Question 1
(A) Choose the correct alternatives:
(i) Our muscle cells perform __________ type of respiration during exercise.
Answer: (B) Anaerobic
(ii) Which of the following animals can regenerate its broken body part?
Answer: (D) Starfish
(iii) Government of India has encouraged the __________ for improving the productivity by launching NKM-16.
Answer: (C) Pisciculture (Note: NKM-16 usually refers to the Neel Kranti Mission/Blue Revolution).
(iv) At the district level __________ is responsible for disaster management and implementation of rehabilitation schemes.
Answer: (A) Collector
(v) __________ of West Bengal is reserved for tigers.
Answer: (D) Sundarban National Park
(B) Answer the following questions:
(i) State whether the following statement is True or False: Evolution is the gradual change occurring in living organisms over a long duration.
Answer: True
(ii) Write the name of any one sexual disease.
Answer: Syphilis (or Gonorrhea / AIDS)
(iii) Select odd man out: Gutkha, Yoga, Alcoholic drinks, Cigarette.
Answer: Yoga (Others are addictive and harmful substances).
(iv) Fill in the box with proper word: Kinetic Energy in wind -> [ ______ ]
Answer: Kinetic Energy in Turbine (or eventually Electrical Energy).
(v) Match the correct pair:
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| Xylitol | (b) To impart sweetness |
Question 2
(A) Give scientific reasons (any two):
(i) Some of the organs in human body are most valuable.
Reason: Certain organs like the kidneys, heart, liver, and eyes are vital for survival or quality of life. If these organs fail, a person's life is at risk. However, these organs can be donated (after death or in some cases like kidneys/liver lobe while alive) to save the lives of patients in need. Due to their life-saving potential and scarcity, they are considered most valuable.
(ii) Hydroelectric energy, solar energy and wind energy are called renewable energies.
Reason: These energy sources are obtained from inexhaustible natural resources (water, sun, wind) that are continuously replenished by nature. Unlike fossil fuels, they do not run out after use and are generally eco-friendly. Hence, they are called renewable energies.
(iii) Fibres are one of the important nutrients.
Reason: Although human bodies cannot digest fibres, they are crucial for digestion. They help in the digestion of other substances and facilitate the excretion of undigested food (egestion), preventing constipation. Therefore, they are considered important nutrients.
(B) Answer the following questions (any three):
(i) Observe the given animals (Fig A: Duck-billed Platypus, Fig B: Lungfish) and answer the questions:
(a) Identify the animals:
Fig A: Duck-billed Platypus
Fig B: Lungfish
(b) State the type of evidence of evolution:
Connecting Links.
Fig A: Duck-billed Platypus
Fig B: Lungfish
(b) State the type of evidence of evolution:
Connecting Links.
(ii) Complete the chart: Asexual reproduction in multicellular organisms.
1. Fragmentation
2. Regeneration
3. Budding
4. Vegetative Propagation
5. Spore Formation
2. Regeneration
3. Budding
4. Vegetative Propagation
5. Spore Formation
(iii) Complete the table:
| Sr. No. | Microbe used | Name of beverage |
|---|---|---|
| 1. | Lactobacillus brevis | Coffee |
| 2. | Candida, Hansenula, Pichia, Saccharomyces | Cocoa |
| 3. | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Wine |
| 4. | Saccharomyces cerevisiae | Cider |
(iv) Give two examples of each:
(a) Physical problems arising due to excessive use of mobile phones:
1. Headache / Insomnia
2. Vision problems / Joint pain
(b) Activities under the jurisdiction of cyber crime laws:
1. Hacking of information / Bank frauds
2. Identity theft / Cyber stalking
1. Headache / Insomnia
2. Vision problems / Joint pain
(b) Activities under the jurisdiction of cyber crime laws:
1. Hacking of information / Bank frauds
2. Identity theft / Cyber stalking
(v) Write any two objectives of disaster management.
1. To save human lives and property from disasters.
2. To supply essential commodities (food, water, medicine) to affected people.
3. To rehabilitate the affected people and restore normalcy in the area.
2. To supply essential commodities (food, water, medicine) to affected people.
3. To rehabilitate the affected people and restore normalcy in the area.
Question 3
Answer the following questions (any five):
(i) Distinguish between Sexual reproduction and Asexual reproduction.
| Sexual Reproduction | Asexual Reproduction |
|---|---|
| Two parents (male and female) are involved. | Only one parent is involved. |
| Germ cells (Gametes) are formed. | Gametes are not formed. |
| Offspring show genetic variation. | Offspring are genetically identical (clones). |
| It is a slower process. | It is a faster process. |
(ii) Complete the chart (Respiration / Glycolysis):
(a) Fatty acids
(b) Amino acids
(c) Pyruvic acid
(d) Acetyl Co-A
(e) Krebs Cycle
(f) CO2 + H2O + Energy
(b) Amino acids
(c) Pyruvic acid
(d) Acetyl Co-A
(e) Krebs Cycle
(f) CO2 + H2O + Energy
(iii) Answer the following questions (Vestigial Organs):
(a) Define vestigial organs: Degenerated or underdeveloped useless organs of organisms are called vestigial organs.
