Showing posts with label Class 10 English. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Class 10 English. Show all posts

Guide to Pamphlet and Letter of Enquiry Writing | The Dying Detective Prose

Writing (Pamphlet, Letter of Enquiry) - The Dying Detective | by Arthur Conan Doyle | Prose

Writing

Pamphlet

  • A Pamphlet is a small booklet or leaflet containing information or arguments about a single subject.
  • They are helpful in presenting information in a more attractive way and also easily accessible and economical to distribute.
  • They are generally used for describing the product or instructions, commercial information, promotion of events or promoting tourism.
Example of a Pamphlet Layout

I. Create a pamphlet for the following:

1. Make a pamphlet on ‘Dengue Awareness’ (Focus on its causes, preventions, symptoms and precautions).

Dengue Awareness Pamphlet Example

2. Make an attractive pamphlet for your school’s Fair organised for raising funds for (any) relief (Specify the date, time, types of stalls and the reasons for the fair).

School Fair Pamphlet Example

3. Make a pamphlet on the latest gadgets (Mention the variety of models, uses, need and availability).

Latest Gadgets Pamphlet Example

Letter of Enquiry

A letter of enquiry is a formal letter, written to get more details / information about something. In this letter the word limit should not exceed 200 words. It is used to enquire and get details to purchase an item, to know about a course for study, a place for a trip, etc It must include sender's details.

Model of Enquiry Letter

Vimala had purchased a laptop last year. She writes the following letter to the shop enquiring about the warranty coverage for the damage caused.

Mrs. Vimala

342, Annai Theresa street

Chennai-16.


4th August 2019


The Manager

Digital Electronics

Chennai-4


Subject: Enquiry about damage replacement–regarding.


Madam / Sir,

Last year, I purchased a new Lenovo laptop in your shop during the New year offer. Now, the laptop's display is damaged. So I need to know whether there is any free replacement coverage or warranty period that covers the cost of repair. Please, let me know the best way to address this issue.


Thank you,


Yours faithfully,

Vimala.M

J. Write a letter of enquiry for the following

1. You're a librarian in a newly established school. Write a letter to the book dealer inquiring about the list of newly arrived English children's story books and various subject books relevant to 10-14 age groups.

P. Leo,

The Librarian,

Govt. Hr. Sec. School,

Keeranur,

Pudukottai.


18.10.2019


The Manager,

Rasi Book Stall,

W.B.Road,

Tiruchirappalli-620002.


Madam / Sir,

Sub: List of books - request for - regarding.


I am Hariharan, the librarian of Government High School, Keeranur, Pudukottai. Our school management has decided to set up a library to improve reading habit among the students.

We intend to purchase English Story Books and other Subject Books for children in the age group of 10-14 years.

I request you to kindly send us a list of newly arrived Children’s English story books and other subject books. I want to know the cost of books to proceed further on purchasing the required books. Awaiting your immediate reply.


Thanking you.


Yours Sincerely,

P. Leo.

2. Venkat hails from a remote village of Kancheepuram District, Tamil Nadu who aspires to become an IAS officer. Currently, he is in class X. He notices an advertisement on free classes for the IAS aspirants by a trust in a news paper. He writes a letter to the coordinator of the trust inquiring for further details.

S. Venkat,

No: 12, Nesavalar Street,

Mettukuppam,

Perambalur.


18.03.2020


The Coordinator,

Way to Success Trust,

Mela Chinthamani,

Thiruchirappalli.


Sir,

Sub : Enquiry about joining IAS Academy - regarding.

Ref: Your advertisement in ‘The Hindu’ dated 16.03.2020


I am Venkat studying 10th Standard in Government High school, Mettukkuppa'm in Perambalur District.

I saw your advertisement in “The Hindu” dated 16.03.2020. I am very excited to know that you commence free classes for the IAS aspirants in May 2020.

I am hailing from a very poor family living in a remote village of Perambalur District. My parents are working as coolies. In spite of my poverty, I wish to become an IAS Officer and to serve our country.

I like to know the following details:

1. Am I eligible to join the academy after completing my 10th standard?

2. How can I get your application form?

3. What are the documents to be produced at the time of joining?

Please let me know the procedure and kindly reply.


Thanking you.


Your faithfully,

S. Venkat

3. Write a letter to the head of the BSNL office enquiring regarding the internet broadband scheme launched recently.

V. Seethalakshmi,

D/o. Venkatasamy,

No: 21, Nadu Theru,

Anjaneyar Koil Street,

Mannachanallur,

Trichy - District.


18.03.2019.


The General Manager,

Customer Care Centre/BSNL,

Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited,

Srirangam,

Trichy - 620 006.


Sir,

Sub: Broadband connection - enquiry about - regarding.

Ref: Your advertisement in “The Hindu” daily, dated 16.03.2019


I have seen your advertisement in “The Hindu” daily dated 16.03.2019 regarding the new launch of broadband plans.

In your advertisement, you have mentioned the new launch of Fiber to Home(FTH) scheme with many offers to the Customer.

1 like to know the difference between ordinary Broadband connection & the newly launched Fiber to Home (FTH) services. What will be the initial deposit I have to pay against those schemes? Please send me the Tariff Plan for both the Broadband and FTH Schemes.

Awaiting your reply.


Thanks & Regards,

V. Seethalakshmi.

Vocabulary Exercises: Homophones and Confused Words from 'The Dying Detective'

Vocabulary - The Dying Detective | by Arthur Conan Doyle | Prose

Vocabulary

Homophones are words that sound the same but have different meanings and spellings. The text has many homophones such as : see-sea, hear-here, knew-new.

C. Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct options given.

  1. Niteesh bought a new (knew/new) cricket bat.
  2. The shepherd heard (herd/heard) the cry of his sheep.
  3. Lakshmi completed her baking course (course/coarse) successfully.
  4. Priya has broken her fore (four/fore) limbs.
  5. Leaders of the world must work towards the peace (peace/piece) of human race.

Use the given examples and make sentences of your own.

Commonly confused words

English has a lot of commonly confused words. They either look alike or look and sound alike, but have completely different meanings and usage. Here are some examples from the text.

brought (v) - past participle of bring. E.g. Anitha had brought a book from the library.

Buy bestselling books online

bought (v) - past participle of buy. E.g. Lalitha had bought a new dress last week.

affect (v) - to have an effect on. E.g. The pet’s death affected his master.

effect (n) - anything brought about by a cause or agent; result. E.g. Both El Nino and La Nina are opposite effects of the same phenomenon.

D. Complete the tabular column by finding the meaning of both the words given in the boxes. Use them in sentences of your own.

Table of commonly confused words: lost/last, paused/passed, pitcher/picture

lost (v) - unable to be found - I have lost my ticket. / She lost her mother.

last(adj) - coming at the end/final - At the last moment, he changed his mind.

paused (v) - stopped for a short time - She paused to get her breath back and then carried on jogging.

passed (v) - approved - The Assembly passed the money bill.

pitcher (n) - a round container for liquid - He poured water into the pitcher / He brought a pitcher of water.

picture (n) - a drawing or painting - Raja painted a picture of my dog.

Listening Exercise: The Last Lesson by Alphonse Daudet | Class 10 English Prose

Listening - The Last Lesson | by Alphonse Daudet | Prose

F. Listening Exercise

Listen to the article titled “Remembering Nel Jayaraman”

In pairs, present an interview. One student will be the interviewer and the other would be Nel Jayaraman himself. Two sets of conversations has been given as examples for your help.

Interview Role-Play

Student A (interviewer): Vanakkam sir. For what cause do you organise festivals?

Student B (NJ): I organise these festivals with a difference. I present seeds to all the participating farmers.

