Class 9th Physics & Chemistry AP Board Solution
Improve Your Learning- Draw the diagram to show the experimental setup for the law of conservation of mass.…
- Explain the process and precautions in verifying law of conservation of mass.…
- 15.9g. of copper sulphate and 10.6g of sodium carbonate react together to give 14.2g of…
- Carbon dioxide is added to 112g of calcium oxide. The product formed is 200g of calcium…
- 0.24g sample of compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to contain 0.144g of…
- In a class, a teacher asked to write the molecular formula of oxygen Shamita wrote the…
- Imagine what would happen if we do not have standard symbols for elements?…
- Mohith said "H2 differs from 2H". Justify.
- Lakshmi gives a statement "CO and Co both represents element". Is it correct? State…
- The formula of the water molecule is H2O. What information you get from this formula.…
- How would you write 2 molecules of oxygen and 5 molecules of Nitrogen.…
- The formula of a metal oxide is MO. Then write the formula of its chloride.…
- Formula of calcium hydroxide is Ca (OH)2 and zinc phosphate is Zn3(PO4)2. Then write the…
- Find out the chemical names and formulae for the following common household substances. a)…
- 0.5 mole of N2 gas. Calculate the mass of the following
- 0.5 mole of N atoms. Calculate the mass of the following
- 3.011 × 10^23 number of N atoms. Calculate the mass of the following…
- 6.022 × 10^23 number of N2 molecules. Calculate the mass of the following…
- 46g of Na Calculate the number of particles in each of the following…
- 8g of O2 Calculate the number of particles in each of the following…
- 0.1 mole of hydrogen Calculate the number of particles in each of the following…
- 12g of O2 gas. Convert into mole
- 20g of water. Convert into mole
- 22g of carbon dioxide. Convert into mole
- Write the valencies of Fe in FeCl2 and FeCl3
- Calculate the molar mass of Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and glucose (C6H12O6)…
- Which has more number of atoms - 100g of sodium or 100g of iron? Justify your answer.…
- Complete the following table.
- Fill the following table
- Draw the diagram to show the experimental setup for the law of conservation of mass.…
- Explain the process and precautions in verifying law of conservation of mass.…
- 15.9g. of copper sulphate and 10.6g of sodium carbonate react together to give 14.2g of…
- Carbon dioxide is added to 112g of calcium oxide. The product formed is 200g of calcium…
- 0.24g sample of compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to contain 0.144g of…
- In a class, a teacher asked to write the molecular formula of oxygen Shamita wrote the…
- Imagine what would happen if we do not have standard symbols for elements?…
- Mohith said "H2 differs from 2H". Justify.
- Lakshmi gives a statement "CO and Co both represents element". Is it correct? State…
- The formula of the water molecule is H2O. What information you get from this formula.…
- How would you write 2 molecules of oxygen and 5 molecules of Nitrogen.…
- The formula of a metal oxide is MO. Then write the formula of its chloride.…
- Formula of calcium hydroxide is Ca (OH)2 and zinc phosphate is Zn3(PO4)2. Then write the…
- Find out the chemical names and formulae for the following common household substances. a)…
- 0.5 mole of N2 gas. Calculate the mass of the following
- 0.5 mole of N atoms. Calculate the mass of the following
- 3.011 × 10^23 number of N atoms. Calculate the mass of the following…
- 6.022 × 10^23 number of N2 molecules. Calculate the mass of the following…
- 46g of Na Calculate the number of particles in each of the following…
- 8g of O2 Calculate the number of particles in each of the following…
- 0.1 mole of hydrogen Calculate the number of particles in each of the following…
- 12g of O2 gas. Convert into mole
- 20g of water. Convert into mole
- 22g of carbon dioxide. Convert into mole
- Write the valencies of Fe in FeCl2 and FeCl3
- Calculate the molar mass of Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and glucose (C6H12O6)…
- Which has more number of atoms - 100g of sodium or 100g of iron? Justify your answer.…
- Complete the following table.
- Fill the following table
Improve Your Learning
Question 1.Draw the diagram to show the experimental setup for the law of conservation of mass.
Answer:Step 1: Take a flask and take a mixture of sodium hydroxide solution and copper sulphate solution.
Step 2: Weight the flask and note it.
Step 3: Now mix the whole mixture thoroughly.
Step 4: Now, weight the flask.
![](data:image/jpeg;base64,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)
We will observe that after mixing there is no change in the mass. This explains the law of conservation of mass.
Question 2.Explain the process and precautions in verifying law of conservation of mass.
Answer:Law of conservation of mass states that “Matter is neither created nor destroys in a chemical reaction. More simply, the mass of products is equal to the mass of reactants in a chemical reaction.
Question 3.15.9g. of copper sulphate and 10.6g of sodium carbonate react together to give 14.2g of sodium sulphate and 12.3g of copper carbonate. Which law of chemical combination is obeyed? How?
Answer:Law of conservation of mass is obeyed.
Explanation:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Total mass of reactants = 15.9g + 10.6g = 26.5g
Total mass of products = 14.2g + 12.3g = 26.5g
As there is no change in the mass of reactants and products, hence law of conservation is obeyed.
Question 4.Carbon dioxide is added to 112g of calcium oxide. The product formed is 200g of calcium carbonate. Calculate the mass carbon dioxide used. Which law of chemical combination will govern your answer.
