Industrial Clusters in Tamil Nadu | Economics Class 10 | One Mark Answers

Industrial Clusters in Tamil Nadu | Economics

Chapter: 10th Social Science : Economics : Chapter 5 : Industrial Clusters in Tamil Nadu

I. Choose the correct answer

1. ‘The Detroit of Asia’ is ___________

a) Tuticorin

b) Coimbatore

c) Chennai

d) Madurai

Ans: (c) Chennai

2. Pumpsets and motors are produced mostly in

a) Salem

b) Coimbatore

c) Chennai

d) Dharampuri

Ans: (b) Coimbatore

3.___________ are an essential aspect of a nation’s development.

a) agriculture

b) industry

c) railway

d) none of these

Ans: (b) industry

4. Tiruppur is known for

a) Leather tanning

b) Lock making

c) Knitwear

d) Agro-processing

Ans: (c) Knitwear

5. A successful industrial cluster entirely created by the Tamil Nadu is

a) Hosur

b) Dindigul

c) Kovilpatti

d) Tirunelveli

Ans: (a) Hosur

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Hundred of leather and tannery facilities are located around Vellore District in Tamil Nadu.

2. Special Economic Zones policy was introduced on in April 2000.

3. Entrepreneur is an innovator of new ideas and business processes.

III. Pick out odd one

1. Which one of the following is not having leather factories?

a) Ranipet

b) Dharmapuri

c) Ambur

d) Vaniyambadi

Ans: (b) Dharmapuri

2. Which one of the following is not a industrial developing agency?

a) TIDCO

b) SIDCO

c) MEPZ

d) SIPCOT

Ans: (c) MEPZ

IV. Match the following

Match the items in Column A with the items in Column B.

1. Entrepreneur

2. MEPZ

3. Indian Ordance Factory

4. TNPL

5. Machester of south India

A. Export Processing Zone

B. Coimbatore

C. Organizer

D. Aravankadu

E. Karur

---

Answers

1. Entrepreneur - Organizer

2. MEPZ - Export Processing Zone

3. Indian Ordance Factory - Aravankadu

4. TNPL - Karur

5. Machester of south India - Coimbatore

Food Security and Nutrition: Detailed Answers | Class 10 Economics Chapter 3

10th Social Science: Economics

Chapter 3: Food Security and Nutrition

VI. Answer in detail

1. Elucidate why the Green Revolution was born.

(i) When priority was given to industrialisation, it affected agriculture and led to droughts.

(ii) So India was pushed to be dependent on imports of food grains.

(iii) India had to plead for food grains from richer countries at concessional rates.

(iv) United States of America came forward to help India through PL 480 scheme.

(v) India with a massive population growing hungry was perceived to be a potential candidate for revolution.

(vi) The American administration and philanthropic organisations like Ford Foundation formulated a plan to increase food production by introducing high yielding variety of wheat and rice.

(vii) This programme was implemented in select districts where irrigation was assured

(viii) As the results were promising, the programme was extended to a larger number of districts.

(ix) Thus Green Revolution was born in India leading to self sufficiency in food grain production.

2. Explain Minimum Support Price.

(i) Minimum Support Price is a price fixed by an expert group for a particular crop by considering various costs involved in the cultivation of that crop.

(ii) After announcing the MSP, the State will open procurement centres in places where these crops are widely grown.

(iii) However, the farmers are free to sell the crops in the open market if they get a better price for their crop produce.

(iv) On the other hand, if the open market price is lower than the MSP, the farmers would get an assured price (the MSP) by selling their produce to the Food Corporation of India.

3. Elaborate the Public Distribution System.

Tamil Nadu has adopted an universal PDS. Under universal PDS all the family ration card holders are entitled to the supplies from PDS.

Targeted PDS:

(i) The rest of the states adopt targeted PDS. Under targeted PDS, the beneficiaries are identified based on certain criteria and given their entitlements, leaving out the rest.

(ii) Both the union and the state governments subsidise the supplies distributed through PDS.

(iii) The level and quantum of subsidy also vary across states.

(iv) The National Food Security Act of 2013 covers 50% of urban households and 75% of rural households.

(v) These households are known as priority households. These priority households have the right to food supplied through PDS.

(vi) The Union government supplies rice at the rate of ₹ 3 per kg, wheat at the rate of ₹ 2 per kilo, and millets at the rate of ₹ 1 per kg under NFSA.

(vii) In Tamil Nadu rice is supplied free of cost to all card holders.