Student A (interviewer): Oh! That’s really good, Sir. What do you expect in return?

Student B (NJ): In return I expect them to have double the harvest next year.

Student A (interviewer): Where did you organise the NEL festival?

Student B (NJ): We organize the NEL festival at Adhirangam Village in Thiruvarur

Student A (interviewer): Can you mention how many people congregated for the meeting?

Student B (NJ): Nearly 5000 people congregated for the meeting.

Student A (interviewer): What did you distribute to the farmers?

Student B (NJ): I distributed traditional Paddy seeds to the farmers.

Student A (interviewer): How did you commute to each these villages?

Student B (NJ): I used my cycle or take a bus to commute to those Villages.

Student A (interviewer): Ayya, Do you plan your schedules?

Student B (NJ): No, I don’t plan my schedules.

Student A (interviewer): How could you remain so cool and calm sir?

Student B (NJ): I have an alternative solution for all the problems.

Student A (interviewer): Where was your heart and soul?

Student B (NJ): My heart and soul was always in the fields and seeds.

Student A (interviewer): People say when your popularity grew, you spent less time in the field?

Student B (NJ): I have spent my entire life in the fields only. I never care for any negative comments.

Student A (interviewer): What is your message to the world?

Student B (NJ): If you work selflessly for the society, it will give back.

Student A (interviewer): Thank you, Sir. Nandri

Student B (NJ): Nandri.

The Last Lesson by Alphonse Daudet | Glossary and Word Meanings

Glossary - The Last Lesson

Word Meanings

chirping (v) - making a short, sharp high pitched sound (usually by small birds or insects)
bustle (v) - move in an energetic manner
unison (n) - simultaneous utterance of words
rapping (v) - striking with a series of rapid audible blows
thumbed (v) - a book which has been read often and bearing the marks of frequent handling
cranky (adj.) - strange
Saar - a river in northeastern France and western Germany
Angelus (n) - a Roman Catholic devotion commemorating the Incarnation of Jesus and including the Hail Mary, said at morning, noon, and sunset.
“Vive la France!” - is an expression used in French to show patriotism. It's difficult to translate the term literally into English, but it generally means “Long live France!”

The Last Lesson by Alphonse Daudet | A Poignant Tale of Language and Identity

The Last Lesson

by Alphonse Daudet

This lesson is set in the days of France-Prussian war. France was ruled by Bismarck. Prussia then consisted of what now are the nations of Germany, Poland, and parts of Austria. The Prussians defeated the French and the districts of Alsace and Lorraine fell into the hands of the Prussians. The oppressors not only wanted the territory but dominated over the language and culture of the Germans, thus to take away their identity. Read the lesson to find out what impact this had on life at school.

I started for school very late that morning and was in great dread of a scolding, especially because M. Hamel had said that he would question us on participles, and I did not know the first word about them. For a moment I thought of running away and spending the day out of doors. It was so warm, so bright! The birds were chirping at the edge of the woods; and in the open field back of the saw mill the Prussian soldiers were drilling. It was all much more tempting than the rule for participles, but I had the strength to resist, and hurried off to school.

When I passed the town hall there was a crowd in front of the bulletin-board. For the last two years all our bad news had come from there — the lost battles, the draft, the orders of the commanding officer — and I thought to myself, without stopping, “What can be the matter now?”

A classroom scene from The Last Lesson

Then, as I hurried by as fast as I could go, the blacksmith, Wachter, who was there, with his apprentice, reading the bulletin, called after me, “Don’t go so fast, bub; you’ll get to your school in plenty of time!”

I thought he was making fun of me, and reached M. Hamel’s little garden all out of breath.

Usually, when school began, there was a great bustle, which could be heard out in the street, the opening and closing of desks, lessons repeated in unison, very loud, with our hands over our ears to understand better, and the teacher’s great ruler rapping on the table. But now it was all so still! I had counted on the commotion to get to my desk without being seen; but, of course, that day everything had to be as quiet as Sunday morning. Through the window I saw my classmates, already in their places, and M. Hamel walking up and down with his terrible iron ruler under his arm. I had to open the door and go in before everybody. You can imagine how I blushed and how frightened I was.

But nothing happened. M. Hamel saw me and said very kindly, “Go to your place quickly, little Franz. We were beginning without you.”

a. What kind of news was usually put up on the bulletin board?

b. What was the usual scene when school began everyday?

I jumped over the bench and sat down at my desk. Not till then, when I had got a little over my fright, did I see that our teacher had on his beautiful green coat, his frilled shirt, and the little black silk cap, all embroidered, that he never wore except on inspection and prize days. Besides, the whole school seemed so strange and solemn. But the thing that surprised me most was to see, on the back benches that were always empty, the village people sitting quietly like ourselves; old Hauser, with his three-cornered hat, the former mayor, the former postmaster, and several others besides. Everybody looked sad; and Hauser had brought an old primer, thumbed at the edges, and he held it open on his knees with his great spectacles lying across the pages.

While I was wondering about it all, M. Hamel mounted his chair, and, in the same grave and gentle tone which he had used to me, said, “My children, this is the last lesson I shall give you. The order has come from Berlin to teach only German in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. The new master comes tomorrow. This is your last French lesson. I want you to be very attentive.”

What a thunderclap these words were to me!

M. Hamel teaching the last lesson

Oh, the wretches; that was what they had put up at the town-hall!

My last French lesson! Why, I hardly knew how to write! I should never learn anymore! I must stop there, then! Oh, how sorry I was for not learning my lessons, for seeking birds’ eggs, or going sliding on the *Saar! My books, that had seemed such a nuisance a while ago, so heavy to carry, my grammar, and my history of the saints, were old friends now that I couldn’t give up. And M. Hamel, too; the idea that he was going away, that I should never see him again, made me forget all about his ruler and how cranky he was.

c. Other than the students, who were present in the class?

d. Why did Mr. Hamel say it was the last French lesson?

Poor man! It was in honour of this last lesson that he had put on his fine Sunday clothes, and now I understood why the old men of the village were sitting there in the back of the room. It was because they were sorry, too, that they had not gone to school more. It was their way of thanking our master for his forty years of faithful service and of showing their respect for the country that was theirs no more.

While I was thinking of all this, I heard my name called. It was my turn to recite. What would I not have given to be able to say that dreadful rule for the participle all through, very loud and clear, and without one mistake? But I got mixed up on the first words and stood there, holding on to my desk, my heart beating, and not daring to look up.

I heard M. Hamel say to me, “I won’t scold you, little Franz; you must feel bad enough. See how it is! Every day we have said to ourselves, ‘Bah! I’ve plenty of time. I’ll learn it tomorrow.’ And now you see where we’ve come out. Ah, that’s the great trouble with Alsace; she puts off learning till tomorrow. Now those fellows out there will have the right to say to you, ‘How is it; you pretend to be Frenchmen, and yet you can neither speak nor write your own language?’ But you are not the worst, poor little Franz. We’ve all a great deal to reproach ourselves with.”

“Your parents were not anxious enough to have you learn. They preferred to put you to work on a farm or at the mills, so as to have a little more money. And I? I’ve been to blame also. Have I not often sent you to water my flowers instead of learning your lessons? And when I wanted to go fishing, did I not just give you a holiday?”

e. What was Franz asked to tell? Was he able to answer?

f. Why did Mr.Hamel blame himself?

Then, from one thing to another, M. Hamel went on to talk of the French language, saying that it was the most beautiful language in the world — the clearest, the most logical; that we must guard it among us and never forget it, because when a people are enslaved, as long as they hold fast to their language it is as if they had the key to their prison. Then he opened a grammar and read us our lesson. I was amazed to see how well I understood it. All he said seemed so easy, so easy! I think, too, that I had never listened so carefully, and that he had never explained everything with so much patience. It seemed almost as if the poor man wanted to give us all he knew before going away, and to put it all into our heads at one stroke.