Answer:The reaction taking place is:
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJ8AAAAsCAIAAAD0J/1sAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAABT5JREFUeF7tWzFOLDEM/fxjIEQBnIECAQUFcATgBp8DQMMF4AB8iWo7KDgANDQgTgEIUXAN/vtYst46yawnM7NANlOg3YkT2+8lsbMxcx8fH7/qUygCvwv1q7r1H4HKbsnzoLJb2S0ZgZJ9q2t39tidG38eHh4UA3zmxrOzs+nAA0Wsd3d316k3r5dzcCMGq/LAGQpwnIj4uby8hMWnp6f68vn5eXl5Wb7iPVohI1/RhK87OztmEOfXP5+PRxgGQBFLoqOakRrh/v4evVhFOI5Hu0cmCgXU4X1z90EBH4NMzr5MLVsmDhhMoy89cEDGya5MqdSYgo4+bDzADWdP9KXT4AYxTPGGWY4mNpIpHxTwMdQEqdR0k9bQQ5juXIKmr5PdZj5glTIqixV/dV+Rz/xAWLei7qTyHtawlwAiRRVeqwFDAz6WVb29vUHx0tJSNOpIa9gE+ZeXF3mvgccfFydGOOCyubmZEtvb2zs6OpLW9fV1WPj4+IjP7+/v+Ds/P286Li4uyn7T6rm6umrIMETX6upqasybmxtF9eDgAAYIYj0CvrKyEmrvOWeGDzKdoQmIhPrwUjOIv5+Pfo3KezjghCuDOY8KzKHX19cuKSTQF083NjY8Gp0yCvj29nZo3hi7zfM61YppqBPz/PxczVpYWAhNBEy6H5qdGU1Rl7AcMcdT3mKTOD4+1jF1d5FVK6uKn9QOBC9M4mq+YiJCUXSJpHSJXhkZ6IuREj7k6RFwaFlbW7MohXlTmFXJG39WhXDiSaSdcRdiMNrESBgjcQ5NHPDArtrfb1YFjxoiK3SFLkNe7GT7hV0JwwJpR8Al64zmwha1UBR2tzoRYQRnkuVkVyhkgAQvwZrpNKeLHk9EGLn5ACa6mGCZlOCP6YTBkj9rktUdcJn3GCckOJIDm9BlpqRpNSNCOHWgChNUP7voK2Dpo8kw2yPpqDGAM0HPjtIlkTZZpw4lFMojn/lgkg04QFBno2Amz5EZTnJEMRM5Y7TaxYOATproMW9O9z0bkOv3n49Azyeinw9IUR5Udoui0zhT2a3sloxAyb7VtVvZLRmBkn2ra7eyWzICJftW125l9/Oylm/EvhAS3GJGSwNgYXg9901sFri44JBd4MtH48Lh4aG6oCUSLcD3/JgJGb4k4doRZ/dexPS3eHMZoKVV5rdWLgn6KpvZcbCiF018O8k3H1yfxQVlzcVlKXhzbhFSBVa9UDhxEPAUveoJC6b4zs7YzJc2AD0sv5poRoYA28Ne8Hv2wly4sZ1O+3Pi7mg0MvdxLfaKKYpysQeXZGAP13KOgSp1ol6yPVzQwu9R36Ob8+3tLYo3+BZISsb89rdjVyIE6my4wmaKfGWqQsADnZiU0v/k5MTM/cxxc7shdQBzIYagDfU9E7H129+OXQR5bGIT1ed6PUg/UItCNZiNiklVwGtiEK3pQUGt7BxGBNTu7+9jL0nVpLK80/527KJykzGaMi4Z6gAZqAVkxuyGMrwMLf4uWB4XFxchtaAc1OI9U4u4y3bCC62Lc9rfjl2EhC5Vn34UepEElNjEDGQYGeWJgFhUXF9f96LLM4gE1KenJyOM09Hd3V1I+dbWFla5CAvsMkdb2N8q9wurllp17yhsgqVmzuafTfRcFCLOBxJp1dq2jrZN7G7KkkQ7lmM0rdMcnrNXLsXSAq5m+2e98gZ5ovwvlyfaeRbolGWa7Z91drF7AyDkE1NmpS91zfbPIruSRSu+P65u0G//LLLb17r5/uO0y5m/vz/VQkagslvyfKjsVnZLRqBk3/4BNBsMHxqevP8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Let the mass of CO2 is xg.
According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of reactants is equal to the mass of products.
Therefore,
⇒ x + 112g = 220g
⇒ x = 220g – 112g
⇒ x = 108g
Thus, the mass of carbon dioxide is 108g.
Question 5.0.24g sample of compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to contain 0.144g of oxygen and 0.096g of boron. Calculate the percentage composition of the compound by weight.
Answer:Given: Mass of compound = 0.24g
Mass of oxygen = 0.144g
Mass of boron = 0.096g
To calculate the percent of the composition of oxygen, we apply the formula:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ % composition of oxygen = 0.6g × 100
⇒ % composition of oxygen = 60%
To calculate the percent of the composition of boron, we apply the formula:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ % composition of boron = 0.4g × 100
⇒ % composition of boron = 40%
Total percentage composition of compound is 60% + 40% = 100%
Question 6.In a class, a teacher asked to write the molecular formula of oxygen Shamita wrote the formula as O2 and Priyanka as O. which one is correct? State the reason.
Answer:Shamita wrote the correct formula of oxygen as O2 because:
i. A molecule of oxygen has two atoms.
ii. It is diatomic in nature (atomicity = 2)
iii. Thus, writing oxygen as O2 indicates two separate atoms of oxygen.
Note: Atomicity is the number of atoms constituting a molecule.
Question 7.Imagine what would happen if we do not have standard symbols for elements?
Answer:if we do not have standard symbols for elements, then it will take a lot of time to write the full name of the elements and compounds every time to describe a reaction.
Question 8.Mohith said "H2 differs from 2H". Justify.
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Question 9.Lakshmi gives a statement "CO and Co both represents element". Is it correct? State reason.
Answer:No, CO does not represent element whereas Co represents element because the first letter of the symbol is always the upper case and the second letter is always lower case.
In CO, the second letter is uppercase whereas in Co, the second letter is lowercase. Hence Co represents an element.
Question 10.The formula of the water molecule is H2O. What information you get from this formula.
Answer:To get the information, first, we will see the elements present in a molecule of the compound.
Second, we will count the number of atoms of each element of that molecule.
In H2O:
i. 2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen are present.
ii. There are total three atoms present in a molecule of water.
Question 11.How would you write 2 molecules of oxygen and 5 molecules of Nitrogen.