4. What are the factors affecting the purchasing power and explain them.

Over population:

Large population leads to increase in demand, but supply does not increase as the demand. So, the price goes up. It affects purchasing power, especially in rural population.

Increasing prices of essential goods:

Even though there has been a constant growth in the GDP and growth opportunities in the Indian economy, there have been steady increase in the prices of essential goods. The continuous rise in the prices erodes the purchasing power and adversely affect the poor people.

Demand for goods:

When demand for goods increases, the price of goods increases and then the purchasing power is affected.

Price of goods affect the value of currency:

When the price increases the purchasing power decreases and finally the value of currency decreases and vice versa.

Production and supply of goods:

When the production and supply of goods decline, the price of goods increases, then the purchasing power is affected.

Poverty and inequality:

There exists a huge economic disparity in the Indian economy. Some people are becoming richer and richer. This has led to an increase in the poverty level in the society. Generally unequal distribution of wealth and poverty affect purchasing power.

5. What are the main objectivies of the new Agricultural Policy?

Raising the productivity of inputs:

One of the important objectives of India's agricultural policy is to improve the productivity of inputs so purchased like, HYV seeds, fertilisers, pesticides, irrigation projects etc.

Raising value-added per hectare:

Agricultural policy is to increase per hectare value - added by raising the productivity of agriculture in general and productivity of small and marginal holding in particular.

Protecting the interests of poor farmers:

Agricultural policy is proposed to protect the interests of poor and marginal farmers by abolishing intermediaries through land reforms, expanding institutional credit support to poor farmers etc.

Modernising agricultural sector:

Agricultural policy supports the introduction of modern technology in agricultural operations and application of improved agricultural inputs like HYV seeds, fertilizers etc.

Environmental degradation:

Agricultural policy of India has set another objective to check environmental degradation of natural base of Indian agriculture.

Removing bureaucratic obstacles;

The policy has set another objective to remove bureaucratic obstacles on the farmers' co-operative societies and self-help institutions so that they can work independently.

VII. Activity and Project

1. Visit nearby “Uzhavar Sandhai” and collect the information about the functions of market.

2. Collect information about health centre functioning nearby your location.

Short Answers on Food Security and Nutrition | Class 10 Economics Chapter 3

Food Security and Nutrition

Economics | Social Science - Answer in short

Chapter: 10th Social Science : Economics : Chapter 3 : Food Security and Nutrition

V. Answer in short

1. Define food security according to FAO.

"Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."

2. What are the basic three components of of food and nutrition security?

There are three basic components.

i. Availability of food is physical availability of food stocks in desired quantities, which is a function of domestic production, changes in stocks and imports.

ii. Access to food is primarily a matter of purchasing power and is therefore closely linked with the capabilities and employment opportunities to earn.

iii. Absorption of food is the ability to biologically utilise the food consumed.

3. What is the role of FCI in Green Revolution?

(i) Minimum Support Price was announced for the grains at the beginning of the season.

(ii) The State procured the harvested grains through the Food Corporation of India.

(iii) The FCI had built huge storage godowns and buffer stocks of food grains were stored during the harvest season to be distributed all through the year.

(iv) The farmers will get an assured price by selling their produce to the FCI.

4. What are the effects of Green Revolution?

(i) The area of food grains cultivation has increased.

(ii) India has attained self sufficiency in food grain production through HYV programme.

(iii) The food situation has steadily improved oyer a period of 65 years.

(iv) The increase in food grain production led to technological inventions in the dairy, poultry and fisheries sectors.

(v) It resulted in eightfold increase in milk production and 40 fold increase in fish production.

5. Write some name of the nutrition programmes in Tamil Nadu.

(i) Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Nutrition Meal Programme

(ii) National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education

(iii) General ICDS Projects and Worid Bank Assisted Integrated Child Development Services

(iv) Pradhan Manthri Gramodaya Yojana Scheme

(v) Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme

(vi) Mid-Day Meal Programme

Globalization and Trade: Short Answers | Class 10 Economics Chapter 2

Globalization and Trade

10th Social Science : Economics : Chapter 2 : Give Short Answers

1. What is globalization?

(i) Globalization is the integration of country with the world economy. Basically, globalization signifies a process of internationalization plus liberalization:

2. Write the types of globalization.

(i) Archaic Globalization

(ii) Proto Globalization

(iii) Modern Globalization

3. Write short note on Multinational corporation.

(i) Multinational Corporation is a Corporate organization which owns or controls production of goods or services in at least one country other than its home country.

(ii) It is also called Transnational Corporation or Multinational Enterprise.