(b) Two vestigial organs in human body: Appendix, Tail bone (Coccyx), Wisdom teeth, Ear muscles.
(c) Organs non-functional in humans but functional in others: Appendix (functional in ruminants), Ear muscles (functional in monkeys).
(b) Two vestigial organs in human body: Appendix, Tail bone (Coccyx), Wisdom teeth, Ear muscles.
(c) Organs non-functional in humans but functional in others: Appendix (functional in ruminants), Ear muscles (functional in monkeys).
(iv) Complete the following flow chart (Thermal Energy):
Generation of electrical energy using thermal energy:
Fuel Coal → [Boiler for conversion of water to steam] → [Steam Turbine] → Generator → Electrical energy
Energy transformation:
Chemical energy in coal → [Thermal energy] → [Kinetic energy in steam] → [Kinetic energy in turbine] → Electrical energy
Fuel Coal → [Boiler for conversion of water to steam] → [Steam Turbine] → Generator → Electrical energy
Energy transformation:
Chemical energy in coal → [Thermal energy] → [Kinetic energy in steam] → [Kinetic energy in turbine] → Electrical energy
(v) Complete the paragraph regarding Cheese Production:
Cheese is produced on large scale from the abundantly available milk all over the world. First chemical and microbiological tests of milk are performed. Some colours and microbes like Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus cremoris and Streptococcus thermophilus are mixed with milk. It imparts sourness to the milk. After this, to impart the dense texture, whey needs to be removed. An enzyme rennet obtained from alimentary canal of cattle was being traditionally used earlier. However an enzyme protease obtained from fungi is used at present to produce cheese.
(vi) Write a short note on the importance of medicinal plants.
India has a great tradition of Ayurveda that cures diseases with the help of natural resources. Medicinal plants are the main source of these cures. For example, Adulsa is used for cough and cold, Tulsi is an immunity booster, and Ashwagandha is used for vitality. Conservation of these plants is crucial as they provide side-effect-free remedies.
(vii) Explain the importance of good communication with others.
Good communication helps to express one's feelings, problems, and thoughts effectively. It helps in relieving stress and mental pressure. Communicating with parents, teachers, and friends helps in finding solutions to problems, thereby preventing depression and maintaining good social health.
(viii) Identify the type of disaster and write its effect:
| Event | Type of Disaster | Effect |
|---|---|---|
| (a) Terrorism | Man-made (Intentional) | Loss of life, Property damage, Fear/Panic |
| (b) Forest Fire | Natural or Man-made | Loss of biodiversity, Air pollution |
| (c) Theft | Man-made (Intentional) | Financial loss, Mental stress |
Question 4
Answer the following questions (any one):
(i) Complete the following flow chart explaining my role in environmental conservation:
My Role in Environmental Conservation:
- Conservation: Conserving the available resources.
- Control: Preventing the harm; stopping the harmful activities.
- Production: Revival of harmed factors of environment; attempting innovation.
- Awareness: Education, guidance, awareness, imitation, organization, participation.
- Prevention: Preventing possible harms; designing new plans; factors harmful to environment.
- Preservation: Preserving whatever has been left; preserving biodiversity.
(ii) Observe the picture (Fig A: Fish, Fig B: Pigeon) and answer the questions:
(a) Identify the class of animals shown in above picture.
Fig A (Fish) belongs to Class Pisces.
Fig B (Pigeon) belongs to Class Aves.
(b) Which similarities are shown in above animals from the adaptation point of view?
Both animals have a spindle-shaped (streamlined) body. This adaptation minimizes the resistance of the surrounding medium (water for fish, air for birds) during movement.
(c) Why these animals are included in different classes inspite of their similarities?
Despite the streamlined shape, they have major differences:
Fig A (Fish) belongs to Class Pisces.
Fig B (Pigeon) belongs to Class Aves.
(b) Which similarities are shown in above animals from the adaptation point of view?
Both animals have a spindle-shaped (streamlined) body. This adaptation minimizes the resistance of the surrounding medium (water for fish, air for birds) during movement.
(c) Why these animals are included in different classes inspite of their similarities?
Despite the streamlined shape, they have major differences:
- Respiration: Fish use gills, Birds use lungs.
- Habitat: Fish are aquatic, Birds are aerial/terrestrial.
- Skin: Fish have scales, Birds have feathers.
- Thermoregulation: Fish are cold-blooded (Poikilotherms), Birds are warm-blooded (Homeotherms).
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