Answer:For oxygen:
⇒ First, write the symbol of oxygen – ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABcAAAAUCAIAAADp3DFZAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOwQAADsUB3P2u6QAAAL1JREFUOE/dVMkNAyEQC9TBC9ELdEoLFAO8qAPixAglaMVGRCtFmddgxp6DQ7TWxNNuu1ZrFVCRUsLbEyFX7pEn1u+rGGM4chj8067njnLOZGLqNCoCX2jNZ+ScQ3QI4ZVzCDKgny/vy8iMDe/9WNIBAnwCuST3rSOWrZSaiieyaOqCk9ZaI2cpZaqFCHcP7ZrpppSQzVo7ZgkfCPBPp8uyEQ1n3LoYI5BFO4/gv3vTvaPT97YI6H/dNxLk3gEjUs7E0IVBYQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
⇒ Now write 2 as a subscript after O – ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABgAAAAVCAIAAADTi7lxAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsEB6Fz6XgAAAPlJREFUOE/NVLERgzAMjD0GhQtYhlVgExZgBTwHMAZQUHgMk/fpojhKQkicAhXmkKVH+hdS27Zd/mEKIEqFM8W89wBReKSgaK2BoFMg4tzzA5VlGWi72fHGH1pD+jRNGAiyqqrgGcfxEBxCOa0oCkbZcYoYQghDRBdAaZpGBA3DgHLmeRb++JUQ7q0h2hgjusiyDB7nHE5rLXO3LIuI/EL+vu+pkK7r6rp+C4TW1nUV11QL1dW2Ld/meS4V+IFswZokm9ZALBzkhwd8M7XgEZ4PqrHecc1xDqh5ng8EvKhoR2Oaj/gbPBMEdL41Eio69CvtBoUNSWKl2xVAUYVx7IrVRwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
For nitrogen:
⇒ First, write the symbol of nitrogen – ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABYAAAAUCAIAAAAGHlpnAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsUBjDA/WgAAAK9JREFUOE/dk7ENwyAQRQOjwCY0MAYt1IgJaFjAbMAO9KwBo0BOUWS5sMHCTRT6//Tu/oF67+jzXqsPAQJj3FpbI0AWryWPqX9GCCGgIK31PnDOeVDZ+S445yGEWuudZZ8jGGNAOYoMWJeNbNuWUoIRpiKXCEKIUso5t46ApDHmjsjotEDEey+lHItMrtNaW0qJMa6sc8+ACBT8CAEilNIB4jc++9diWv5kkCd5yL4BDp0/EhgA2jcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
⇒ Now write 5 as a subscript after N – ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABkAAAAWCAIAAAC63aDhAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxgAADsQB2OOvEAAAAQRJREFUOE/llL0RhCAQhQ/KMNUabEFLsIW7AjQxNNEGTM20BXMja1BL0Xu4DqMIMw5Hdi9g+NtvlwWWbdv2ciQGDmOi/UXruhKHUc9anHMicGvE3fCPWMuyiFtgbBgGmYjPrucJveQriqKiKJ4bKzsvrDzP+77vus4Od2F5nleWJYgOWECkaTrP8z20qqoooVAQBFpnmvdlCg3z+LzQNE1PWQgNWxGIYpBlGcWFS9cnAWtwhXNhGS15btsWw/cumpHCku/75xkiQPo/lCQJDOq6vvsPw9B0M8b/2DTN2SaOYxqO42jKvSg6yim0QxxWopUNkuCyfgmW3cs8Wx111WG9d1kLvyDNwETlklArAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
Question 12.The formula of a metal oxide is MO. Then write the formula of its chloride.
Answer:The formula of its chloride is MOCl2
Question 13.Formula of calcium hydroxide is Ca (OH)2 and zinc phosphate is Zn3(PO4)2. Then write the formula to calcium phosphate.
Answer:Valency of Ca = 2
Valency of PO4 = 3
Now, apply the criss cross method
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
So the formula will be Ca3(PO4)2
Question 14.Find out the chemical names and formulae for the following common household substances.
a) common salt
b) baking soda
c) washing soda
d) vinegar
Answer:a) Common salt
Chemical name – sodium chloride
Chemical formula – NaCl
b) baking soda
Chemical name – sodium bicarbonate
Chemical formula – NaHCO3
c) washing soda
Chemical name – sodium carbonate
Chemical formula – Na2CO3
d) vinegar
Chemical name – acetic acid
Chemical formula – CH3COOH
Question 15.Calculate the mass of the following
0.5 mole of N2 gas.
Answer:0.5 mole of N2 gas
First, we apply the formula:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ Mass of N2 = No. of moles × Molar mas of N2
⇒ Mass of N2 = 0.5 mole × 2(atomic mass of nitrogen)
⇒ Mass of N2 = 0.5 × 2 × 14
⇒ Mass of N2 = 14g
Thus, the mass of N2 gas is 14g.
Question 16.Calculate the mass of the following
0.5 mole of N atoms.
Answer:0.5 mole of Natoms
First, we apply the formula:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ Mass of Natoms = No. of moles × Molar mass of N
⇒ Mass of Natoms = 0.5 mole × (atomic mass of nitrogen)
⇒ Mass of Natoms = 0.5 × 14
⇒ Mass of N2 = 7g
Thus, the mass of N atoms is 7g.
Question 17.Calculate the mass of the following
3.011 × 1023 number of N atoms.
Answer:3.011 X 1023 number of N atoms.
As we know that 1 mole = 6.022 X 1023atoms
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ 1/2 mole = 0.5 mole
For 0.5 mole of Natoms
First, we apply the formula:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ Mass of Natoms = No. of moles × Molar mass of N
⇒ Mass of Natoms = 0.5 mole × (atomic mass of nitrogen)
⇒ Mass of Natoms = 0.5 × 14
⇒ Mass of N atoms = 7g
Thus, mass of3.011 × 1023 number of N atoms is 7g
Question 18.Calculate the mass of the following
6.022 × 1023 number of N2 molecules.
Answer:6.022 X 1023 number of N2 molecules.
As we know that 1 mole = 6.022 X 1023atoms
For 1 mole of N2molecules:
First, we apply the formula:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ Mass of N2 = No. of moles × Molar mass of N2
⇒ Mass of N2 = 1 mole × 2(atomic mass of nitrogen)
⇒ Mass of N2 = 1mole × 28u
⇒ Mass of N2 = 28g
Thus, mass of6.022 × 1023 number of N2 molecules is 28g.
Question 19.Calculate the number of particles in each of the following
46g of Na
Answer:The number of particles present in one mole of any substance is has a fixed value of 6.022 × 1023. This number is called Avogadro constant(NA).
Mass of Na = 46g
Molar mass of Na = 23u
Apply the formula given below:
Number of particles = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ Number of particles = 2 × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of particles = 12.046 × 1023
Thus, 46g of Na contains 12.046 × 1023 particles.
Question 20.Calculate the number of particles in each of the following
8g of O2
Answer:The number of particles present in one mole of any substance is has a fixed value of 6.022 × 1023. This number is called Avogadro constant(NA).
Mass of O2 = 8g
Molar mass of O2 = 32u
Apply the formula given below:
Number of particles = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ Number of particles = 0.25 × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of particles = 1.5 × 1023
Thus, 8g of O2 contains 1.5 × 1023 particles.
Question 21.Calculate the number of particles in each of the following
0.1 mole of hydrogen
Answer:The number of particles present in one mole of any substance is has a fixed value of 6.022 × 1023. This number is called Avogadro constant(NA).