(iii) Ex.: Bajaj, TVS, State Bank of India, Amul and Infosys

4. What are the reforms made to adopt globalization?

(i) Abolition of Industrial licensing, except for a few industries.

(ii) Reduction in the number of industries reserved for public sector.

(iii) Fixation of a realistic exchange rate of rupee to exchange exports of Indian goods.

(iv) Foreign exchanges regulations were suitably amended.

5. What is Fair trade ?

Fair trade is a way of doing business that ultimately aims to keep small farmers an active part of the world market place. It aims to empower consumers to make purchases that support their values.

6. Write any two principles of Fair Trade Practices.

(i) Creating opportunities for economically disadvantaged producers.

(ii) Transparency and accountability

(iii) Respect for the environment.

7. Write short note on TRIPs and TRIMs.

TRIPs:

(i) Intellectual Property Rights may be defined as Information with a common Value.

(ii) Under TRIPs Patent shall be available for any invention whether product or process in all fields of industrial technologies.

(iii) TRIPs agreement covers seven areas of intellectuals property rights.

TRIMs:

(i) The Uruguay Round Agreement on TRIMs refers to certain conditions or restrictions imposed by a government in respect of foreign investment in the country. It is to give adequate provisions for the home industries to develop.

8. Write any two positive impact of Globalization.

(i) A better economy introduces rapid development of the capital market.

(ii) Standard of living has increased.

(iii) Globalization rapidly increases better trade so that more people are employed.

GDP and its Growth: Short Answer Questions | Economics Class 10

Gross Domestic Product and its Growth: an Introduction

10th Social Science : Economics : Chapter 1

Give short answer

1. Define National income.

National income is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced by an economy over a period of time, normally a year.

2. What is meant by Gross domestic product?

Gross Domestic Product is the total value of output of goods and services produced by the factors of production within the geographical boundaries of the country.

3. Write the importance of Gross domestic product.

(i) Study of Economic growth

(ii) Problems of inflation and deflation

(iii) Estimate the purchasing power

(iv) Guide to economic planning

(v) Comparison with developd countries of the world

(vi) Study of Public sector

4. What is per capita income?

(i) Per capita income is obtained by dividing the National income by the population of a country.

(ii) Per capita income = National income / Population

(iii) It is an indicator to show the living standard of people in a country.

5. Define the value added approach with example.

(i) In the value-added approach the value added by each intermediate goods is summed to estimate the value of the final goods.

(ii) The sum of the value added by all the intermediate goods used in production gives us the total value of the final goods produced in the economy.

(iii) Eg. To measure the market value of a cup of tea is, to add the value of each intermediate goods used to produce it such as tea powder, milk and sugar.

(iv) Value added method: Tea powder + Milk + Sugar = Tea

                   Value of intermediate goods = Value of final goods

6. Write the name of ecnomic policies in India.

(i) Agricultural policy

(ii) Industrial policy

(iii) New economic policy

7. Write a short note
i) Gross National Happiness(GNH)
ii) Human Development Index(HDI)

Gross National Happiness:

(i) The term Gross National Happiness was coined in 1972.

(ii) The king of Bhutan said in an interview, "Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product".

(iii) The UN General Assembly urged its member countries to follow the example of Bhutan and said happiness "a fundamental human goal".

(iv) The four pillars of GNH are:-

(v) Sustainable and equitable socio - economic development, environmental conservation, preservation and promotion of culture and good governance.

Human Development Index (HDI):

(i) This concept was introduced by Mahbub ul Haq, a Pakistani economist.

(ii) The HDI is a composite index of life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate and standard of living measured as a logarithmatic function of GDP, adjusted to purchasing power parity.

India's Foreign Policy: One Mark Questions and Answers | Class 10 Civics Chapter 4

India’s Foreign Policy

Class 10 Social Science | Civics: Chapter 4 | One Mark Questions & Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

1. Which Minister plays a vital role in molding foreign policy of our country?

• (a) Defense Minister
• (b) Prime Minister
• (c) External Affairs Minister
• (d) Home Minister

Ans: (c)

2. The Panchaseel treaty has been signed between

• (a) India and Nepal
• (b) India and Pakistan
• (c) India and China
• (d) India and Sri Lanka

Ans: (c)

3. Which article of Indian constitution directs to adopt foreign policy?

• (a) Article 50
• (b) Article 51
• (c) Article 52
• (d) Article 53

Ans: (b)

