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BOARD QUESTION PAPER: MARCH 2020

Science and Technology Part - 1

Q.1. (A) Write the correct alternative: [5 Marks]

i. According to Mendeleev's periodic law, properties of elements are periodic function of their _________.

(A) Atomic numbers

(B) Atomic masses

(D) Boiling points

ii. The vapour content in the air is measured using a physical quantity called _________.

(A) Absolute humidity

(B) Relative humidity

(D) Humidity

iii. For the normal human eye, the near point is at _________ cm.

(A) 10

(B) 20

(D) 30

iv. The astronomical object closest to us is _________.

(A) Mars

(B) Venus

(D) Moon

v. In the Wilfley table method, the particles of gangue are separated by _________ separation method.

(A) Magnetic

(B) Froth floatation

(D) Gravitational

Q.1. (B) Answer the following: [5 Marks]

i. Find the odd one out: Voltmeter, Ammeter, Thermometer, Galvanometer.

Answer: Thermometer (It measures temperature, whereas the others measure electrical quantities).

ii. Complete the correlation: Alkene: \(C=C\) :: Alkyne: _________

Answer: \(C \equiv C\) (Carbon-Carbon Triple Bond).

iii. State true or false: The frequency of AC is 50 Hz.

Answer: True.

iv. Match the Columns:

The wavelength of red light

700 nm

v. Name the first artificial satellite sent by Russia in space.

Answer: Sputnik 1.

Q.2. (A) Give scientific reasons (any two): [4 Marks]

i. The weight of an object changes from place to place though its mass is constant.

Reason:

Mass is the quantity of matter contained in an object, which remains constant everywhere.
Weight is the force with which the Earth attracts an object, given by \(W = m \times g\).
The value of gravitational acceleration (\(g\)) changes from place to place due to the Earth's shape (polar vs. equatorial radius) and height above the surface.
Therefore, weight varies while mass remains constant.

ii. Stars twinkle but we do not see the twinkling of planets.

Reason:

Stars are very distant point sources of light. Atmospheric refraction causes the path of light to fluctuate, leading to a change in apparent position and brightness (twinkling).
Planets are much closer to Earth and behave as extended sources (a collection of many point sources).
The fluctuations in light from different points on a planet cancel each other out, resulting in a stable average brightness. Hence, planets do not twinkle.

iii. Elements belonging to the same group have the same valency.

Reason:

The valency of an element is determined by the number of valence electrons (electrons in the outermost shell).
Elements in the same group of the periodic table possess the same number of valence electrons.
Therefore, they exhibit the same valency.

Q.2. (B) Answer the following (any three): [6 Marks]

i. How much heat energy is necessary to raise the temperature of 5 kg of water from \(20^{\circ}C\) to \(100^{\circ}C\)?

Solution:
Given: Mass (\(m\)) = 5 kg, \(\Delta T\) = \(100^{\circ}C - 20^{\circ}C = 80^{\circ}C\).
Specific heat of water (\(c\)) = 1 kcal/kg\(^{\circ}C\).
Formula: \(Heat (Q) = m \times c \times \Delta T\)
Calculation: \(Q = 5 \times 1 \times 80 = 400 \text{ kcal}\).
Answer: 400 kcal of heat energy is required.

ii. Observe the given figure of Fleming's Right Hand Rule and write the labels of A and B correctly.

[Image of Fleming's Right Hand Rule]

A: Magnetic Field (Index Finger)
B: Induced Current (Middle Finger)

iii. Observe the graph regarding water temperature and volume:

a. Name the process: Anomalous behavior of water.
b. At what temperature does this process take place? Between \(0^{\circ}C\) and \(4^{\circ}C\).

iv. Complete the reaction: \(CuSO_{4}(aq) + Fe(s) \rightarrow \_\_\_ + \_\_\_\). Name the type.

Completed Reaction: \(CuSO_{4}(aq) + Fe(s) \rightarrow FeSO_{4}(aq) + Cu(s)\)
Type of Reaction: Displacement Reaction.

v. Write a short note on Alloying.

