Subject: 10th Social Science | Chapter 8: Human Geography of Tamil Nadu
The following maps illustrate the key geographical and economic features of Tamil Nadu. Use them for study and practice. You can download a high-resolution version of each map using the button provided.
Plantation crops are cultivated in large estates on hilly slopes. Tea, coffee, cashew, rubber and cinchona are the major plantation crops of Tamil Nadu.
Tea:
Coffee:
Rubber: Rubber plantations are found largely in Kanyakumari district.
Pepper: Pepper is cultivated on the slopes of Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
Cashew: Cashew is cultivated largely in Cuddalore district.
Surface water Resources:
Ground Water Resources:
Minerals like vermiculite, magnetite, dunite, rutile, garnet, molybdenum and ilmenite are available in Tamil Nadu.
Important minerals:
Causes for high density of population:
Roadways, railways, airways and waterways are the different modes of transport in Tamilnadu.
Roadways:
Railways:
Airways:
Waterways:
Increase in road traffic, high speed of vehicles and violation of traffic rules are the causes of major accidents. So it is necessary for us to adhere to traffic rules.
The basic road safety rules are given below:
10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 8
A large number of textile industries are concentrated in and around Coimbatore region. So Coimbatore is called the Manchester of Tamil Nadu. It is well known that Manchester, an Industrial city in England is noted for Cotton Textile Industries.
EXERCISE: I. Choose the correct answer II. Fill in the blanks III Match the following IV. Questions 1-2 are assertion and reasoning type - Book Back Important Questions, Answers, Solutions - One Mark Questions Answers
1. The delta which is known as Granary of South India is
Ans: (a)
2. Second staple food of the people of Tamil Nadu is
Ans: (b)
3. A major hydro-electric power project of Tamil Nadu is
Ans: (a)
4. Number of major and minor ports in Tamil Nadu are
Ans: (a)
1. Agriculture of Tamil Nadu constitutes 21 % of its economy.
2. Sathanur dam is constructed across the river Thenpennai.
3. Chennai is the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi.
4. The difference between the value of exports and imports is called balance of trade.
Match the mineral with its location:
1. Bauxite – Servaroy hills
2. Gypsum – Tiruchirapalli
3. Iron – Salem
4. Limestone – Coimbatore
1.
Assertion (A): Coimbatore, Tiruppur and Erode region is called as The Textile Valley of Tamil Nadu.
Reason (R): They contribute a major share to the states economy through textiles.
Ans: (a)
2.
Assertion (A): The Nilgiris is the least populated district of Tamil Nadu
Reason (R): It is located in the western most part of Tamil Nadu.
Ans: (b)
10th Social Science | Geography | Chapter 7: Map Study
1. Mark important rivers, distribution of soil and forest types on different Tamil Nadu maps.
Use the following large-format maps to study and identify the geographical features of Tamil Nadu. Click the download button to save a copy for offline study.
Class 10 Social Science | Geography Chapter 7
• Plateaus of Tamil Nadu are located between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.
• It is triangular in shape covering about 60,000 sq.km.
• Bharamahai plateau is a part of Mysore plateau in the northwestern part of Tamil Nadu.
• Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts are located in this region.
• It lies between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts.
• This region includes Salem, Coimbatore and Erode districts.
• Moyar river separates this plateau from the Mysore plateau.
• Rivers Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathi form valleys in this region.
• Sigur plateau is found in the region of Nilgiris.
• Madurai plateau is found in Madurai district.
• It extends up to the foothills of the Western Ghats.
• Vaigai and Thamirabarani basins are located in this zone.
• River Cauvery originates at Talacauvery in Kodagu districts of Karnataka.
• It runs for about 416 km in Tamil Nadu. It serves as the boundary between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu for a distance of 64 km.
• It forms Hogenakkal waterfalls in Dharmapuri.
• Mettur Dam is across this river in Salem district.
• Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathi are the tributaries of the Cauvery.
• Bhavani and Noyal join Cauvery at Thirumukkudal and this region is called 'Agandra Cauvery'.
• In Tiruchirappalli district, the river branches into two parts. The northern branch is called Coleroon or Kollidam and the southern branch remains Cauvery. After flowing for about 16 km, the two branches join together to form the 'Srirangam Island'.
• Kallanai has been constructed across Cauvery.
• After Kallanai, the river breaks into many distributaries and forms a network all over the delta.
• This network within the delta of Cauvery in the coast is called 'Garden of Southern India'.
• It merges into the Bay of Bengal to the south of Cuddalore.
• During March to May the sun's rays fall vertically over South India.
• There is a steady rise in temperature from the equator.
• Hence, Tamil Nadu is located to the south of Tropic of Cancer, it experiences high temperature.