4. Apartheid is

• (a) An international association
• (b) Energy diplomacy
• (c) A policy of racial discrimination
• (d) None of these

Ans: (c)

5. The Agreement signed by India and China in 1954 related to

• (a) Trade and Commerce
• (b) Restoration of normal relations
• (c) Cultural exchange programmes
• (d) The Five Principles of Co existence

Ans: (d)

6. Which is not related to our foreign policy

• (a) World co operation
• (b) World peace
• (c) Racial equality
• (d) Colonialism

Ans: (d)

7. Which of the following country is not the founder member of NAM?

• (a) Yugoslavia
• (b) Indonesia
• (c) Egypt
• (d) Pakistan

Ans: (d)

8. Find the odd one

• (a) Social welfare
• (b) Health care
• (c) Diplomacy
• (d) Domestic affairs

Ans: (c)

9. Non-Alliance means

• (a) being neutral
• (b) freedom to decide on issues independently
• (c) demilitarisation
• (d) none of the above

Ans: (b)

10. Non – military issues are

• (a) Energy security
• (b) Water security
• (c) Pandemics
• (d) All the above.

Ans: (d)

II. Fill in the blanks

1. India conducted its first nuclear test at Pokhran.
2. At present our foreign policy acts as a means to generate inward investment for domestic growth and development.
3. Diplomacy is the instrument for implementing foreign policy of a state.
4. Non alignment was India’s policy in the face of the bipolar order of the cold war.
5. Our tradition and national ethos is to practice disarmament.

III. Consider the following statement and tick the appropriate answer

1. Arrange the following in the correct chronological order and choose the correct answer from the code given below.

• (i) Panchsheel
• (ii) China's Nuclear test
• (iii) Twenty-year Treaty
• (iv) First Nuclear test of India

(a) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)

b) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

(c) (i), (ii), (iv), (iii)

d) (i), (iii), (ii), (iv)

Ans: (b)

2. Which of the following is not about NAM?

• (i) The term Non-Alignment was coined by V. Krishna Menon
• (ii) It aimed to maintain national independence in foreign affairs by joining any military alliance
• (iii) At present it has 120 member countries.
• (iv) It has transformed to an economical movement

a) (i) and (ii)

b) (iii) and (iv)

c) (ii) only

d) (iv) only

Ans: (c)

3. Write true or false against each of the statement.

(a) During Cold War India tried to form a third bloc of nations in the international affairs. True

(b) The Ministry of Home Affairs is responsible for the conduct of the country’s foreign relations. False

(c) The nuclear test at Pokhran was done underSubterranean Nuclear Explosions Project. True

4. Assertion(A): India aligned with Soviet Union by the Indo-Soviet treaty on 1971.
Reason(B): This began with a disastrous Indo –China war of 1962

• (a) A is correct and R explains A
• (b) A is correct and R does not explain A
• (c) A is correct and R is Wrong
• (d) Both A and R are wrong.

Ans: (c)

5. Assertion(A): India has formal diplomatic relations with most of the nations.
Reason(R): India is the World’s second most populous country.

• (a) A is correct and R explains A
• (b) A is correct and R does not explain A
• (c) A is wrong and R is correct
• (d) Both are wrong

Ans: (b)

6. Avoidance of military blocs was necessity for India after political freedom. Because India had to redeemed from

• (a) acute poverty
• (b) illiteracy
• (c) chaotic socio-economic conditions
• (d) all the above

Ans: (d)

IV. Match the following

1. Indian Ocean island
2. Land bridge to ASEAN
3. Panchsheel
4. Afro Asian Conference
5. World Peace

• 1955
• 1954
• Maldives
• Foreign Policy
• Myanmar

Show Answers

1. Indian Ocean island - Maldives

2. Land bridge to ASEAN - Myanmar

3. Panchsheel - 1954

4. Afro Asian Conference - 1955

5. World Peace - Foreign Policy

State Government of India | Civics Class 10 | One Mark Questions and Answers

State Government of India | 10th Civics Chapter 3

Chapter: 10th Social Science : Civics : Chapter 3 : State Government of India

EVALUATION

I. Choose the Correct Answer

1. The Governor of the State is appointed by the

(a) Prime Minister

(b) Chief Minister

(c) President

(d) Chief Justice

Ans: (c)

2. The Speaker of a State is a

(a) Head of State

(b) Head of government

(c) President’s agent

(d) None of these

Ans: (d)

3. Which among the following is not one of the powers of the Governor?

(a) Legislative

(b) Executive

(c) Judicial

(d) Diplomatic

Ans: (d)

