditions for obtaining good interference pattern.(four)
  5. What is meant by coherent sources? What are the two methods for obtaining coherent sources in the laboratory?
  6. What is diffraction of light? How does it differ from interference?
  7. What are Fraunhoffer and Fresnel diffractions?
  8. Explain Rayleigh’s criterion for resolution.
  9. What is optical length? How it is differ from actual path length?
  10. State any two postulates of Newtons corpuscular theory.
  11. Compare Young’s double slit interference pattern and single slit diffraction pattern.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Derive the law’s of reflection of light using Huygen’s principle.
  2. Derive the law’s of refraction of light using Huygen’s principle.
  3. What is polarization? Derive Malus law.
  4. What is Brewster law? Derive the formula for Brewster angle.
  5. Describe Young’s double slit experiment with a neat diagram showing points of maximum and minimum intensity.
  6. Explain experimental setup for Fraunhoffer diffraction with neat diagram.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Describe Young’s double slit interference experiment and derive conditions for occurrence of dark & bright fringes. Define fringe width & derive formula for it.
  2. Derive the conditions for bright & dark fringes produced due to diffraction by a single slit.
  3. What is interference? Explain constructive & destructive interference with the help of diagram.
CHAPTER 8: ELECTROSTATICS
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What will be the electric field intensity at the centre of charged conducting hollow sphere?
  2. State the formula for giving the relation between electric field intensity & potential gradient.
  3. State the formula for electric field intensity at a point outside an infinitely long charged cylindrical conductor.
  4. What do you mean by dielectric polarization?
  5. What is equipotential surface?
  6. If the difference between the radii of the two spheres of a spherical capacitor is increased, state whether the capacitance will increase or decrease.
  7. A metal plate is introduced between the plates of charged parallel plate capacitor. What is its effect on the capacitance of the capacitor?
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What are polar & non polar dielectrics?
  2. Explain the principle of a capacitor.
  3. Obtain an expression for the electric intensity at a point outside uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.
  4. Obtain an expression for the electric field intensity at a point outside an infinitely long charged cylindrical conductor.
  5. What are free charges & bound charges?
  6. Draw a neat & labelled diagram of Van de Graff generator.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Derive an expression for effective capacitance of three parallel plate capacitors connected in series.
  2. Obtain an expression for energy stored in a charged condenser/ capacitor. Explain it in different forms.
  3. Write principle & explain construction of Van de graff generator.
  4. Derive an expression capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor without dielectric.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Obtain an expression for the potential energy of a dipole in an external field.
  2. Derive an expression capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with dielectric slab.
  3. Derive an expression for the electric potential due to an electric dipole.
CHAPTER 9: CURRENT ELECTRICITY
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. State Kirchhoff’s first (current) law.
  2. State Kirchhoff’s second (voltage) law.
  3. Are Kirchhoff’s laws applicable to both AC & DC circuits?
  4. Define potential gradient
  5. On what factor does the potential gradient of the wire depends?
  6. What is the SI unit of potential gradient?
  7. Why should not the jockey be sided along potentiometer wire?
  8. On what factor does the internal resistance of cell depends?
  9. What is the value of resistance for ideal ammeter.
  10. Define shunt.
  11. Define Galvanometer.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Distinguish between potentiometer and voltmeter.
  2. Define i) electrical circuit ii) junction
  3. State any two possible sources of error in meter bridge experiment. How can they be minimized?
  4. Explain the principle of potentiometer. OR Describe potentiometer.
  5. Distinguish between ammeter and voltmeter.
  6. State the uses of potentiometer. Why potentiometer is preferred over a voltmeter for measuring emf? OR state the advantages of potentiometer over voltmeter.
  7. What are the disadvantages of potentiometer over voltmeter?
  8. How will you convert moving coil galvanometer into ammeter?
  9. How will you convert moving coil galvanometer into voltmeter?
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Explain with the help of neat circuit diagram, how will you determine the unknown resistance by using meter bridge.
  2. Describe kelvin method to determine the resistance of galvanometer by using meter bridge.
  3. Obtain the balancing condition in case of Wheatstone bridge.
  4. Describe the use of potentiometer to compare the emfs of two cells by using individual cell method.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Describe with the help of a neat circuit diagram how will you determine the internal resistance of cell using potentiometer. Derive necessary formula.
  2. Describe how potentiometer is used to compare emf of two cells by combination method.
CHAPTER 10: MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO ELECTRIC CURRENT
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What is the value of force on a closed circuit in a magnetic field B?
  2. What is the formula for magnetic force acting on a charged particle?
  3. What is Lorentz force?
  4. What is solenoid?
  5. What is toroid?
  6. State the orientation of magnetic dipole with respect to magnetic field, which possess maximum magnetic potential energy.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of suspended type moving coil galvanometer.
