1. The Ganga Plain is the World's most extensive alluvial plain formed by the slit of numerous rivers. The Ganga, Yamuna, Chambal, Gomati, Ghaghara and Kosi are the major rivers in the Plain.
2. The Plain being flat is conducive to irrigation through canals. It is also rich in groundwater. So it is one of the world's most intensely farmed areas.
3. The low-lying flood zone of the rivers in the Upper Ganga Plain is known as 'Khadar'. It has new alluvium, while the uplands representing older alluvium are called 'Bangar'. In this Plain, there is a 30 Km wide 'Bhabar' belt lying to the south of the Shiwalik range.
4. The Middle Ganga Plain, which is less than 100 metres above sea level has a homogeneous physiographic. Its fluvial (river) landscape is characterized by natural levees, meanders, ox-bow lakes and sandy ridges along the river valleys.
5. The lower Ganga Plain has a very low relief. The floodplains and foothills of th3e eastern Himalayas in Jalpaiguri and Darjiling districts are called 'Duars'. They form the gateway to Bhutan from India.