4. Who can nominate one representative of the Anglo-Indian Community to the State Legislative Assembly?

(a) The President

(b) The Governor

(c) The Chief Minister

(d) The Speaker of State legislature

Ans: (b)

5. The Governor does not appoint

(a) Chief Minister

(b) Chairman of the State Public Service Commission

(c) Advocate General of the State

(d) Judges of the High Court

Ans: (d)

6. The State Council of Ministers is headed by

(a) The Chief Minster

(b) The Governor

(c) The Speaker

(d) The Prime Minister

Ans: (a)

7. The minimum age for the membership of the Legislative Council is

(a) 25 years

(b) 21 years

(c) 30 years

(d) 35 years

Ans: (c)

8. Which one of the following States does not possess a bicameral legislature?

(a) Andhra Pradesh

(b) Telangana

(c) Tamil Nadu

(d) Uttar Pradesh

Ans: (c)

9. The High Courts in India were first started at

(a) Calcutta, Bombay, Madras

(b) Delhi and Calcutta

(c) Delhi, Calcutta, Madras

(d) Calcutta, Madras, Delhi

Ans: (a)

10. Which of the following States have a common High Court?

(a) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

(b) Kerala and Telangana

(c) Punjab and Haryana

(d) Maharashtra and Gujarat

Ans: (c)

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Governor of the state government surrenders his resignation to President.

2. Members of the Legislative assembly (MLAs) elected by the People.

3. Governor acts as the chancellor of universities in the state.

4. The Chairman and Members of the State Public Service Commission can be removed only by the President.

III. Match the following

Exercise: Match the Columns

1. Governor - Head of the Government

2. Chief Minister - Head of the State

3. Council of Ministers - Tribunals

4. MLC - Responsible for the Assembly

5. Armed forces - cannot vote for grants

Answer

1. Governor - Head of the State

2. Chief Minister - Head of the Government

3. Council of Ministers - Responsible for the Assembly

4. MLC - cannot vote for grants

5. Armed forces - Tribunals

IV. Choose the correct statement

1. Assertion (A): There are limitations on the Legislative authority of the State Legislature.
Reason (R): Certain bills on the State List can be introduced in the State Legislature only with the President’s approval.

a) (A) is false but R is true

b) (A) is true but (R) is false

c) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct reason for (A)

d) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not the correct reason for (A)

Ans: (b)

Central Government of India: Detailed Answers | Class 10 Civics Chapter 2

Central Government of India

10th Social Science : Civics : Chapter 2

VI. Answer in detail

1. Describe the Executive and Judicial powers of the President of India.

Executive Powers:

• Every executive action of the Union is taken in the name of the President.
• He appoints the Prime Minister and the other Gouncil of Ministers
• He distributes port folios to them on the advice of the Prime Minister
• He appoints Governors of States, Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
• He appoints The Attorney General, Auditor General, Comptroller, Election Commissioners, Members of the Union. Public Service Commission and Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries.

Judicial Powers:

• Article 72 confers on the President has the power to grant pardons, reprieve, respite or remission of punishment, or to commute the sentence of any person convicted of an offence.

2. Explain any three Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India?

Original Jurisdiction:

• The cases which are brought directly in the first instance to the Supreme Court come under original jurisdiction.
• The dispute between the Government of India and one or more states, dispute between two or more states come under this category.
• The writs are issued by the Supreme Court for the enforcement of the fundamental rights.

Appellate Jurisdiction:

• The Supreme Court hears appeals against the decisions of High Courts in civil, criminal and constitutional cases.
• Such cases can be brought to the Supreme Court only with a certificate from the High Court that it is fit to appeal in the Supreme Court.
• Such cases should have been certified by the High Court that the case invites the interpertation of the constitution.

Advisory Jurisdiction:

• The President has the power to refer to the Supreme Court any question of law or fact which is of public importance.

3. What are the Duties and functions of Prime Minister of India?

• The Prime Minister decides the rank of his ministers and distributes various departments.
• He decides the dates and the agenda of the meeting of the cabinet which he presides.
• The Prime Minister informally consults two or three of his senior colleagues when he does not convene a cabinet meeting.
• He supervises the work of various ministers.
• He converses to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers connecting to the government of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation.
• He acts as the link between the President and the Council of Ministers.
• The Prime Minister is the leader of the nation and chief spokesperson of the country.
• He represents our nation at all international conferences like the Common wealth, summit of SAARC nations etc.