After the grammar, we had a lesson in writing. That day M. Hamel had new copies for us, written in a beautiful round hand — France, Alsace, France, Alsace. They looked like little flags floating everywhere in the school-room, hung from the rod at the top of our desks. You ought to have seen how everyone set to work, and how quiet it was! The only sound was the scratching of the pens over the paper. Once some beetles flew in; but nobody paid any attention to them, not even the littlest ones, who worked right on tracing their fish-hooks, as if that was French, too. On the roof the pigeons cooed very low, and I thought to myself, “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?”

Whenever I looked up from my writing I saw M. Hamel sitting motionless in his chair and gazing first at one thing, then at another, as if he wanted to fix in his mind just how everything looked in that little school- room. Fancy! For forty years he had been there in the same place, with his garden outside the window and his class in front of him, just like that. Only the desks and benches had been worn smooth; the walnut-trees in the garden were taller, and the hopvine that he had planted himself twined about the windows to the roof. How it must have broken his heart to leave it all, poor man; to hear his sister moving about in the room above, packing their trunks! For they must leave the country next day.

g. What did M. Hamel say about the French language?

h. How many years had M. Hamel been in the village?

But he had the courage to hear every lesson to the very last. After the writing, we had a lesson in history, and then the babies chanted their ba, be bi, bo, bu. Down there at the back of the room old Hauser had put on his spectacles and, holding his primer in both hands, spelled the letters with them. You could see that he, too, was crying; his voice trembled with emotion, and it was so funny to hear him that we all wanted to laugh and cry. Ah, how well I remember it, that last lesson!

All at once the church-clock struck twelve. Then the *Angelus. At the same moment the trumpets of the Prussians, returning from drill, sounded under our windows. M. Hamel stood up, very pale, in his chair. I never saw him look so tall.

“My friends,” said he, “I—I—” But something choked him. He could not go on.

Then he turned to the blackboard, took a piece of chalk, and, bearing on with all his might, he wrote as large as he could —* “Vive La France!”

Then he stopped and leaned his head against the wall, and, without a word, he made a gesture to us with his hand — “School is dismissed — you may go.”

Dialogue Writing: A Conversation Between Two Friends on Career Choices

Write a dialogue between two friends on the choice of career

Dialogue on Career Choice

Improved Dialogue: A Clear and Simple Conversation on Career Choices

Priya: Hi Rohan! Have you decided what stream you're going to choose after our exams?

Rohan: Hey Priya! I'm still thinking about it. I really enjoy computer science, but the competition is so high. What about you?

Priya: I'm in a similar situation. I love graphic design and art, but my parents want me to pursue medicine. They think it’s a more stable career.

Rohan: I understand that. My parents also suggest engineering because of the job security. It’s hard to balance our passion with practical concerns.

Priya: Exactly! I feel a creative field is right for me, but I'm worried about finding a steady job. It's a big decision and I feel a bit lost.

Rohan: True. But think about it this way: every field has opportunities. In computer science, I could specialize in something like AI or cybersecurity. For you, graphic design is in high demand for marketing and websites.

Priya: That's a good point. Maybe I can show my parents the scope of a career in design. It’s not just about painting anymore.

Rohan: Definitely! Maybe we should talk to the school career counselor. They can give us a clear path and help us explain our choices to our parents.

Priya: That’s a brilliant idea, Rohan! It would be great to get some professional advice. Let's go tomorrow. Thanks for the chat, I feel much better!

Rohan: No problem, Priya! We're in this together. It’s good to talk it out.

Tech Bloomers Prose: Q&A on Technology's Impact on Daily Life and Disabilities

Answer the questions - Tech Bloomers | Prose

A. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences.

1. What are the benefits of the internet to the common man?

The internet allows the users to get access to all sorts of information. A person can communicate face to face with his friend anywhere in this world. One can send money to foreign country, reserve tickets for their journey, pay bills and apply for overseas studies from any place through internet.

2. Do you think technology has improved communication? How?

Yes, technology has definitely improved communication. A person can communicate face to face with his friend anywhere in this world. It has enabled people to stay connected with friends and relatives who live far away.

3. How does David operate computers with the Liberator Communication Device?

The Liberator communication Device has an in-built Bluetooth adaptor. David sends commands to the computer through the Liberator. He controls it with his eye movements.

4. Which devices are controlled using ACTIV controller?

David controls his TV, Blu-ray and music players using an ACTIV controller. This device is attached to the headrest of his chair in his bedroom.

5. Who says these words: “I want everyone to know the difference technology has made in my life”?

Alisha is a disabled girl who suffers from cerebral palsy. Amazed at the wonders of technology she says, “I want everyone to know the difference, technology has made in my life”.

6. Which software helps Alisha to overcome her difficulty in typing?

Alisha has trouble with typing. So she uses an advance technology called Dragon Dictate to overcome this problem. The software types words on Alisha’s Screen when she speaks.

7. Name a few Indian innovations which are helpful to the disabled and make their day to day life easier.
  • LechaI shoes have GPS and Bluetooth that facilitate the disabled to navigate streets. Instructions are displayed in the map software on their smartphones.
  • Blee watch converts soundwaves into vibrations for the hearing impaired. Colour codes are used to alert them to various emergency sounds.
  • IGEST tracks gestures of the speech impaired and speaks for them.
8. Is it possible to control the computer screen with eye gaze?

Yes, the ECO point Eye gaze system can be effectively used to access computers.

9. Suggest ways of making our society inclusive.

A society is inclusive only when each and every individual has empathy. Facilitating people with impairments is the noblest act of humanity. Opportunities must be given to exhibit or bring out their skills.

10. How would you help the people with disabilities in your neighborhood?

I would introduce them to new technologies that are guaranteed to transform their lives. There are so many high-tech technologies that people are still ignorant of. Awareness is the solution. Technology helps the disabled to be independent, confident and competent.

B. Answer in a paragraph of about 100–150 words.

1. How do we use technology in our day to day lives?

Prose : TECH BLOOMERS
Theme : Technology is a life changer

Prose outline :

  • We live - era of advanced technology - revolutionized our world - access information - more services - modern devices - technology for disabled persons - made our lives easier, faster, better

We are living in an era of advanced technology. Over the years, technology has revolutionized our world. Technology has created amazing tools and resources, putting useful information at our fingertips. It allows the users to get access to all sorts of information. New methods of electronic communication, such as social networking websites, emails, voicemails, and video conferences have eliminated boundaries of time and distance. One can send money to a foreign country, reserve tickets for his/her journey, pay bills and apply for overseas studies from any place through internet. Modern technology has made it possible for the discovery of many functional and utility devices like the smartphone, tablet and the smartwatch. Technology is also a boon to the people with special needs. It enables the disabled persons to communicate, and be independent. It can help people like them to make friends, control their environment, study and find jobs. Thus technology has also made our lives easier, faster, better and more funny.

ESSAY

Introduction

We are living in an era of advanced technology. Over the years, technology has revolutionized our world. Technology has created amazing tools and resources, putting useful information at our fingertips.

Electronic means of communication

It allows the users to get access to all sorts of information. New methods of electronic communication, such as social networking websites, emails, voicemails, and video conferences have eliminated boundaries of time and distance.

Uses of internet

One can send money to a foreign country, reserve tickets for his/her journey, pay bills and apply for overseas studies from any place through internet.

Modern Technology

Modern technology has made it possible for the discovery of many functional and utility devices like the smartphone, tablet and the smartwatch.