Number of mole of hydrogen = 0.1 mole
Molar mass of H2 = 2u
Apply the formula given below:
Number of particles = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of particles = 0.1 mole × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of particles = 6.022 × 1024
Thus, 0.1 mole of hydrogen contains 6.022 × 1024particles.
Question 22.Convert into mole
12g of O2 gas.
Answer:Mass of O2 gas = 12g
Molar mass of O2 = 32u
Apply the formula:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAJMAAAAiCAMAAABsrRv3AAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAJxQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGaQAGa2OgAAOgA6OjoAOjo6OjpmOjqQOmZmOmaQOma2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZgBmZjoAZmY6ZpC2ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkDo6kGYAkGY6kLbbkNvbkNv/tmYAtmY6tpA6ttvbttv/tv//25A625Bm27Zm27aQ29u22////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///bDEpXagAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAACfUlEQVRYR+1Xf3PSQBC9i6IJlVpEUSC1lVBrQiUJ9/2/m+/t5hftNK3XzIBO94/ADnt7796+2yzGvNorA34MuE3Ihb/n1k79Mgy+Kvs4J6b952uzDdaDp/dMmApPsGIMTNvIWuuZabhlDab0E/iaLUweDJfcM1ONaUs5CaaxZ6bhllWYUlV4/sEGi2cnd1fWgt3HLbU+InXJ+x2xAFK+Mvsvv7jBfia5XGztqmdHF4eGFe+x3ANTCknjqAABWwkKCz3Bl+s464Nkiqj3Z+HdA9O9IxbnIC1jb/hKhlzcu2ney6Jq4eWY0tGtcRti+hG/21WYCvTT89sWfe3n7BsCOsdnFqHpygPWLFFMcEWl5SWqMKVW/sLcBttcENM6R0mFpyJamjJ+I0KT/Rq/5amIJmuT2sm1SQmiE1K7d6izwzndd5zVy4DJJMFaMCVUVkc6rd/FJOChdwnshBBTIpSHkCcDKA+1hCIWe06FiamIQmKSRNWTiTr+A0wC7GAJa6crCGxjJz+f5KgBevBFamdQi2WDicdU0x3E78ekIYJJsrP62zM7akTwJLrDAMHk4tF8OJ6qDe6i+nA+tdPrJMLs6qnjP8ZTNwQ8NRyLlFhDL6uaZcKrzgtYEth+Jkds/E7tBF2lcZT2Xkhul8ZlC72OMht5GBXAxqO3jfMLm0qFqfFBY9U0C0Ss2ke7BCG8Umhbwbcd2hPiLjxp8jjGf74kO9Ouf0LzuLvUOfzE5nGdwynoMd5xIe6M58UYUFHl1VKzcTrji0peVke1xL5VTDKPnwYmYzhFgCWZe04Bk77/2ax1HkfjL7VbH9HYYdEL6nkcvXh6c/z/nEck5F/f+g8WSEsqrwoyEgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
⇒ No. of moles = 0.37
Thus, the 12g of O2 gas is 0.37 mole
Question 23.Convert into mole
20g of water.
Answer:Mass of water(H2O) = 20g
Molar mass of H2O = 18u
Apply the formula:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ No. of moles = 1.11
Thus, the 20g of water is 1.11 mole
Question 24.Convert into mole
22g of carbon dioxide.
Answer:Mass of CO2 gas = 22g
Molar mass of CO2 = 44u
Apply the formula:
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ No. of moles = 0.5
Thus, the 22g of CO2 gas is 0.5 mole
Question 25.Write the valencies of Fe in FeCl2 and FeCl3
Answer:In FeCl2, the valency of Fe is + 2
In FeCl3, the valency of Fe is + 3
Question 26.Calculate the molar mass of Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and glucose (C6H12O6)
Answer:Molar mass of sulphuric acid (H2SO4):
⇒ 2(atomic mass of hydrogen) + (atomic mass of Sulphur) + 4(atomic mass of oxygen)
⇒ 2 × 1 + 32 + 4 × 16
⇒ 2 + 32 + 64
⇒ 98 u
Thus, the molar mass of H2SO4 is 98 u.
Molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6):
⇒ 6(atomic mass of carbon) + 12(atomic mass of hydrogen) + 6(atomic mass of oxygen)
⇒ 6 × 12 + 12 × 1 + 6 × 16
⇒ 72 + 12 + 96
⇒ 108 u
Thus, the molar mass of C6H12O6 is 108 u.
Question 27.Which has more number of atoms - 100g of sodium or 100g of iron? Justify your answer. (atomic mass of sodium = 23u, atomic mass of iron = 56u)