4. Critically examine the Powers and Functions of the Parliament.

• The Parliament of India has the functions of legislation, overseeing of administration, passing of budget, ventilation of public grievances, discussion of various subjects like development plans, international relations and internal policies.
• The Parliament is also vested with powers to impeach the President and to remove judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, Chief Election Commissioner, Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
• The Parliament has the power to change the boundaries of the states.

VII. Project and activity

• Organise a mock parliament in your class. Discuss the role of President, Prime Minister and Ministers.
• Bring out the differences and similarities between the US and Indian President’s.
• Make a list of Presidents and Prime Ministers of India.

Human Geography of Tamil Nadu: Map Exercises for Class 10 Social Science

Human Geography of Tamil Nadu: Map Exercise

Subject: 10th Social Science | Chapter 8: Human Geography of Tamil Nadu

IX. Map exercise

1. Mark the areas of major crops, minerals, dams, air ports and sea ports.

The following maps illustrate the key geographical and economic features of Tamil Nadu. Use them for study and practice. You can download a high-resolution version of each map using the button provided.

Tamil Nadu: Major Crops

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Tamil Nadu: Major Industries

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Tamil Nadu: Multipurpose River Valley Projects (Dams)

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Tamil Nadu: Airports

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Tamil Nadu: Seaports

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Tamil Nadu: Railways

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Tamil Nadu: Roadways

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Distinguish Between: Population, Transport, Communication & Trade in India | Class 10 Geography Chapter 6

Population, Transport, Communication & Trade in India

10th Social Science | Geography | Chapter 6

Distinguish between

1. Density of population and Growth of population.

Density of Population

• Density of population is expressed as number of persons per sq. km.
• In India the most densely populated state is Bihar.
• The state with least population density is Arunachal Pradesh.

Growth of Population

• Growth of population refers to an increase or decrease of population of an area from one period to another period.
• In India the most populous state is Uttar Pradesh.
• Sikkim is the least populous state of India.

2. Personal communication and mass communication.

Personal Communication

• The exchange of information between the individuals is called personal communication.
• It includes post and telegraph services, telephone, mobile phone, short message services, fax, internet, e-mail etc.
• It enable the user to establish direct contact.
• It helps to sent messages.

Mass Communication

• Mass communication helps millions of people to get the information at the same time.
• It includes radio, television, news paper etc.
• Direct contact is not possible.
• It helps to create awareness among the people on national policies and programmes.

3. Print Media and Electronic Media.

Print Media

• We get information through printed materials.
• It includes newspapers, journals and magazines.
• Newspapers carry information on local, national and international events to the people.

Electronic Media

• We get information through electronic gadgets.
• It includes radio, television and internet.
• It broadcasts programmes related to information, education and entertainment.

4. Roadways and Railways.

Roadways

• Roadways are the cost efficient and most universal mode of transport
• Roads play an important role in carrying goods and passengers for short, medium and long distances.
• Construction and maintenance of roads is cheap.
• India has the second longest road network in the world.

Railways

• Indian railway system is the main artery of the country's inland transport.
• Railways cater to the needs of large scale movement of goods and passengers.
• Construction and maintenance of railroads is costlier.
• Indian railways network is the second largest in the world.

5. Waterways and Airways.

Waterways

• Water ways is the oldest and cheapest means of transport.
• It is most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky materials from one country to another.
• It is a fuel efficient and environment friendly mode of transport.
• The two types of waterways are inland waterways and ocean waterways.

Airways

• Airways are the quickest, costliest, most modern and comfortable means of transport.
• They carry passengers, freight and mail.
• It is not fuel efficient.
• The two types of airways are Domestic Airways and International Airways.

6. Internal trade and International trade.

Internal trade

• The trade carried on within the domestic territory of a country is internal trade.
• It is also called Domestic trade (or) Local trade.
• Land transport plays a major role.
• Local currency is used.

International trade

• Trade carried on between two or more countries is international trade.
• It is also called External trade (or) Foreign trade.
• Waterways and Airways play a vital role.
• Foreign currency is involved.

India's Population, Transport, and Trade | Class 10 Geography Chapter 6 Q&A

Population, Transport, Communication & Trade in India

Chapter: 10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 6 : India - Population, Transport, Communication & Trade

Answer the following Questions briefly

III. Answer the following Questions briefly

1. What is migration? State its types.

• Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.

Types of Migration:

• Internal migration (Within a country)
• International migration (Between the countries)

2. Write any four advantages of railways.

• Railways promote national integration by bringing people together.
• Also they promote trade, tourism, education etc.
• Railways help in the commercialization of the agriculture sector by facllitating the quick movement of perishable goods.
• Railways help in transporting raw materials to industries and finished goods to markets.