Technology for Disabled

Technology is also a boon to the people with special needs. It enables the disabled persons to communicate, and to be independent. It can help people like them to make friends, control their environment, study and find jobs.

Conclusion

With all of these revolutions, technology has made our lives easier, faster, better and more funny.

Moral: “Technology is not just a tool. It can give learners a voice that they may not have”
2. “Technology is a boon to the disabled”. Justify.

Lesson : TECH BLOOMERS
Theme : Technology is a boon

Prose outline :

  • Technology - enabled the disabled - Alisha - cerebral palsy - uses Dragon Dictate - David - Athetoid cerebral palsy - uses Liberator Communication Device - be independent - boon to the disabled.

Technology has been registering an unbelievable growth in the recent decades. It has enabled the disabled to perform their day-to-day activities just like a normal person. Alisha is a disabled girl who suffers from cerebral palsy. She has trouble with typing. So she uses an advanced technology called Dragon Dictate, a software which helps to transfer her speech into words on the screen. Alisha feels that technology has made her more independent. David was born with Athetoid cerebral palsy. Modern technologies such as the Liberator Communication Device, ACTIV Controller, AAC, and ECO2 have enabled him not only to communicate freely but also to control his environment. According to David, technology is important, since it enables him to communicate, and to be independent. Stephan Hawking, World’s renowned physicist was successful only because of assistive technology. Thus technology can help people like Alisha and David to make friends, control their environment, study and find jobs. Really, Technology is a boon to the disabled.

ESSAY

Introduction

Technology has been registering an unbelievable growth in the recent decades. It has enabled the disabled to perform their day-to-day activities just like a normal person.

Alisha’s Life

Alisha is a disabled girl who suffers from cerebral palsy. She has trouble with typing. So she uses an advanced technology called Dragon Dictate, a software which helps to transfer her speech into words on the screen. Alisha feels that technology has made her more independent.

David’s Life

David was born with Athetoid cerebral palsy. He has been using a high tech communication aid, since he was eight years old. Modern technologies such as the Liberator Communication Device, ACTIV Controller, AAC, and ECO2 have enabled him not only to communicate freely but also to control his environment. Technology has helped him so much that he was even selected to work with the Olympic Opening Ceremony in Brazil. According to David, technology is important since it enables him to communicate, and be independent

Stephan Hawking

World’s renowned physicist, Stephan Hawking is the best example for using assistive technology as a boon. It helped him to overcome his physical impairments and assisted him to contribute to the world productively.

Conclusion

Thus technology can help people like Alisha and David to make friends, control their environment, study and find jobs. Really, Technology is a boon to the disabled.

Moral: “It is not that we use technology, but we live technology”

The Aged Mother: A Japanese Folktale by Matsuo Basho

The Aged Mother - The Story of the Aged Mother | by Matsuo Basho

Supplementary

The Aged Mother
Matsuo Basho

This Japanese folktale is also known as ‘The Story of the Aged Mother’. It highlights that the aged are sharp witted. It describes the love and affection a son and his mother have for one another.

Long, long ago there lived at the foot of the mountain a poor farmer and his aged, widowed mother. They owned a bit of land which supplied them with food, and they were humble, peaceful, and happy.

The country Shining was governed by a despotic leader who though a warrior, had a great and cowardly shrinking from anything suggestive of failing health and strength. This caused him to send out a cruel proclamation. The entire province was given strict orders to immediately put to death all aged people. Those were barbarous days, and the custom of abandoning old people to die was not uncommon. The poor farmer loved his aged mother with tender reverence, and the order filled his heart with sorrow. But no one ever thought twice about obeying the mandate of the governor, so with many deep and hopeless sighs, the youth prepared for what at that time was considered the kindest mode of death.

Just at sundown, when his day’s work was ended, he took a quantity of unwhitened rice which was the principal food for the poor, and he cooked, dried it, and tied it in a square cloth, which he swung in a bundle around his neck along with a gourd filled with cool, sweet water.

Son carrying his mother on his back up a mountain

Then he lifted his helpless old mother to his back and started on his painful journey up the mountain. The road was long and steep; the narrow road was crossed and re-crossed by many paths made by the hunters and woodcutters. In some place, they lost and confuses, but he gave no heed. One path or another, it mattered not. On he went, climbing blindly upward -- ever upward towards the high bare summit of what is known as Obatsuyama, the mountain of the “abandoning of the aged”.

The eyes of the old mother were not so dim but that they noted the reckless hastening from one path to another, and her loving heart grew anxious. Her son did not know the mountain’s many paths and his return might be one of danger, so she stretched forth her hand and snapping the twigs from brushes as they passed, she quietly dropped a handful every few steps of the way so that as they climbed, the narrow path behind them was dotted at frequent intervals with tiny piles of twigs. At last the summit was reached. Weary and heart sick, the youth gently released his burden and silently prepared a place of comfort as his last duty to the loved one. Gathering fallen pine needles, he made a soft cushion and tenderly lifted his old mother onto it. He wrapped her padded coat more closely about the stooping shoulders and with tearful eyes and an aching heart he said farewell.

The trembling mother’s voice was full of unselfish love as she gave her last injunction. “Let not thine eyes be blinded, my son.” She said. “The mountain road is full of dangers. LOOK carefully and follow the path which holds the piles of twigs. They will guide you to the familiar path farther down”. The son’s surprised eyes looked back over the path, then at the poor old, shriveled hands all scratched and soiled by their work of love. His heart broke within and bowing to the ground, he cried aloud: “Oh, honorable mother, your kindness breaks my heart! I will not leave you. Together we will follow the path of twigs, and together we will die!”

Once more he shouldered his burden (how light it seemed now) and hastened down the path, through the shadows and the moonlight, to the little hut in the valley. Beneath the kitchen floor was a walled closet for food, which was covered and hidden from view. There the son hid his mother, supplying her with everything she needed, continually watching and fearing she would be discovered. Time passed, and he was beginning to feel safe when again the governor sent forth heralds bearing an unreasonable order, seemingly as a boast of his power. His demand was that his subjects should present him with a rope of ashes.

A rope made of ashes on a stone surface

The entire province trembled with dread. The order must be obeyed yet who in all Shining could make a rope of ashes? One night, in great distress, the son whispered the news to his hidden mother. “Wait!” she said. “I will think. I will think” On the second day she told him what to do. “Make rope of twisted straw,” she said. “Then stretch it upon a row of flat stones and burn it on a windless night.” He called the people together and did as she said and when the blaze died down, there upon the stones, with every twist and fiber showing perfectly, lay a rope of ashes.

The governor was pleased at the wit of the youth and praised greatly, but he demanded to know where he had obtained his wisdom. “Alas! Alas!” cried the farmer, “the truth must be told!” and with deep bows he related his story. The governor listened and then meditated in silence. Finally he lifted his head. “Shining needs more than strength of youth,” he said gravely. “Ah, that I should have forgotten the well-known saying, “with the crown of snow, there cometh wisdom!” That very hour the cruel law was abolished, and custom drifted into as far a past that only legends remain.

About the Author:

Portrait of Matsuo Basho

Matsuo Basho (1644-1694) is one of the most famous poets of Japan. In Japan, many of his poems are seen on monuments and traditional sites. Basho was introduced to poetry at a young age, and he quickly became well known throughout Japan. He made a living as a teacher but later travelled throughout the country to gain inspiration for his writing.