Answer:For sodium
Given: Mass of sodium = 100g
Molar mass of sodium = 23u
Number of atoms = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAToAAAAiCAMAAAD4buUsAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAALpQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGaQAGa2OgAAOgA6OjoAOjo6OjpmOjqQOmZmOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZgBmZjoAZjo6ZjpmZmY6ZmaQZpC2ZpDbZrbbZrb/kDoAkDo6kGYAkGY6kLaQkLbbkNvbkNv/tmYAtmY6tmZmtpA6ttvbttv/tv/btv//25A625Bm27Zm27aQ29uQ29u229v/2/+22////7Zm/9uQ/9u2//+2///b9BLWRgAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAAEvUlEQVRoQ+1ZC1fTMBROhuAqogyHQ9QxRLRT0Y6Jrmvz//+W3703r5aOUxxweDTn2IQs9yb3u89EpbrWIdAh0CFwwwiYaZ84mhPd++i7G97jcbKbvR4xdFl/sXzx1XWPU9Yblyoj6MrhkTKTN7ZT6jzRWm/8uvHNHhdDgW7/q1Jp33ZA8qPKe5jq2lUIrIQO/ntX7WKk9QCbzbY54j6U1uiw+cu7lKHcP1XnMHJzLH2rlrUOKEiB+k0rntdbZNLnC1CkW5wmbFe+vfMwR7tTo74cagLQTLQ+Wi1N1jIWm0lfZbcAXYZ0QCopR7o39h0d+gqzM9Nki/CmRip9dUaDObxuk+QPoxVyzw8EJk+LsRWuOMEpCDuXvNaHbpnU8Xdqup6RtVu9fAVkZh6eGlGeDP64KTPZWhQT0n+qx6oYVkeNuxUj62qBFimdQh0xecbQ7R+SvZnJFUan2lpdfsl0bzMDZptnytbK5Tvx3cL2SuUJSWcbn4IPl5KdZNURoVCnX+6eWaEDrcoEObQ52Ui5/wUqYehy8t1lAr453HeWIJ3wB3tt/JQ6Hl4On8FAVthgiTl2h5zqLFaBOd/mbDQlT4OO/Yoa4+IYLjdwbtXO2PwqQ9x3mdhMNgm7cuiEK4dcQ9uWkpmFqaBhN7pEz0KzOgJtDub5EZdI7F4Y5AgjbHWZV84y2UHRrndOZS7r7Z6JrpZQJkOOFeO5BE2aE3cIJ+kvTMrcGN2wosqYnMF8WuVy10GSOEXg+JMwD/4Rv7qNGA1uflSn99AFWoQ2sQzYE5sRYQghGbpgm4zqMkFk5hHjx1pDcsNJMOAf7f6kYF5XcViZYejYTSzPmHE5pB0oZDlWdDpubbO/o4SIF6O+55RufKYqTP4W8eXrDlIb0a8xfQ06TxurU8yv3wwdi0nQsZoAG8vK+IWMIHP8XQFdtCLGD4yneudHfJrmscezaRCw08F8kXz3FnAPUW8VOlzlLE0Y8aKInhaI0DXY69DBF8eNVtcAHZ+eopdPpgIMm6KHzswPEPec1UUratApxESOUuu3iujWSkjHXnwb6/igFtE4Hl4JXTV0Wnq+ECJKjpocdoXVVa2+wepwPGuX7LCrrQ6c5kkkQLqew4Y6TpzTVQY21LO1pd6rw0jgvRhVom41TTRUqwwdJ8yGWOehcwAElQWrEw1XYh0DFmJdtKJqdRzmrGmsZ3cuzLtgJ/HfseYMJy6R0WFzAiKMnGHCtqJkb6GLaGtHpBcc2kTS52BRHPhtbJrANplGxvwu+XeszIyrE6ajRhm6YPzcJFEWhy7VfOMcHq3wjDnzylPces06aPArhO+FOscZeYqSq9UfFQUmpezkR96l4xRtc2NMewk5qcTEiKa69+E3CjsUd/FHZXu4yPD1hTPzB/LG6LJK72aUzGC7FlBUXIO/Q/oDLPF1K2qMi2NQSmW2Xive2+Rpe64/9eapq+ZwN5B9bEQAdGGE6Uv05oRq1GdUg3ja9Y7YUT88BB7oW9k9APq/3sruwbnvyRGit7Icrz30r2vtEIjfyuhmx7e7rrVAoPJW1kHXAjG3pPpW1kHXHrraWxmuCUXlRa49p6e2sv5WhtJ68P1W/gPpqSHbydsh8DQQ+Ad3LcXbmKVd0gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
⇒ Number of atoms = 4.34 × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of atomss = 2.613 × 1024
⇒Thus, 100g of sodium contains 2.613 × 1024 atoms.
For iron
Given: Mass of iron = 100g
Molar mass of iron = 55.8u
Number of atoms = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAdIAAAAgCAMAAACRkwmiAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAANVQTFRFAAAAAAAAAAA6AABmADo6ADpmADqQAGaQAGa2OgAAOgA6OjoAOjo6OjpmOjqQOmZmOmaQOma2OpC2OpDbZgAAZgA6ZgBmZjoAZjo6ZjpmZjqQZmY6ZmaQZpC2ZpDbZra2ZrbbZrb/kDoAkDo6kDpmkGYAkGY6kJxmkJBmkLaQkLbbkLb/kNvbkNv/tmYAtmY6tmZmtpA6tpBmttvbttv/tv+2tv/btv//25A625Bm27Zm27aQ29uQ29u229v/2/+22////7Zm/7aQ/9uQ/9u2//+2///bRnMdNwAAAAF0Uk5TAEDm2GYAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAAZdEVYdFNvZnR3YXJlAE1pY3Jvc29mdCBPZmZpY2V/7TVxAAAGlElEQVRoQ+1aDVvbNhCWQqEJlI40YaHr2iVhYxsbTtuxYZKx2ovt//+Tdu+dvuyYBh5ISJj1PDiyrDud7tV9SEippjQaaDTQaKDRQKOBTdNAqvc+d1rnn3TrN6WyM617Sl13tP5gnpsmbyPPcg3ErQsV4a+t8v5QTfaS+f5IxT15LqdvemycBuK9RPFfm0VL95Ji3HqfKHk+ebkZaN0lKa4PdOvDk0uzHQKEkE5faU3oqptBa2SfTzuL/PhcTcmHFKfyu3El1jtXdxOqkKi2hmIhnbxMUtJZvHvFhtqT5xoEWDrEfF+gxO9YswpTKKegl0cQMNW0fOtK3tdYRBjmlh6giu8IaTFurymQzTu6nZJq8JeP9e5n3f6XsqPdK3ku1XelQzHpwMy5YFm+vkRlRt5zF7j42i2MZycCn6OF0gS37GwI/bIGY40wkfclWDysMKR22ZRYEaYyzFcQvTOk806VS+2YD5vLCqjTTvcfy7YY7yUZIxDpocr65Vrt4NnAuDFPq9QUoRRMXhCkCtkcueEDcHtEncBBLZT8+B3gLsaPAemiM6gdcwWg3INl/laMODO/5A870LopLDFPhJJpGFaphtVfpZ8fXRo35mlVLIhSmWGdi029/sTM2SHMB0HiRC+a8oBiesBZFfmeEW3JhAU8KEmCIcg37U35W+tnuNWJpoL2kJfKj3+nZcmQpvDBRIWaYWn4xjt/nRkBDLX0MGsEAsFVpeT0xH9b2YIxpUeFcXZKU+lihusrxZgdc963Si87wgiG5Jv8KrW1BXoAL5HJ06YAZkTahUZJJcwwbnM9gkee0zJisFHwkvVHFLeSAjszajik/MDEQtg+gMXKoBp9G872L5iVWEyJF411fIGgzVbK3kHWk7A8PJe2uHV0KSM4asPYCcSuys/ayubHFGdWZgxhi59cFFsTrKyiAMeSb+GP9NUKxShxcbUqvYPU01I4k9VNNiGbmIgYRiOMCpjlHamHsA5UwFCZh8migEH+doBFQS3zDjcHkJZ4MaTYsjOk3m94llxjXFkJjtowZoEgmIwQ5ljhmK5HmXHeh4ivSYdWbdAEl1Vm/qT6m0HbjRrt/IpdpLwLLPK006rU8DWkr0DqaN2sUCEV5t9eQX/sd3nmFkp5McVD6prRlPYoxy9O2YLZtr16S7zoi7iGdj2kdr2IXyFxPLXPhKSNn7dAGvQI1yBxn+jDP0ozr31xOD+0YrmTF/N2QS9vEnKCotYypH4/VNoZlegZMFZQZTmU5kITTyUist8VMzZZlcOumJ1Q7LJa981kzZMLMrg5YkUNpAEvAyn51GGtldZAaqmrkLITcZA62djwRTbuUYFUUT5w/y3H8kWwpEcFUobXOD/rPNklOs8Y1KQ9WBJVSOv3KNQqXvMH9rslw7QviKWBhnyfeOfP78icRjHs8xYr9VNmz04Rf1DneG+xUmf3zKbGSr1sAaTiZYNIIbnBrBPs0qL1OV6/DxUna/feJsVhm42cd/Y1scabQSkDKKdHtQcJUesVr+5vOM74xRK8sLJqHC9FxF+IZ/TyR/iCBUhLvKyVciZaE0sdpNbWPLW3UlnXpVjqZeNa0KMMKYfRMDd4sP3dhYFNb6BaBs6GFX7jLFDcDU6oKIiVaoIop1eW3q+HgHZBEPrfEQgic3KU0qa3uDbHv+QlVfGRktieyt75PY+JBVgInKTyCYJ1hSaN7amPlN8KL4OOOWOIxIN3k+zETYkzIH4Qs6SQPZWVJAibyJgzxtU2etlQw5ilHo4xJ+/I5NZZTPri/SOlEoma0rS5CcmuWYM40SsQ+vhwgGsW0coZEOePIe3ihEw+aXpKLuz+wUAvu+dILXT3S1+PaCepKTv2B4e87MWK8I1xYSucYDtreQmkoPMOmjq8/5s2ptzfP1T8hg7J+GjMUhvGIvmUuncZUXusaGWzY9oeFcbZKVEeBat9HdBm38uAc/PLu37WqKBMZ0Eik4kCcHkSD8wJX5W+OMN+/AUsztGuYyILY3z9CPBJRLrPoMYL3Yfk2fedDLd7irwbbspz0oD53/dzmtL/aC7li0Ym1AFSuXTEnyU7ay4kbcuyCC4aYcubyRm4vXSEwzY5VWwuJG0LonLJCH9t2U9gZ+8vHcn+EWXDLyRtjb7XIOgCpAKvMpeOaiHdvAtJa1DU9gwRXDTCqU2GLbW/dLRopZt7IWl7dL5aScOLRnwu0E1wrGEvHeEzC/DIF5JWO6mGe6OBRgONBhoNrFAD/wHpeUMcji0pewAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==)
⇒ ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
⇒ Number of atoms = 1.79× 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of atoms = 1.07× 1024
⇒Thus, 100g of iron contains 1.07× 1024atoms.
Therefore, 100g of sodium has more number of atoms.
Question 28.Complete the following table.
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAjMAAADbCAIAAAAXuIdTAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAAlwSFlzAAAOxAAADsQBlSsOGwAAOudJREFUeF7tXU3IVdfV/vKNC1IcVUREbSGEEEiCAVFLpPUnOMjAUDUTIWLQgINWlETTDJQGxdZRtLEpSCCvDhx0kPo3cKDi4IW0cSBOVF6M2ImO7Dzf8+WBlZW9z88+5+xz77n3PmdwOffcvddez7PW3mvtffb77he+//77/9ElBsSAGBADYmAwDPzvYDSRImJADIgBMSAG/p8BRSb5gRgQA2JADAyLAUWmYdlD2ogBMSAGxMAL9p7phRdeEB1iQAyIATEgBkbPQLDj4SeRaTZ3QyAkTx/wqQSV0lumFfi04vI2nQWMZT48y9jBSQxfq3kpw53KiAExIAbEwOgYUGQaHddqSQyIATEgBlIYUGRKYUllxIAYEANiYHQMKDKNjmu1JAbEgBgQAykMKDKlsKQyYkAMiAExMDoG+opMt27dwnYLXLgZHZpRtXThwgVAW7VqVdzg5s2b8dOJEyca6YLypCuo9fDhwwHSSJVAQiOMZYX37dtXSKa5EEjI0