3. Write a note on Pipeline network transport in India

• Pipelines provide a very convenient mode of transport to connect oil and natural gas fields, refineries and to the markets.
• In the past, pipelines were used to transport water to cities and industries.
• Now solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into slurry.

Advantages:

• Pipeline can be laid through difficult terrain as well as under water.
• It ensures steady supply and reduces the transshipment losses and delays.

4. State the major Inland waterways of India

India has an extensive network of inland waterways in the form of rivers, canals, lakes and backwaters.

The major National waterways are:

• National Waterway - 1: Between Haldia and Allahabad (1620 km. It includes Ganga Bhagirathi – Hooghly river system)
• National Waterway - 2: Between Dhubri and Sadiya (891 km)
• National Waterway - 3: Between Kollam and Kottapuram in Kerala (205 km. The first National waterway with 24 hour navigation).

5. What is communication? What are its types?

• Communication is a process that involves exchange of information, thoughts and ideas.
• The two types are Personal Communication and Mass Communication.

6. Define “International trade”.

• Trade carried on between two or more countries is called 'International trade'. It is also called as external trade or foreign trade.

7. State the merits of Roadways.

• Roads piay an important role in carrying goods and passengers for short, medium and long distances.
• It is highly suitable for short distance services.
• It is comparatively easy and cheap to construct and maintain roads.
• Road transport system can establish easy contact between farms, fields, factories and markets.
• It can provide door to door transport services.
• All sections of the people use roadways.

Indian Resources and Industries: Cotton Textiles and Challenges | Class 10 Geography

Resources and Industries in India | Geography

10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 5 : India - Resources and Industries

V. Answer the following in a paragraph

1. Write about the distribution of cotton textile industries in India.

Cotton Textile industries in India:

Cotton Textile industries are Agro - based industries.

• Traditional sectors like hand loom, handicrafts and small power-loom units are the biggest source of employment for millions of people in rural and semi urban areas.
• It is one of the largest sources of employment generation in the country.
• India is the third largest producer of cotton in the world.
• At present, cotton textile industry is the largest organized modern industry of India.

Manchester of India:

Mumbai is called the Manchester of India. The higher concentration of textile mills in and around Mumbai makes it the Manchester of India.

Causes for high concentration of textiles in Mumbai .

• i) Presence of black cotton soil in Maharashtra
• ii) Humid climate
• iii) Presence of Mumbai port
• iv) Availability of hydro power
• v) Good market
• vi) Well developed transport facility

Manchester of South India:

Coimbatore is the most important textile centre in Tamil Nadu. So it is called the Manchester of South India.

Distribution of Cotton textile industries in India:

Maharashtra, Gujarat, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh and Tamil Nadu are important centers in India.

Distribution of Cotton textile industries in Tamil Nadu:

Erode, Tiruppur, Karur, Chennai, Tirunelvely, Madurai, Thoothukudi, Salem and Virudhunagar are important centres in Tamil Nadu.

2. Describe the major challenges of Indian industries.

• Shortage and fluctuation in power supply.
• Poor access to credit
• Non-availability of cheap labourers.
• Inappropriate living conditions nearby industrial estates.
• Non-availability of large blocks of land.
• High rate of interest for borrowed loan.
• Lack of technical and vocational training for employees.

Distinguishing Key Concepts in India's Resources and Industries | Class 10 Geography Chapter 5

Chapter: 10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 5 : India - Resources and Industries

Distinguish between

1. Renewable and non-renewable resources.

Renewable Resources

• Resources that have natural regeneration after their utilization.
• Solar energy, Wind energy Bio-gas, Tidal energy, Wave energy are renewable.

non-renewable resources.

• Resources that cannot be replaced again after utilization.
• Coal, Petroleum and Natural gas are non renewable.

2. Metallic and non-metallic minerals.

Metallic Minerals

• They are minerals that contain one or more metallic elements in them.
• Metals such as iron, manganese, copper, bauxite, nickel, zinc, lead and gold are examples of metallic minerals.

Non-metallic Minerals.

• These minerals do not contain metal in them.
• Mica, limestone, gypsum, nitrate, potash, dolomite, coal and petroleum are non-metallic minerals.

3. Agro based industry and mineral based industry.

Agro based Industry

• These industries draw their raw materials from agricultural sector.
• Cotton textile, Jute textile, Silk, Sugar industries are agro based industries.