  2. Derive an expression for magnetic force acting on straight wire carrying current.
  3. State the formula for magnetic potential energy of a dipole and hence obtain the minimum and maximum magnetic potential energy.
  4. With the help of suitable diagram state the expression for Biot Saverts law in vector form.
  5. Derive the expression for magnetic field produced by the circular arc of wire.
  6. What is cyclotron? State it’s principle of working.
  7. Obtain an expression for magnetic field of a toroid.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Explain cyclotron motion and cyclotron formula.
  2. State & explain Ampere circuital law.
  3. Obtain an expression for magnetic field inside a solenoid. OR Using Amperes law, derive an expression for the magnetic induction inside an ideal solenoid carrying a steady current.
  4. Derive an expression for the net torque on a rectangular current carrying loop placed in a uniform magnetic field with its rotational axis perpendicular to the field.
  5. Explain the construction and working of moving coil galvanometer. OR Show that current flowing through a moving coil galvanometer is directly proportional to the angle of deflection of coil.
  6. Derive an expression for axial magnetic field produced by current in circular loop.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Show that currents in two long straight parallel wires exert forces on each other. Derive the expression for the force per unit length on each conductor.
  2. Using Biot Saverts law, obtain an expression for the magnetic field near a straight infinitely long current carrying wire.
CHAPTER 11: MAGNETIC MATERIALS
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Which property of soft iron makes it useful for preparing electromagnet?
  2. What happens to a ferromagnetic material when its temperature increases above curie temperature?
  3. Give the formula for gyromagnetic ratio?
  4. State the formula for the Bohr magnetron.
  5. What does the ratio of magnetization to magnetic intensity indicates?
  6. The relative permeability of medium is 0.075. What is its magnetic susceptibility?
  7. State the formula for orbital magnetic moment of the revolving electron.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Define magnetization. State its SI unit and dimension.
  2. What is gyromagnetic ratio? Write necessary expression.
  3. What is magnetic intensity and magnetic susceptibility?
  4. Derive the relation between magnetic field intensity H and magnetization M for a magnetic material placed in magnetic field.
  5. Differentiate between paramagnetic and ferromagnetic substance.
  6. Differentiate between diamagnetic and paramagnetic substance.
  7. Give any two point of difference between diamagnetic and ferromagnetic substance.
  8. Draw the diagrams showing the dipole moments in a paramagnetic substance when external magnetic field is a) absent b) strong
  9. Show that orbital magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron is evr/2.
  10. What should be retentivity and coercivity of a permanent magnet.
  11. What does the hysteresis loop represents?
  12. Explain one application of electromagnet.
  13. Discuss Curie law for paramagnetic materials.
  14. Calculate the gyro magnetic ratio of electron.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Obtain an expression for orbital magnetic moment of an electron rotating about the nucleus in an atom.
  2. Obtain the expression for Bohr magnetron.
  3. Explain ferromagnetism on the basis of domain theory.
  4. Derive an expression for period of angular oscillation of a bar magnet.
CHAPTER 12: ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What do you mean by electromagnetic induction?
  2. A uniform magnetic field B, pointing upward fills a circular region of radius s in horizontal plane. If B changes with time, find the induced emf.
  3. State the mathematical relation between number of turns in primary coil to secondary coil in step u transformer.
  4. State Lenz’s law.
  5. Define self-inductance.
  6. What does the negative sign indicates in Lenz’s law?
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. State Faraday’s Laws of electromagnetic induction.
  2. Derive an expression for emf (e) generated in length (l) moving in uniform magnetic field (B) with uniform velocity (V) along x axis.
  3. Derive an expression for energy stored in the magnetic field in terms of induced current.
  4. What are eddy current? State applications of eddy currents.
  5. Explain why inductance of two coils connected in parallel is less than the inductance of either coil.
  6. Define Coefficient of self inductance. State its formula & SI unit.
  7. Define mutual inductance. State its formula & SI unit.
  8. Distinguish between step up and step down transformer.
  9. What is transformer? State the working principle of transformer.
  10. Define coefficient of coupling? State the formula for it.
  11. State the formula for inductance in series & inductance in parallel.
  12. Draw a neat labelled diagram of AC generator.
  13. Derive an expression for motional emf in a rotating bar.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. State and explain Lenz’s law in the light of principle of energy.
  2. Obtain an expression for the self-inductance of a solenoid.
  3. Derive an expression for energy density of a magnetic field.
  4. A long solenoid of length l, cross sectional area A and having \(N_1\) turns (primary coil) has a small coil of \(N_2\) turns (secondary coil) wound about its center. Determine the mutual inductance M of two coils.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. With the help of suitable diagram describe working of transformer. Hence derive an expression for the ratio of emfs in terms of number of turns in primery and secondary coil.