Glossary for 'The Ant and the Cricket' Poem | Class 10 English Unit 4

Glossary

English: Poem: The Ant and the Cricket - Adapted from Aesop’s fables

Word Meanings

accustomed to (v) – be used to
gay (adj.) – glad, joyful
crumb (n) – piece of bread
famine (n) – extreme scarcity of food
miserly (adj.) – hesitant to spend money
quoth (v) – said (old English usage, used only in first and third person singular before the subject)
hastily (adv.) – hurriedly
warrant (v) – guarantee, promise

The Ant and the Cricket Poem: An Adaptation from Aesop’s Fables

The Ant and the Cricket

Adapted from Aesop’s Fables

A fable is a traditional story that teaches us a moral lesson. Usually the characters in the fables are animals. This poem ‘The Ant and the Cricket’ teaches us the importance of hard work and planning.

Poem: The Ant and the Cricket
A silly young cricket, accustomed to sing Through the warm, sunny months of gay summer and spring, Began to complain when he found that, at home, His cupboard was empty, and winter was come.
Not a crumb to be found On the snow-covered ground; Not a flower could he see, Not a leaf on a tree.
“Oh! what will become,” says cricket, “of me?” At last by starvation and famine made bold, All dripping with wet, and all trembling with cold, Away he set off to a miserly ant, To see if, to keep him alive, he would grant
Illustration of a cricket approaching an ant
Him shelter from rain. And a mouthful of grain. He wished only to borrow; He’d repay it tomorrow;
If not, he must die of starvation and sorrow. Says the ant to the cricket, “I’m your servant and friend, But we ants never borrow; we ants never lend. But tell me, dear cricket, did you lay anything by When the weather was warm?” Quoth the cricket, “Not I!”
My heart was so light That I sang day and night, For all nature looked gay.” “For all nature looked gay”. “ You sang, Sir, you say?
Go then”, says the ant, “and dance the winter away”. Thus ending, he hastily lifted the wicket, And out of the door turned the poor little cricket. Folks call this a fable. I‘ll warrant it true: Some crickets have four legs, and some have two.

- Adapted from Aesop’s fables

A cricket dancing in winter

About the Author

Portrait of Aesop

Aesop

Aesop’s fables’ is a collection of fables credited to Aesop, a slave and a story teller believed to have lived in ancient Greece between 620 and 564 B.C.E. These fables became popular when they emerged in print. Several stories are attributed to Aesop even today. The process of inclusion is continuous and new stories are being added. Collections of Aesop’s fables were among the earliest books to be printed in many languages.

The Attic by Satyajit Ray: Q&A and Analysis for Class 10 English

The Attic | by Satyajit Ray | Prose Q&A

A. Answer the following questions in two or three sentences.

1. Write a few lines about the owner of the shop.

The owner of the tea shop was over sixty. He was rustic in appearance with white neatly combed hair and clean look. He was wearing a dhoti and a blue striped shirt under a green shawl.

2. What was the daily routine of Sanyal?

Sanyal went to the tea shop and had tea and biscuits there. He never failed to pay for them. This was the daily routine of Sanyal.

3. Why was there a sudden change in Aditya’s expression?

When Sanyal recited the poem, Aditya could recognise that the man was Sanyal whom he had deceived a long time ago. He felt his mistake. So there was a sudden change in his expression.

4. Why did Aditya decide to visit his ancestral home?

Initially, Aditya decided to visit his ancestral home trying to revive his old childhood memories. After seeing Sanyal, he decided to go there to get the medal he once stole from Sanyal.

5. What was the condition of the attic?

The wall of the attic had crumbled down. In the whole house, the attic had been the worst hit by wind and weather. The floor was strewn with twigs, straw and pigeon droppings.

6. When did Aditya heave a sigh of relief? Why?

When Aditya had got the medal in the attic, he heaved a sigh of relief. Twenty nine years ago, Aditya had stolen it from Sanyal and kept it in the attic. Now he felt guilty and wanted to return it to Sanyal. It was safe till then.

7. Why did Aditya and his friend go to the jeweller?

Aditya and his friend went to the jeweller to find out the weight of Sanyal’s medal. They wanted to know the value so that Aditya could pay Sanyal the money for the medal.

8. What did Aditya offer Sanyal?

Aditya offered Sanyal a sum of one hundred and fifty rupees.

9. “Your grievances are absolutely justified.” Who says this to whom? Why?

Aditya says to Sanyal, “Your grievances are absolutely justified.” Aditya felt guilty of stealing Sanyal’s medal. So he justified Sanyal’s anger and grievance.

B. Answer in detail the following questions in about 100-150 words.

1. Give a detailed account of all thoughts and questions in the narrator's mind while accompanying Aditya from the tea shop to Sanyal’s house?

Prose: THE ATTIC

Author: Satyajit Ray

Theme: Thoughts and questions in the narrator's mind

Characters: Aditya, Narrator, Nagen uncle and Sanyal

Outline: Narrator’s visit to Aditya’s home town - Meet with Sanyal - Aditya’s expression - Aditya’s relief - Answers to the narrator’s questions.

The narrator and Aditya had visited Aditya’s village after twenty nine years. They went to Nagen uncle’s tea shop. They met Sasanka Sanyal there. Sanyal suddenly stood up and began to recite the poem ‘Panraksha’ by Tagore. The narrator doubted that Sanyal was a little crazy. And also, he could notice a sudden change in Aditya’s expression, while hearing Sanyal’s recitation. So he asked Aditya the reason for it, to which he didn’t answer. Aditya inquired Nagen about Sanyal. On their way to go to meet Sanyal again, Aditya expressed his wish to visit his old house. The narrator asked him whether he really wanted to visit his house. In his house, the narrator witnessed Aditya heaving a sigh of relief, when he had got a medal in the attic. Not knowing the fact, the narrator eagerly asked the reason for it. Aditya did not answer him there as well. Later they went to the jeweller to find out the weight of the medal. The narrator could not understood why Aditya behaved like that. They went to Kabiraj’s house, where Sanyal stayed. Aditya confessed Sanyal for his act of stealing his medal which he got for recitation. Only then, the narrator knew the answers for all the questions in his mind.

ESSAY

  • Introduction
  • Narrator’s doubt about Sanyal
  • Narrator’s observation
  • Narrator’s confusion
  • Answers to the narrator’s questions
  • Conclusion
Introduction:

In the story ‘The Attic’, the narrator and Aditya went to visit Aditya’s village after twenty nine years. While accompanying Aditya from the tea shop to Sanyal’s house, the narrator had lot of thoughts and questions regarding Aditya’s behaviour. Let us see them in detail.

Narrator’s doubt about Sanyal:

They met Sasanka Sanyal in the Nagen uncle’s tea shop. Sanyal suddenly stood up and began to recite the poem ‘Panraksha’ by Tagore. The narrator doubted that Sanyal was a little crazy.

Narrator’s observation:

The narrator could notice a sudden change in Aditya’s expression, while hearing Sanyal’s recitation. So he asked Aditya the reason for it to which he didn’t answer. Aditya inquired Nagen about Sanyal.

Narrator’s confusion:

On their way to meet Sanyal again, Aditya expressed his wish to visit his old house. The narrator asked him whether he really wanted to visit his house. In his house, the narrator witnessed Aditya heaving a sigh of relief, when he had got a medal in the attic. Not knowing the fact, the narrator eagerly asked the reason for it. Aditya did not answer him there as well.

Answers to the narrator’s questions:

Later they went to the jeweller to find out the weight of the medal. The narrator could not understood why Aditya behaved like that. They went to Kabiraj’s house where Sanyal stayed. Aditya confessed Sanyal for his act of stealing his medal which he got for recitation.

Conclusion:

Only then, the narrator knew the answers for all the questions in his mind.

Moral: Sometimes questions are complicated, and answers are simple.

2. ‘Man does change with time’ - What were the various changes that came about in Aditya?