Mineral based Industry

• Mineral based industries use both metallic and non metallic minerals as raw materials.
• Iron and Steel industry is the major mineral based industry.

4. Jute industry and sugar industry.

Jute Industry

• Jute is the raw material for jute industry
• India is the largest producer of jute goods in the world
• This is the second important textile industry in India after cotton textiles.
• The major jute producing state in India is West Bengal.

Sugar Industry

• Sugarcane is the raw material for sugar industry.
• India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the world.
• This is the second largest agro based industry in India after cotton textiles.
• The major sugar producing state is Uttar Pradesh.

5. Conventional energy and non- conventional energy.

Conventional Energy

• It includes Thermal power and nuclear power
• Conventional energy sources are non-renewable.
• Coal, Petroleum and natural gas are nuclear minerals are non-renewable energy resources.

Non-Conventional Energy

• It includes Hydropower, Solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, wave energy etc.
• Non-conventional energy sources are renewable.
• Water, sunlight, wind, bio gas and tides are renewable energy resources.

Resources and Industries in India: Q&A | Class 10 Geography Chapter 5

Resources and Industries in India

10th Social Science | Geography | Chapter 5

Answer the following Questions briefly

1. Define the resource and state its types.

• Any matter or energy derived from the environment that is used by living things including humans is called a Natural resource.

• Natural resources include air, water, soil, minerals, plants, wildlife etc.

Types of resources:

• Renewable resources - The resources that can be replenished. Eg.: Solar energy and wind energy.

• Non renewable resources - The energy that cannot be replenished easily. Eg.: Petroleum, coal.

2. What are minerals and state its type?

• Minerals are natural substances of organic or inorganic origin with definite chemical and physical properties.

Types: • Metallic minerals • Non-metallic minerals

• Metals like gold, copper, iron and lead are metallic minerals.

• Mica, limestone, gypsum, coal and petroleum are examples of non-metallic minerals.

3. State the uses of magnesium.

• Manganese is used for making iron and steel and serves as basic raw material for alloying.

• Manganese is also used in the manufacturing of bleaching powder, insecticides, paints and batteries.

4. What is natural gas?

• Natural gas usually accompanies the petroleum accumulations. It is naturally occurring Hydro carbon gas mixture consisting primarily of Methane.

• It commonly includes varying amounts of other higher Alkanes.

• Sometimes it includes a small amount of Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen and Hydrogen Sulphides.

• When layers of decomposed plants and animals are exposed to intense heat and pressure over thousands of years Natural gas is formed.

5. Name the different types of coal with their carbon content.

• Anthracite (80 - 90% carbon)

• Bituminous (60 - 80% carbon)

• Lignite (40 - 60% carbon)

• Peat (less than 40% carbon)

6. Mention the major areas of jute production in India.

• West Bengal - Concentrated along the Hooghly river within the radius of six kilometre of Kolkata.

• Other jute goods producing areas are Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.

7. Name the important oil producing regions of India.

Western coast off shore oil fields:

• Mumbai High
• Gujarat coast
• Basseim oil field
• Allabet oil field
• Ankleshwar
• Cambay- Luni Region
• Ahemebadad- kaiol Region

Eastern coast offshore oil fields:

• Brahamputra valiey
• Digbol oil fields
• Nahoratlya oil fields
• Moran- Hugrijan oil field
• Surma valley
• Rudrassgar- Lawa oil fields

• off-shore of Andaman and Nicobar, Gulf of Mannar, Baleshwar coast, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.

Reasons Why Agriculture is India's Backbone & Rainwater Harvesting is Necessary | Class 10 Geography

10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 3 : India - Agriculture

Give reasons for the following topics

1. Agriculture is the backbone of India.

• Agriculture in India employs more than 50% of the population of the country.
• It accounts for about 25% of the national income. Hence agriculture is the back bone of India.

2. Rain water harvesting is necessary.

In India there is only seasonal rainfall. It is not uniform and highly erratic. Most of the time rainfall is scanty. Hence rain water harvesting is necessary.

India Climate and Vegetation Map Exercises | Class 10 Geography Chapter 2

Climate and Natural Vegetation of India

10th Social Science | Geography | Chapter 2

Map Exercises

Mark the following on the outline map of India.

1. Direction of South West Monsoon wind.

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2. Direction of North East Monsoon wind.

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3. Areas of heavy rainfall.

4. Mountain forests.

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5. Panna biosphere reserve

6. Agasthiyamalai biosphere reserve

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