  2. Find an expression for power expended in pulling a conducting loop out of a magnetic field.
CHAPTER 13: AC CIRCUITS
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What is wattless current?
  2. What is phasor?
  3. For very high frequency AC supply, capacitor behaves like a pure conductor. Why?
  4. State the formula for average value of alternating emf over full cycle.
  5. State the formula for rms value of an alternating current over full cycle.
  6. State the equation for impedance Z in the AC circuit.
  7. What is the relation between average current and rms current over half cycle.
  8. In LCR series circuit, what is the condition for current resonance?
  9. Differentiate between series resonance circuit and parallel resonance circuit.
  10. State the formula for power factor of an LCR circuit.
  11. What is the value of power dissipated in purely resistance circuit?
  12. What is the value of power dissipated in purely inductor circuit?
  13. What is the value of power dissipated in purely capacitor circuit?
  14. Define Q factor for resonance.
  15. Define Average value of an alternating emf.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What is the average or mean value of an alternating emf? Obtain the expression for it.
  2. Compare resistance and reactance.
  3. Draw a phasor diagram showing e and i in the case of purely inductive circuit.
  4. Draw a phasor diagram showing e and i in the case of purely capacitive circuit.
  5. What is the natural frequency of LC parallel resonant circuit? What is the reactance of this circuit at this frequency?
  6. What is meant by impedance? State the formula for it in the case of LCR Circuit.
  7. State any two characteristics of LCR series resonant circuit.
  8. State any two characteristics of LC parallel resonant circuit.
  9. Differentiate between series resonance circuit and parallel resonance circuit.
  10. What is choke coil? State its uses?
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. State the rms value of an alternating current? Write the relation between the rms value and peak value of an alternating current that varies with time.
  2. Explain the terms a) inductive reactance b) capacitive reactance c) impedence
  3. Obtain an expression for average power dissipated in a purely resistance AC circuit.
  4. Show that in an AC circuit containing pure inductor, the voltage is ahead of current in phase by \(\pi/2\) rad.
  5. When an AC source is connected to an ideal inductor show that the average power supplied by the source over a complete cycle is zero.
  6. Prove that an ideal capacitor in an AC circuit does not dissipate power.
  7. An emf \(e=e_0 \sin \omega t\) applied to a series LCR circuit derives a current \(i=i_0 \sin (\omega t \pm \phi)\) in the circuit. Deduce the expression for the average power dissipated in the circuit.
  8. Explain electrical resonance in LC parallel circuit. Deduce the expression for the resonant frequency of the circuit.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. An AC source generating a voltage \(e=e_0 \sin \omega t\) is connected to a capacitor of capacitance C. Find the expression for the current i through it. Plot graph of e and i versus \(\omega t\).
  2. A device Y is connected across an AC source of emf \(e=e_0 \sin \omega t\). The current through Y is given as \(i=i_0 \sin (\omega t+\pi/2)\).
    a) Identify the device Y and write the expression for its reactance.
    b) Draw the graph showing variation of emf and current with time over one cycle of AC for Y.
    c) Draw phasor diagram for device Y.
  3. Derive an expression for the impedance of an LCR circuit connected to an AC power supply.
CHAPTER 14: DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What is photoelectric effect?
  2. Can microwave be used in the experiment on photoelectric effect?
  3. It is always possible to see the photoelectric effect with the red light?
  4. Which metal will require the highest frequency of radiation to generate photocurrent?
  5. State the importance of Davisson & Germer experiment.
  6. Define photoelectrons.
  7. Define photosensitive material.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Define i) threshold frequency ii) threshold wavelength
  2. Define i) Stopping potential or cut off potential ii) Photoelectric work function
  3. Write four applications of photo cell.
  4. What do you understand by the term wave particle duality? Where does it apply?
  5. Explain the inverse linear dependence of stopping potential on the incident wavelength in a photoelectric effect experiment.
  6. Explain how wave theory of light fails to explain the characteristics of photoelectric effect.
  7. Draw a neat labelled circuit diagram of experimental set up of photoelectric effect.
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. State Einstein’s photoelectric equation. Explain two characteristics of photoelectric effect on the basis of Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
  2. Explain any three observations from the experiment on photoelectric effect.
  3. Describe the construction of photoelectric cell.
  4. Derive an expression for De Broglie wavelength.
  5. What is de Broglie hypothesis? Obtain the relation for de Broglie wavelength.
  6. With the help of labelled circuit diagram, describe the experiment to study the characteristics of photoelectric effect.
FOUR MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. With a neat labelled diagram, describe the Davisson & Germer experiment in support of the concept of matter waves.