Prose: THE ATTIC

Author: Satyajit Ray

Theme: Man does change with time

Characters: Aditya, Narrator, Nagen uncle and Sanyal

Outline: Aditya’s visit to his home town - Aditya met Sanyal - Aditya’s expression - Twenty nine years ago - Sanyal’s anger - Aditya’s change

Aditya and the narrator went to visit Aditya’s village after twenty nine years. They went to Nagen uncle’s tea shop. They met Sasanka Sanyal there. On seeing them, Sanyal began to recite the poem ‘Panraksha’ by Tagore. Aditya inquired Nagen about Sanyal. He could recognise that the man was Sanyal who he had deceived a long time ago. So there was a sudden change in his expression. He felt his guilt. Once Aditya was jealous of Sanyal, when Sanyal got a medal for recitation of Tagore’s poem. Then Aditya took the medal from Sanyal to show his father and never returned it. When Sanyal demanded his medal, Aditya replied that he had missed it. Aditya remembered all these. But Sanyal got angry with Aditya. Aditya justified Sanyal’s anger and grievance, since he committed the mistake. Now he wanted to prove that he was not the same as he had been earlier. He said to Sanyal that man changes with time. Aditya too changed and realized his mistake. So he gave Sanyal the cost of the medal one hundred and fifty rupees. As Sanyal refused, Aditya handed over the silver medal to him and proved that he has changed with time.

ESSAY

  • Introduction
  • Narrator’s visit to Aditya’s home town
  • Meet with Sanyal
  • Aditya’s expression
  • Twenty nine years ago
  • Sanyal’s anger
  • Aditya’s change
Introduction:

In the story ‘The Attic’, the narrator and Aditya went to visit Aditya’s village after twenty nine years. Let us see how time changes Aditya to realise and repay his mistake.

Aditya’s visit to his home town

The narrator and Aditya went to visit Aditya’s village after twenty nine years. They went to Nagen uncle’s tea shop.

Aditya met Sanyal:

They met Sasanka Sanyal there. On seeing them, Sanyal began to recite the poem Panraksha by Tagore with eyes dilated. Aditya inquired Nagen about Sanyal.

Aditya’s expression:

Aditya was stunned. He could recognise that the man was Sanyal whom he had deceived a long time ago. So there was a sudden change in his expression. He felt guilty.

Twenty nine years ago:

Once Aditya was jealous of Sanyal, when Sanyal got a medal for recitation of a poem. Aditya took the medal from Sanyal to show his father and never returned, it to Sanyal. When Sanyal demanded his medal, Aditya replied that there was a hole in his pocket and it had fallen through it. Aditya remembered everything.

Sanyal’s anger:

But Sanyal got angry with Aditya. Aditya justified Sanyal’s anger and grievance, since he committed the mistake.

Aditya’s change:

Now he wanted to prove that he was not the same as he had been earlier. He said to Sanyal that man changes with time. Aditya too changed and realized his mistake. So he gave Sanyal the cost of the medal one hundred and fifty rupees. As Sanyal refused, Aditya handed over the silver medal to him and proved that he has changed with time.

Conclusion:

In course of time, people change. Here, in this story, Aditya had undergone a change and determined to return the silver medal to Mr. Sanyal.

Moral: Time changes and we change with them.

3. Give a brief character sketch of Sasanka Sanyal.

Prose: THE ATTIC

Author: Satyajit Ray

Theme: Character sketch of Sasanka Sanyal

Characters: Aditya, Narrator, Nagen uncle and Sanyal

Outline: Author Introduction - Sanyal’s life - Sanyal’s self respect - Sanyal’s recognition - Sanyal’s innocence - Sanyal’s self esteem

Sasanka Sanyal led a cursed life, He sold his lands and his house for his daughter’s marriage. He lost his wife and only son the year before. He was forced to stay in Jogesh Kabiraj’s house who was his father’s friend. In spite of his suffering, he showed his sense of self respect by paying money for his tea and biscuits in the tea shop. He recognised Aditya at the tea shop itself. He recited the poem for which he got the medal. He recited it so that Aditya could remember and recognize him. He could not forgive Aditya, who never returned the silver medal. Sanyal became helpless due to old age and poverty. He was a man of innocence who expressed his grievances politely. He admitted that he got angry at the tea shop. Finally he acknowledged that he could not control his anger and behaved indifferently. He did not accept the money for his medal from Aditya. He frankly asked Aditya that he wanted his medal back. For him, the silver medal and the recognition were more valuable than anything else. Though Sanyal suffered a lot, he proved that he had an acute sense of self-respect.

ESSAY

  • Introduction
  • Sanyal’s life
  • Sanyal’s self respect
  • Sanyal’s reminiscences
  • Sanyal’s innocence
  • Sanyal’s dignity
  • Conclusion
Introduction:

In the story ‘The Attic’, the narrator pictured the genuine character of a poor village man Sasanka Sanyal. Let us see it.

Sanyal’s life:

Sasanka Sanyal led a cursed life. He sold his lands and his house for his daughter’s marriage. He lost his wife and only son the year before. He was forced to stay in Jogesh Kabiraj’s house who was his father’s friend.

Sanyal’s self respect:

Sanyal showed his sense of self respect by paying money for his tea and biscuits in the tea shop.

Sanyal’s reminiscences:

He has not forgotten the unpleasant incidents of the past. He recognised Aditya at the tea shop and recited the poem that he recited on the prize-giving day. He recited it so that Aditya could remember and recognize him. He could not forgive Aditya who never returned the silver medal.

Sanyal’s innocence:

Sanyal became helpless due to old age and poverty. He was a man of innocence who expressed his grievances politely. He admitted that he got angry at the tea shop. Finally he acknowledged that he could not control his anger and behaved indifferently.

Sanyal’s dignity:

He did not accept the money for his medal from Aditya. He frankly asked Aditya that he wanted his medal back. For him, the silver medal and the recognition were more valuable than anything else.

Conclusion:

Though Sanyal suffered a lot, he proved that he had an acute sense of self-respect.

Moral: Self-respect is the root of discipline.

The Attic by Satyajit Ray | Glossary and Word Meanings for Class 10 English

Glossary - The Attic | by Satyajit Ray | Prose

Glossary

bifurcated (v) – divided into two

revive (v) – to bring something back to life

soothing (v) – making someone feel calm

rustic (adj.) – typical of the countryside

dilated (v) – widened than usual

ascertained (v) – confirmed

overwrought (adj.) – state of being upset

attic (n) – the space or room at the top of a building, under the roof

crumbled (v) – broken

spire (n) – a tall, pointed structure on top of a building, especially on top of a church tower

unperturbed (adj.) – undisturbed

affluent (adj.) – wealthy

smacks (v) – drive or put forcefully into or on to something

Empowered Women at Work: Reading Comprehension Exercise | Prose Analysis

Reading - Empowered Women Navigating The World | Prose

I. Read the data below and answer the following questions.

Infographic showing percentage of women at work in different fields.

Choose the correct answer.

  1. What is the data about?

    • a. women empowerment
    • b. women power
    • c. women at work
    • d. women at home
  2. Identify the three jobs where the same percentage of women work.

    Options for question 2 showing four combinations of jobs.

    Ans: b

  3. In which field of work is women’s involvement the second highest?

    • a. Logistics stores
    • b. Home maker
    • c. Medicine
    • d. Administration/Human resource
  4. Percentage of women working in finance is the same as

    • a. Home maker
    • b. Information Technology
    • c. Technical Field
    • d. Administration/Human Resources
  5. What is the difference between the percentage of women working in logistics and Medicine?