• The temperature varies from 30°C to more than 40°C.
• During this season, the southern part of Tamil Nadu receives some rainfall from pre-monsoon showers in May.
• Some parts of Tamil Nadu experience convectional rainfall.
• During January and February, the vertical rays of the sun fall between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator.
• Tamil Nadu receives sianting rays from the sun. So, the weather is slightly cooler during these months.
• The difference between the summer and the winter temperature is not very high.
• The winter temperature of Tamil Nadu varies from 15°C to 25°C.
• The temperature of hili stations is below 5°C and even 0°C in the valleys of Nilgiris.
• This drop in temperature leads to the formation of thick mist and frost.
• This season is practically dry
1. Alluvial soil
2. Black soil
3. Red soil
4. Laterite soil
5. Saline soil
• Alluvial Soil is formed by the deposition of silt by the rivers.
• This soil is found in the river valley regions and the coastal plains of Tamil Nadu. It is found in the districts of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Villupuram, Cuddalore, Tirunelveli and Kanniyakumari.
Black Soil:• Black soil is formed by the weathering of igneous rocks. It is also known as regur soil and black cotton soil.
• In Tamil Nadu black soil is found in the districts of Coimbatore, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi.
Red Soil:Red soils cover over two-thirds of the total area of Tamil Nadu. It is largely found in Sivagangai and Ramanathapuram districts.
Laterite Soil:• Laterite soil is formed by the process of intense ieaching.
• Laterite soil is found in the districts of Kancheepuram, Tiruvailur, Thanjavur and Nilgiris.
Saline Soil:Saline soil is found in the Coromandel coast. Vedaranyam has a pocket of saline soil.
• Ignore rumours, stay calm, don't be panic
• Keep your mobile phones charged to ensure connectivity; use sms;
• Listen to radio; watch TV; read newspapers for weather updates.
• Keep your documents and valuables in water proof containers;
• Prepare an emergency kit with essential items for survival;
• Secure your house; carry out repairs;
• Don't leave sharp objects loose;
• Untie cattle / animals for their safety.
• Those who shifted to the cyclone centre must remain there till instructions are received;
• Strictly avoid loose electrical wires after the cycione;
• Beware of snakes and other animals immediately after the cyclone;
• Clear debris and carcasses from the premises after the cyclone and report losses accurately to the authorities.
Solutions for book back questions on the Physical Geography of Tamil Nadu.
The Eastern Ghats are dissected at many places by the rivers, which drain into the Bay of Bengal. So the Eastern Ghats are not a continuous range.
Since Tamil Nadu is located in the rain shadow region of the southwest monsoon wind which blows from the Arabian sea, Tamil Nadu receives low rainfall during southwest monsoon.
Cuddalore is one of the most flood prone districts of Tamil Nadu. It is also one of the cyclone prone districts. Cuddalore has also been affected by Tsunami once. Minor damages had been caused in Cuddalore in 2011 owing to earthquake. Thus Cuddalore is a multipurpose disaster zone.
10th Social Science | Geography | Chapter 7
| Thamirabarani | Cauvery |
|---|---|
| 1. River Thamirabarani originates from a peak in Pothigai hills on the Western Ghats. | 1. River Cauvery originates at Talacauvery in the Brahmagiri hills of Kodagu district of Karnataka in the Western Ghats. |
| 2. It originates in Tamil Nadu | 2. It originates in Karnataka |
| 3. It flows through the districts of Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi and merges into the Bay of Bengal. | 3. In Tamilnadu it flows through the districts of Dharmapuri, Salem and Tiruchirappalli district and merges into the Bay of Bengal. |
| 4. Servalar, Manimuthar, Gadananathi, Pachaiyar, Chittar and Ramanathi are its main tributaries. | 4. Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathi are its main tributaries. |
10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 7
1. State the boundaries of Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu is bounded by Bay of Bengai in the east, Kerala in the west, Andhra Pradesh in the north, Karnataka in the northwest and Indian Ocean in the south.
2. What is ‘Teri’?
The sand dunes formed along the coast of Ramanathapuram and Thoothukudi districts are called Teri.
3. How is coastal plain formed?
Coastal plain is formed by the rivers that flow towards east and drain in the Bay of Bengal.
4. Name the major islands of Tamil Nadu.
Pamban, Hare, Krusadai, Nallathanni Theevu, Pullivasal, Srirangam, Upputanni, Island Grounds, Kattupalli Island, Quibble Island and Vivekananda Rock Memorial are some major islands of Tamil Nadu
5. Name the tributaries of river Thamirabarani.
6. Define : Disaster Risk Reduction.
Disaster Risk Reduction is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and reduce the causal factors of disasters.
7. During cyclone, how does the Meterological department warn the fishermen?