  2. Explain De Broglie hypothesis.
CHAPTER 15: STRUCTURE OF ATOMS AND NUCLEI
One Marks Questions
  1. What is the angular momentum of an electron in first excited state for hydrogen atom?
  2. In which electromagnetic spectrum for hydrogen, does the Lyman series lies?
  3. State the names of visible series in Hydrogen spectrum.
  4. How much energy must be supplied to hydrogen atom, to free the electron in the ground state?
  5. State the value of minimum excitation energy for hydrogen atom.
  6. What is nuclear energy?
  7. What is radioactivity?
  8. What is mass defect?
Two Marks Questions
  1. State the difficulties faced by Rutherford’s atomic model.
  2. Derive an expression for the radius of \(n^{th}\) Bohr orbit of the electron in hydrogen atom. OR
  3. Show that the radius of Bohr orbit is directly proportional to the square of the principle quantum number.
  4. State any two limitations of Bohr’s atomic model.
  5. With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the Geiger-Marsden experiment.
  6. State Bohr seconds postulate for atomic model. Express it in its mathematical form.
  7. Obtain an expression for decay law of radioactivity.
  8. Define atomic number and mass number.
  9. What are isotopes? Give one example.
  10. What are isotones? Give one example.
  11. Explain what are nuclear fission and nuclear fusion giving one example each.
  12. What is the difference between nuclear reactor and nuclear bomb?
  13. Explain nuclear binding energy.
Three Marks Questions
  1. State the postulates of Bohr’s atomic model.
  2. Derive the expression for the energy of an electron in the atom.
  3. Define excitation energy, binding energy and ionization energy of an electron in an atom.
  4. Obtain an expression for half life time of a radioactive material. Hence state the relation between average life and half life time of a radioactive material.
  5. Show that for radioactive decay \(N(t)= N_0 e^{-\lambda t}\) , where symbols have their usual meaning.
  6. What are alpha, beta and gamma decays and write down the formulae for the energies generated in each of these decays.
  7. Starting from the formula for energy of an electron in the \(n^{th}\) orbit of hydrogen atom, derive the formula for the wavelengths of Lymen and Balmer series spectral lines.
Four Marks Questions
  1. State the postulates of Bohr’s atomic model. Hence show energy of electron varies inversely to the square of principle quantum number.
  2. Using the expression for the radius of orbit of Hydrogen atom, show that the linear speed varies inversely to principle quantum number n and the angular speed varies inversely to the cube of principle quantum number n.
  3. Obtain an expression for wave number, when electron jumps from higher energy orbit to lower energy orbit.
  4. Obtain an expression for decay law of radioactivity. Hence show that the activity \(A(t)=\lambda N_0 e^{-\lambda t}\)
CHAPTER 16: SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
ONE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. What is the purpose of capacitor filter circuit in a regulated power supply?
  2. State advantages of full wave rectifier.
  3. State any two special purpose diodes.
  4. What is the need of rectification in regulatefd power supply?
  5. On what factor does the wavelength of light emitted by a LED dpend?
  6. Why should a photodiode be operated in reverse biased mode?
  7. Why the base of a transistor mode is thin and is lightly doped?
  8. Which method of biasing is used for operating transistor as an amplifier?
  9. Give circuit symbol of a Zener diode.
  10. State any two applications of Zener diode.
  11. Draw a circuit symbol of PNP transistor or NPN transistor.
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Draw a neat and labelled circuit diagram of full wave rectifier using semiconductor diode.
  2. Draw a neat labelled circuit diagram for transistor as common emitter amplifier.
  3. State any two advantages and disadvantages of photodiode.
  4. Draw a block diagram of a simple rectifier circuit with respective output waveform.
  5. How zener diode is different than ordinary diode?
  6. State the principle and uses of a solar cell.
  7. Why do we need filters in a power supply?
  8. Why is the emitter, the base and the collector of a BJT doped differently?
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
  1. Draw the circuit diagram of a half wave rectifier. Explain its working.
  2. Explain the working of a LED.
  3. Explain the construction and working of solar cell.
  4. Explain the principle of operation of a photodiode.
  5. Explain how Zener diode maintains constant voltage across a load. OR With the help of neat circuit diagram explain the use of Zener diode as a voltage regulator.
  6. Explain the forward and reverse characteristics of a Zener diode.
  7. What do you mean by a logic gate, a truth table and a Boolean expression?
  8. What is logic gate? Write down the truth table and Boolean expression for AND gate.
  9. What are the uses of logic gates? Why a NOT gate known as an inverter?
  10. Write Boolean expression for (i) OR gate (ii) AND gate, and (iii) NAND gate.
  11. Define \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\). Derive the relation between them.
  12. Explain the working of PNP transistor.
FOUR MARKS QUESTION
  1. Define rectifier. Draw a neat diagram of full wave rectifier and explain its working.
  2. With the help neat circuit diagram, explain transistor as an amplifier.
  3. Draw the circuit diagram to study the characteristics of transistor in common emitter mode. Draw the input and output characteristics.
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