    • a. 8
    • b. 11
    • c. 13
    • d. 5

Glossary for Empowered Women Navigating The World | Class 10 English Prose

Glossary - Empowered Women Navigating The World | Prose

Glossary

circumnavigate (v)
to travel all the way around something, especially the earth
indigenously (adv.)
naturally; innately; inherently
consonance (n)
agreement or compatibility between opinions or actions
skippered (v)
to act as a master or captain of a vessel especially a small boat
expedition (n)
a journey or voyage made for some specific purpose, such as of war or exploration
replenishment (n)
restoration of a stock or supply to a former level or condition
apprehensive (adj.)
anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen
contention (n)
strenuous effort; struggling together in opposition
auxiliary (adj.)
additional; used as a reserve or substitute in case of need
anticipate (v)
to foresee; to realize beforehand; to expect; be sure of
bio-luminescence (n)
the production of light by living organisms
golgappas (n)
the other term for pani puri
morale (n)
emotional or mental condition with respect to confidence especially in the face of hardships

Zigzag by Asha Nehemiah | Class 10 English Supplementary Story Explained

Zigzag - by Asha Nehemiah

Supplementary Story

Zigzag by Asha Nehemiah

The family that shelters a new pet is totally taken up by the commotions it creates at home. Read on the story to find out there is a turn of events when they get to know the reality.

Dr. Ashok T. Krishnan’s clinic usually sounded more like an ancient Chinese torture chamber than a child specialist’s clinic. This was because the tiny children who were his patients left out a variety of blood–curdling yells and ear-splitting sobs.

‘It’s all because my patients were making so much noise and crying so loudly, ‘ he apologized to his wife one evening, ‘that Somu couldn’t hear me properly. He rang me in the clinic to ask whether we could keep zigzag with us when he leaves for Alaska. And now Somu thinks I said “yes”, even though I clearly said “no” ! I know you are busy getting your painting ready for your exhibition next w…’

‘Zigzag!’ interrupted their nine-year-old daughter Maya.

Isn’t that Uncle Somu’s prized giant green-and -gold fighting beetle. The one that spits deadly poison straight into its opponent’s eye?’

‘No , no,’ corrected her older brother Arvind, eyes shining in pure delight. ‘The beetle is called Spitfire. Zigzag must be Uncle Somu’s pet snake. The African sidewinder! You know, the one that slithers zigzag all over his house!’

‘You’re both quite mistaken,’ their father hastened to explain, seeing his wife’s horrified expression. ‘Zigzag is a most harmless, unusual and lovable bird. Apparently, it was bred by a genuine African witch doctor, who gifted it to Somu when he-------being a child specialist like me ----------- cured the witch doctor’s son while he was touring the deepest jungles of equatorial Africa last month. Somu says the bird is an absolute treasure and a real help. It’s his favourite pet, you know’.

Somu might be your best friend, but most of these so called “favourite” possessions that he has given us were absolute nuisances!’ countered Mrs. Krishnan angrily. A talented artist, she applied a dab of yellow-ochre paint onto her painting titled Sunset at Marina, paused for a moment to survey the effect and then continued, ‘Remember the rare insect-eating plant he brought back from the wettest corner of the Amazonian rainforest! He insisted that we keep it because it would eat the mosquitoes in the house and now that wretched plant requires a room heater to keep it alive in Chennai!’

‘Ma!’ protested Arvind, ‘That’s not really true. Uncle Somu’s given us some really fabulous gifts.’

‘Right! Remember the tiny penknife he gave me last year, the one with a genuine shark’s tooth blade. That’s been really useful,’ Maya joined the protest.

‘No one but you, Maya,’ Mrs.Krishnan told her daughter sternly,‘would describe a penknife that has cut open the pockets of three skirts and two pairs of jeans as really useful.’

‘And what about the aboriginal boomerang Uncle Somu brought us all the way from Australia?’ demanded Arvind. ‘You can’t deny that it was a great hit with everyone.’

‘Great hit indeed!’ Mrs.Krishnan didn’t bother to hide her sarcasm and continued, ‘Considering that the boomerang sliced through all the TV aerials in the neighbourhood, caused permanent damage to several cars in the parking lot, and knocked out our watchman cold, with the force you threw it.’

‘But Zigzag is different. Somu says we are sure to love Zigzag,’ soothed Dr.Krishnan, ‘because the bird can talk and sing in about twenty-one different language mostly African languages, of course. When it sings, it moves the listeners to tears.’

‘It’s Somu’s thoughtless ways that reduce me to tears!’ Mrs.Krishnan said irritably. ‘What a time to dump this multilingual, talking-singing bird on us. Here I’m tied up in knots trying to get my paintings together for the exhibition next week.’

‘May I take Zigzag to school, Papa?’ Arvind, as always, was planning ahead. ‘I want to display him in the science exhibition.’

‘When is Zigzag coming, Papa?’ Maya was jumping up and down, all excited.

‘Uncle Somu said he would send Zigzag with his old cook, Visu, sometime today. I’ll have to leave for my clinic now. There,’ he added as the doorbell rang, ‘that’s probably them!’

And indeed it was!

‘Come in, Zigzag, come in, dear! ’coazedVisu, and in tottered the strangest, weirdest-looking bird the Krishnan family had ever seen.

About a foot and a half tall, its bald head was fringed with a crown of shocking pink feathers while the rest of its plumage was in various shades of the muddiest sludgiest brown. Its curved beak was sunflower-yellow and its eyes were the colour of cola held to sunlight.

‘This is Zigzag! Announced Visu with a flourish. ‘His full name is Ziggy-Zagga-king-of-the-Tonga. How I’m going to miss him! So beautifully he talks! He can even recite French Poetry!’

The object of all this praise was standing cool and unmoved, with an expression of almost-human grumpiness in his cola-coloured eyes.

Arvind, finding that Zigzag was sulkily refusing to say a word despite all their efforts at striking a conversation, dashed into the kitchen to return with a plate heaped hurriedly with juicy fruit slices and some nuts.

Bored eyes brightened momentarily as Zigzag picked up a walnut. But refusing to speak, he dropped one wrinkled eyelid in a solemn wink and flew clumsily to deposit the nut on the enormous chandelier hanging from the ceiling. Bit by bit, and in total silence, all the fruit on the plate was transferred to the chandelier and on to the blades of the ceiling fan (now switched off).

Then perching comfortably on a curtain rod, Zigzag dropped one wizened eyelid in another solemn wink as he sank his beak into a plump guava.

‘Don’t worry, children,’ Visu comforted as he left, noticing how disappointed they looked when Zigzag stubbornly refused to say a single word to them even though they tried speaking to him in English, Hindi, Tamil and French. ‘Just wait till Zigzag settles down in this new home, they you can have a great time listening to him.’

As it happened, the children didn’t have to wait more than ten minutes to have a great time listening to Zigzag. For as soon as Visu left, Zigzag, still perched on the curtain rod, went off to sleep. And the moment he fell asleep, he began to SNORE!

And what a snore it was Kngrrwheeze!!! It began as a soft grumbly sort of rumble, much like that which the stomach of a mildly hungry dinosaur might have made. Then it grew louder, and louder, and LOUDER until it sounded as if a herd of elephants with cold was trumpeting angrily in the room. KNGRRDRRWHEEZE!!!

Zigzag’s snore pounded their eardrums till their heads ached.

‘In vain did they try to wake the snoring bird. ‘Twenty-one languages, he’s supposed to know!’ snorted Mrs.Krishnan. ‘Yet this bird chooses to communicate only in snorish, snorese, snorian, snorihili, snoralu…’

‘I thought it was scientific fact that birds couldn’t snore,’ said Maya, trying to squirt water from a small water pistol at Zigzag to wake him and wetting most of the curtains, the walls and a sofa instead.