Answer: Alloying is the process of mixing a metal with other metals or non-metals in specific proportions to improve its physical properties. It creates a homogeneous mixture. For example, Stainless Steel is an alloy of Iron, Chromium, and Carbon, which resists rusting.

Q.3. Answer the following (any five): [15 Marks]

i. An element has its electronic configuration as 2, 8, 2.

a. Atomic number: 12 (2 + 8 + 2).
b. Group: Group 2 (based on 2 valence electrons).
c. Period: Period 3 (based on 3 shells).

ii. Observe the given figure showing the orbit of a planet moving around the Sun and write the three laws related to it:

Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion:

First Law (Law of Orbits): The orbit of a planet is an ellipse with the Sun at one of the foci.
Second Law (Law of Areas): The line joining the planet and the Sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of time.
Third Law (Law of Periods): The square of the period of revolution of a planet around the Sun is directly proportional to the cube of the mean distance of the planet from the Sun (\(T^2 \propto r^3\)).

iii. Read the passage about home electrical connections (Fuse) and answer:

a. Name the two wires having potential difference of 220 V: Live wire and Neutral wire.
b. What is short circuit? When the live and neutral wires come in direct contact (due to damaged insulation), the resistance of the circuit decreases drastically, causing a very large current to flow. This is called a short circuit.
c. Function of a fuse: A fuse is a safety device with a low melting point. It melts and breaks the circuit when the current exceeds a safe limit, preventing damage to appliances and fire hazards.

iv. Observe the figure of light passing through a glass slab:

a. Process: Refraction of light.
b. Laws related to the process:

The incident ray, the refracted ray, and the normal to the interface of two transparent media at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane.
For a given pair of media, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant (Snell's Law: \(n = \frac{\sin i}{\sin r}\)).

v. What is an artificial satellite? Name any two types and their functions.

Definition: A man-made object that revolves around the Earth or any other planet in a fixed orbit is called an artificial satellite.
Types:

Weather Satellite: Study and prediction of weather conditions.
Communication Satellite: Establish communication between different locations on Earth.

vi. Hydrocarbons:

a. Define: Compounds containing only Carbon and Hydrogen are called Hydrocarbons.
b. Types: Saturated Hydrocarbons (Alkanes) and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons (Alkenes and Alkynes).
c. Examples: Methane (\(CH_4\)), Ethane (\(C_2H_6\)).

vii. Observe the Reactivity Series figure and answer:

a. Metals reacting with water: Potassium (K) and Sodium (Na).
b. Moderately reactive metals: Magnesium (Mg), Aluminium (Al), Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe).
c. Most reactive: Potassium; Least reactive: Gold.

viii. Complete the table (Hydrocarbons):

Straight chain	Molecular formula	Name
C-C	\(C_2H_6\)	Ethane
C-C-C	\(C_3H_8\)	Propane
C-C-C-C	\(C_4H_{10}\)	Butane

Q.4. Answer any one of the following: [5 Marks]

i. Draw a scientifically correct labelled diagram of a human eye and answer questions:

[Image of Human Eye Diagram]

a. Type of lens in the human eye: Double Convex lens (crystalline lens).
b. Name the screen at which maximum amount of incident light is refracted? Cornea (Note: Most refraction happens at the cornea, though the image forms on the retina).
c. Nature of image formed on the screen: Real and Inverted.

ii. Observe the picture regarding Corrosion/Rusting:

a. What is rust? A reddish-brown flaky substance formed on the surface of iron due to the attack of moist air.
b. Chemical formula of rust: \(Fe_2O_3 \cdot H_2O\)
c. Reaction at Anode (Oxidation): \(Fe(s) \rightarrow Fe^{2+}(aq) + 2e^-\)
d. Reaction at Cathode (Reduction): \(O_2(g) + 4H^+(aq) + 4e^- \rightarrow 2H_2O(l)\)
e. What is corrosion? It is the slow degradation of metals due to the action of atmospheric gases, moisture, and acids on their surface.