‘African witch doctor’s birds don’t obey scientific rules.’ Arvind was annoyed that his best imitations of a raging lion, a hungry hyena and a ferocious dog had failed to draw Zigzag out of his deep slumber. Now he tried his loudest, most frightening coyote call.

But Zigzag slept on undisturbed.

And snored on.

In total despair at their failure to wake Zigzag, or at least stop him snoring, they shut themselves in the bedroom that was furthest away from Mrs.Krishnan’s studio where Zigzag was creating the terrible din. Mrs.Krishnan was just unraveling a roll of cotton wool to stuff in her ears, when they heard their maid, Lakshmi, shrieking as if she had been electrocuted.

A depiction of the strange bird Zigzag

Hearts hammering, they rushed to the studio to find Lakshmi dancing and clapping her hands excitedly as she yelled, ‘We’ ve been blessed! We’ve been truly blessed! It’s raining papayas and bananas in this room!’

They froze in horror. Lakshmi had apparently switched on the fan on which Zigzag had left some fruit and nuts. Half-pecked fruit streamed off the fan, dampening even Lakshmi’s enthusiasm as a guava landed on her cheek with a soft squish and one walnut hit her forehead with a loud smack. One slice of over-ripe papaya came whizzing off the fan and, as they watched it helplessly, it oh horrors splattered all over Mrs.Krishnan’s unfinished masterpiece, sunset at Marina, spreading streaks of gooey orange pulp and shiny black seeds all over it.

Mrs.Krishnan groaned tragically and looked ready to shoot Zigzag, but he was saved by the bell. The telephone bell! They answered one call after another as all the neighbours rang upto demand what the awful kngrrdrrwheeze sound was and if they could please have some peace.

And through all this commotion, Zigzag slept on unconcerned. And snored on.

Finally, an exhausted Mrs.Krishnan rang up her husband. I’am going crazy with the sound of Zigzag snoring, plus all these angry telephone calls. And my beautiful painting…’ Here her voice cracked. ‘You know Mrs.Jhunjhunwala, the art critic who lives upstairs, well, she heard Zigzag snoring and had the cheek to telephone and ask me whether I could sing a little softly when I took my singing lessons. Please contact Somu and find out what we should do.’

Dr.Krishnan came home as fast as he could after he had left an e-mail message for Somu, asking him for clear instructions on how to stop Zigzag from snoring.’

‘Don’t worry,’ he reassured his downcast family. ‘Somu will reply soon and we’ll discover there’s some ridiculously simple way to stop Zigzag from snoring.

Six days passed. Six frantic days of checking their e-mail day and night. Six torturous days of having the deafeningly loud KNGRRDRRWHEEZE resound in their home, most nerve wrackingly. Maya complained that she heard a permanent rumbling sound in her ears even when she was miles away from home and that her ears ached all the time. Arvind confessed that, for the first time in his life, he was actually looking forward to going to school considering it was as calm as a monastery compared to their house. Mrs. Krishnan had lost interest in painting. Zigzag would sometimes wake up briefly when he wanted to eat some fruit, and sometimes he would sit on the veranda looking sulky and bored as he stared at the sunset at Marina beach- the real view, not the painting lying forlorn in one corner, ruined by streaks of hardening papaya. Zigzag never spoke to anyone, though everyone tried several times, and in several languages, to speak to him kindly. He only slept. And snored.

On the seventh day, Dr.Somu’s e-mail arrived. It was, as Dr.Krishnan predicted, ridiculously simple. It read:

Somu's email instructions about Zigzag

‘That does it,’saidMrs.Krishnan. ‘Find Visu! I will not keep Zigzag here another minute!’

‘Calm down, dear, I’m leaving for my clinic now. Can’t it wait till…’

‘No, it’s now!’ Mrs.Krishnan was adamant. ‘I’ve invited some friends and are experts to come home and choose my paintings for the exhibition. This feathered, snoring monster will drive us all mad!’

‘Come on then, Zigzag,’ called Dr.Krishnan nervously, wondering how he would locate Somu’s cook, Visu.

‘Er, why don’t you wait in the car, Zigzag?’ he suggested. When they reached his clinic, his heart sinking at the thought of Zigzag’s ear-shatteringly loud snore adding to the din of the sobs and shrieks produced by the tiny patients waiting for him.

But Ziggy-Zagga- King-of-the-Tonga was not accustomed to being kept waiting and was already making his way to the clinic where he perched himself on the nurse’s reception table.

Zigzag perched on the reception table in the clinic

‘Don’t you dare sleep!’ Dr.Krishnan warned Zigzag fiercely as he went towards his room.

He had hardly walked through the swinging half-door that separated his clinic from the waiting room when he heard a strange voice say, ‘You there in the blue T-shirt, don’t jump on the sofa. And you in the red dress, don’t swing on the curtain.’

It was Zigzag’s voice, clear and commanding. There was pin-drop silence in the room as everyone waited, open-mouthed, for Zigzag’s next sentence.

Dr.Krishnan was amazed! Gone was Zigzag’s bored and grumpy expression. Instead the bird looked happy and alert as it went about the job it had been trained for, first with the African witch doctor and then with Dr.Somu. Dr.Krishnan’s clinic, usually a noisy sea of tears and tantrums, was transformed into a calm, orderly place as Zigzag efficiently soothed the frightened patients, scolded the naughty ones and made the crying ones smile. And if his yam-digging song and recitation of French poetry reduced the children to helpless laughter instead of tears, he didn’t look as though he minded. And best of all, Zigzag never slept. Or snored. Even for a second!

Never had a morning passed so quietly and peacefully for Dr.Krishnan. When the last patient had left, he called Zigzag to his room. Zigzag flew in and sat on the table. Scratching the bird under its beak, Dr.Krishnan sighed and said, ‘Somu was right, after all. You are an absolute treasure. I never realized what he meant when he called you a great help. Why didn’t you tell me you’d prefer to be at my clinic instead of snoring like that to show you were bored? What do we do now? No one wants you back at home now; they want me to leave you with Visu.’

Just then the telephone rang. It was Mrs.Krishnan, sounding very pleased with herself. ‘You know Mrs.Jhunjhunwula, the art critic?’ she chuckled. ‘She doesn’t want me to exhibit sunset at marina. She’s bought it for herself, for ₹ 5,000!’

Isn’t that the painting the papaya fell on …..?

‘Yes.’ Mrs.Krishnan was laughing heartily now. I had left it in one corner and she chose to buy it, saying she loved my new technique of painting! She simply adored those streaky orangey bits! She launched into fresh gales of laughter. ‘By the way,’ she said when she sobered down, ‘I don’t think we were fair to Zigzag. Shall we keep him with us at home, just on trial for another week?’

‘Sure!’, agreed a delighted Dr.Krishnan before he cleverly added. ‘And I could always take him to the clinic every morning so that you can paint in peace at home.’

‘My boy!’ he confided to Zigzag after matters were satisfactorily settled, giving the bird a toffee from his desk. ‘You have your own strange way of showing your genius. A Zigzag way, I’d call it, wouldn’t you?’

But Ziggy - Zagga - King - of - the -Tonga, brought up on compliments as he was, didn’t bother to reply. He just ate the toffee, paper wrapper and all, and then lowered one crinkly eyelid in a knowing wink.

Asha Nehemiah, the author of Zigzag

About the author

Asha Nehemiah born in 1958 at Chennai has lived, studied and worked in 8 different cities and small towns and is now a resident of Bangalore. She has always been interested in writing .Her love for reading , led her to study Literature in college. If she had not been a writer, she would have been a teacher . Humour, fantasy mystery and adventure are the strong elements in her work. She loves baking, walking, reading and travelling.