lC1EIJqargRKNZHE3DdWgtWOHkfKvUtc8rggC7rIP1Rl+InPbXeIDJRS1yjGSl6AtxUrJmf2OPg0VTg2MsH3sYeOwW4aomNHbjMnxks8VkrsyyTGHEfYT5kV2HO1BRLi/Lt0rLEhiaiJ/aRR5rfmn1H7F2JBsobLFMjE7h48OABVbx48WKtrmvXrsUfCeHCTW3hwRZABr1u3bqVK1cSC//sqQ+3OHjwoMkfLBs9KXb69Glgv3//fk/yY7EnT56MH5J/GGJkauRqCAPW1atXz58/Twg3b97MJXk4ckbWE4cDOdCE9sUnnmNEGqyeuRRLjUw+Gp09e9aat+zSsjYu39kylI3jPqezJT5LsuJ81ha4EtOQL7744t///ncuXijn0KFD+Dx37pyJhXOsWLHCvpqSZatA5IeX5eC2sMDq+AyWGmweE7ugz45zracF1jQsVA8tooDPWD3JgQVpbq8kpZk/UGeThq++FfxklCInCKyZC/uZM2fiRWabSkIBFEDT+KR1vLa0Y5C/2xzF7IUbm4Z6H8i+WmhAtm/fTrqQCzLMe2Lj/mjcklXPbZB7xU4eZPHUATARINlrIDAwNJ50mcmV9UTrKexi9FVccRcLnJyWtYcekXWr2sHNujblGEC4Ln4ijX4cazELD7qAWdk7sJHg5ReOPDSTH4qhpDmz+UCsZ4C0kHaIsj7rzd2y2/rZgN3HN+xyjNi4kJexzN69e+2JxXM8twkWbuw/LPCeoihh06ZNrI6fjh8/jhs8wXN/X6GV/+nJkyeg4F//+ldi+VrglnvGAo0H6BkgJSI8N3J4T0SgyxIf8zn85Knz7Zpw0uWp8/exhhBexoOZkgUMi6XbNkckFjRdaE0mcWZBsyOf8Fe6BxkwIVaLoLytC3mI3aYCewpwczPT2bj1atNYRovZy557AvkwIMqQeq5sctPIUctw+RkS+45dnthAMe8DtFfc7yqc3LdCWvjEO7+5FiVTWqBhwEAtxmrGiJfOZspTPeti9MxCNvyI5N2AXcB7pleD/BsuNhcMj/FoEANJ8VvWsibM9PQ937Tvd37k4fPAgU0O1fZyLNPC88K6eO5pj8fMxCErhp80Z0JQpS0Rsel8c3Nz1lEJFZna0qVLcW9WtwLMQaAiZxsbN24MJAAbflq2bBmeM91bWFjAJ1Kw9A0Uv/jFL/70pz/99re/zTWTePz4MdX2SP09fsLij02hEBqDkky916xZY598wssCQLCCRG4t5Ft5WgG1uEAa01imZ+HzHTt2MA/CjRWAZMhHK2gLGRD4Z3OcMcP0fr7oxbLv0a2ZOK9evRqf69evxycn2ajL7o3UEmVQJV7p5fR0z549gc4ZscNLwS0UaOEnxIjlR6hnmSYJvHbtWswzOcRzprobNmzAp5+CNzJZYWFwyKGBzNOmLaBRt23btpkFKbPMyW2SwWKF/ZRId+3ahU/6AzRssRhe3RMtf+e86vr160ZU3MXwBLaAK3Icm5+ft8GN3hjbqHBwszkoZwm0cnyxv5NV3xda293GUt936JAcqchV2chD8vFroRUokyPP7du3TUl22+XLl+PTKlbQbhW7dNukyOTHSvpZYT8so/vRo0f4yaa6AcLCWuCaRHNebFNjPPn666/9bNTfv/rqq8+ePcNI8ec//7m17a1iWaBNlGwmXLJkCarw05u2TA4rkiV/0ecQNgjZB7lElXwxy9yD7JJRAX7JaHTs2DF8MlEoC0terIVnFg44xKAAv2d8LXyjw7yEOUp/2NmTjxw50oI3VuFrD9zE6XkhGzQZh87sl72ktGzGZxvtmquIHxyUYUS6UIV8WpM5UJdXIxU9EetOkM8IZBE6HTKGpiDs+fy4TA4GZcIBCRVv9YxDLu12NAppJNjql7IVI8+VK1cIiirhKsPILl92JdLeZchKikx+2Z38Mq1O9IBCY9cOc2DfLxHYi66tW7eWTeqxlPerX/0KHeYPf/hDom4VxSwrSUfqpZXNpWqBlxVg/+RoaBcH2YwX8zvMcph7MtmPw2RZi4UB2EYldGn4EqdlhWvuZa8ismP3y7At2CM5tUOhscEFSV42OrRot7oKnMFWLFpMTSA8SCwKm8M8g0ObvfMo04rWtPk04df6fyytoicyRWb+1OiyHKgw7FW/Ertx4wbaQh5QjcV+tcU9wG+908dSyVoJ1SOP+SF7ZTy9LsuMPb2JtHfptvWRyVQ3SIULehVuQQ9GnyFmru3s3Lkz0ZM4U47z6KD6f/7zn48++gja1naYxHZt6OE0kRdcNr3P+3kxI2u8RhcrUzbr51IbytubW24fSIeTUpILHTAWaDdtuSCZMkvz6ySowtk252HgzTI+NAFpca8oW+/Kjr16D17ttJ6dn3kllwR4BYOCsWG7AZHldH8N7u0IDu21P577ddeU9D9wibKVZF/MD+VBX/C0oAo7jp8ptt4EwSQg7okUSBNUp/kegn89Ya7FBNSvQJb1F+8enBbY5ZfU8JA9yAIn6PLGKpPf/XntyGN7rS14sFFbf2aGWnaV0R4kpp26rcUbKFE4F2Ec8i/NbP0H45d/LVb46t6yRQ/Skgj/ytS/Ywzeq6e8NP7b3/7WYvsDlyPKJmF4Hs/WbQHHVrEJzb9BtTzRhyLjMH6bGjyJA1jAmJEZJKS11kSBih0QrO7tawLj+YF/qx+o4c3Hn4xG1vJfg90ugemB1Fwo+KkQe4U1g30TAcyAFs9w4V6YYDAyZ/BEkb3AmsH75wrf8z+V4QoWY1HM01JGpgcblLGX+YFPeic3RDYbpn/6d8yBoY2uCrwteqJvkcr4DRdmFO/VpomfyPrFRhttygY360QQZRWDvmN+G3Scsj0gtX4bj4GBWwYOXDjyBGuqtFo8xNlo42UWbqgxBgyX9w1y0q7b6nymgqNBKpKFSfkJK8gMui0uzMOQ58Kf+lt3aqFVYpUuwBObGEux/nAhi+eGlLH/LVd/GMdiskaNjhE7Jov20rSRzhkLx/DrV/MyNi9RE8EAl1/8yslEqC0lxYAYmBoGNGfSnGlqnPn/gYwx9+yVx2nF5UmbBYxlTjLL2Au7reZMvY4nEi4GxIAYEAONGVBkakyZKogBMSAGxECvDCgy9UqvhIsBMSAGxEBjBhSZGlOmCmJADIgBMdArA4pMvdIr4WJADIgBMdCYAUWmxpSpghgQA2JADPTKgCJTr/RKuBgQA2JADDRmoFlk+u9///v3v/+9cSOqIAbEgBgQA2IgmYFmkSlZbJuC/K/s2f9FaRtVVEcMiAExIAbGx0DOyBQcQV1x+AfwWuHxYVfLYkAMiAExMEQGskUmnqXm/7kv4KYfGIHC/Me0Y/+3kkO0knQSA2JADMwSA9kiE/8NqD9JGmEG57XYobxcrOPxJIhY/O+2uPCQp33w/GY7swclWcUv8SH+UQgOueFPVt7OP+bzvKfgzJJLCKsYEANiYMwM5IlMduqrP52eyHCOnz/jB/9vH9EFEcsfLhKf0sj/zM8jSXDgB8Kef/+En3C8HiXwjF2EJTv/mM1lP+x1zIZS82JADIiBmWEgT2TiwY7BsVTGoU2bOK/iSdUVl52ruHr1ahSLz3jF0UEIeP78RDsl2g4PnRkLCqgYEANiYNoYSI1MX3zxhT8bG19xGRn+AOaAIayq8YxtzGPic1EL6bQww8ObK4RbdczVKBxneGuP37Q5qfCIATEwYwykRqZf//rXf/nLX37/+98jbPzmN79BlMKsxQcG3tuynv107do13B87diyd2OAweVYsm5CZWGyd8Acenz17Nr1FlRQDYkAMiIHhMJAamX75y19iFQ7rbH/84x+h/T/+8Y+f/exnHganLP4gVOxoQHnubnj06BE+FxYWrEph+OGvmCrx6Pj5+Xl8zs3N4XPPnj2JrN24cQMl2a4uMSAGxIAYmDwGbHsCVLf7shtMmH73u9/hs7CAbWowFlDswYMH9pXzHkQdVsfWBv7EtT7+yl0PuBiceCHs8SHjHyWYZNyglqfemqhFhAIpwFPkDKrMVIJKYXhagU8rLm/TWcBY5sOzjL1wENZp69N5PvfMHt48rcCnFZdPKGcBY9ncZZaxg5MYfupq3uRNBqWxGBADYkAMTCYDikyTaTdpLQbEgBiYXgYUmabXtkImBsSAGJhMBhSZJtNu0loMiAExML0MKDJNr22FTAyIATEwmQwoMk2m3aS1GBADYmB6GVBkml7bCpkYEANiYDIZUGSaTLtJazEgBsTA9DLwk7+0nV6YQiYGxIAYEAPDZYD/CcIu/Q8I/Q+I4TprC82m9W/ppxXXTwajF34cjlqYfqKrzIJ9Kwyk/wEx0d4r5cWAGBADM8GA3jPNhJkFUgyIATEwQQwoMk2QsaSqGBADYmAmGFBkmgkzC6QYEANiYIIYUGSaIGNJVTEgBsTATDDQb2TCoezYdAEi7WYmSI1AnjhxYvPmzbOJXajFgBgQA00ZSI1MOLwcMYbX7BxkTtS3bt0irYivKdg9V/v27Wtqkr7LtwNl1sfNw4cPqSSY8V/xBMIRhvuG0E5+U+CwHdAZHKAOwBZy0k63LrWa4kJbhGaXGZQWtOfm+V3Uy1K3Bca43bKO6dkYoPd2xB7Y2tOCdNlsjcEti6VyCUmKTKBmz549dk7wxo0bm7rs9u3bgz+kygWgbzk4uP3YsWOJrXDw8lzhie/2iXL6LtYClB14j4PtV65cOUBQKaQ1Ag6BKH/o0KFYMg09HE4a4cJQBf2tO8OgFy9eJEaAQu/mTzdv3ly3bl3Tnp5ihXZlGmEMmqjomBidr127ZmzA3AMMTl2w040JcO/evZZb84bPHzx4sGPHjmEFJzOJaRmcVA+l8RM+C0+wB2Y6ATBbAfRY7xn0cpOPKlYYJTHMWQE8N2kmxPp/oQLdH5YBh2ToxoEY+uMr783GhhHP7aE5gVcMEAqfd1e+TEJeUN649G8+oVm9b4Cfvu1VTVp24EBKRL4jGAOmTPwkr3Ez4qJXx+rFXjpiv82IMUAH6xR2QD8usUr8JK8dR9BhK7CbD/uhjOXjJ6MBzlZi09fPmVasWAFXLlyVQnJx//59ikbewVwDSRbyDo5WQNsoP1q+fDmd48yZMwsLC7yHtPFm6JgzxdMmqooLvRfpBmGChF27djWCPK7CjUCtX7/e64mvQDouzTu2mw6cDR04cCCeNgF+GSeXLl3CCgEy8cOHD3dUtVH1dFyYFZnH+iauX7++YcMG/2TNmjVXr161J8ipx5tWp2PEeAUT4Lpz505Fx7x9+7bl1oS5du1aDmL4DIQ0Mkf2wq2xF2py48YNuIH/afXq1Ri0baQFbyN24EDP+siECgg/cFBbkbTZ7tmzZ23Ixg2+ovDc3BwyFMSzFrbZtm0bai1ZsoQjgt23EJWxCgYaMBAsaxw8eJBNUOfxxs4WYNNBMc/y19KlS/1DJC7mG3HhFrr1WiUdONWAJ8OfgxWeCk7eeOMNDN9Xrlz55ptvegUSCE/Hdfr0aQzHZjLbmwMnD2SyJ9K34f/nzp179OjRKEG1xnj06FGYYP/+/T6yxpoj/Y0fwp8fP36M5xRy5MiRaiGjISTdvhVqI9bC9HDpeLziiP3kyRN8Pnv27NNPPx2xAwc0JkUm1LGZHScxTJ3QPzFImUR2V2DGfKK7tcgRL3/fXXILCXHCwpf/uODHLQQOoUoiqBgg+q1/GKzmDQFatQ6JwE1IPG2q4GTx4sXoAsg3g/nHCGhJx4UB13o0hl2uiMS7e9jvMGYhg758+TLG6BGgyGI7WAFyvvvuu2XLllUILBypbFiDEAx0SLWDedW4SEi0b6y2zSugOUxPmwYoGKuQiyAsffzxx5999tm4YLLd1MhkWmK2CzsxdbLkgr+yuwJzYSZiEtpNp8ZLExMWTIGpBqyIl8NcrPfpMybIyCvHq2p66+mgDDiF42vKHsV0TUZcMhG491hMm06ePGlPYOgKThYtWrRlyxYsjqGTjxJaU1zUDcvRHJUQSqGzVxiLXezUu3fvBqK7d++ia493eSAdI5ZVEVBRHvqXdcxguRIluTTCySKuF1988ZVXXhnCnAnKpGMP1LZ3bAxLuOIF+fn5eTzH4IywhF/v3bsH7+Va6Fiu+sgEU/m/xcFX2AkWhbrYhGZpFG7wlZjxlohggt7Lh8hTzLm5ADgRFxIWw0WFsTKLT1qUF5JrkONXfkDdeHtyNbeJoADcQCGLxFesCE2E1cqUTAHu68Ky3vr8WsYJklYkcK+99hq694hZSsHFPzG0C0sgnN5hgdrmT/jKF8bMtE6dOjViIBXNpWCEl3799dfmpWUdk3m2T7OQcSJUW/aMsITl+iBgj5GKFOxQr1ZtBmwb2DFG4dUjtwW8//77fiVsbGBtUg8NyjZjBJNZv3pTuDfPHvIm3vFiaJGK+r15lMxZCLfD+fue9opUAA92MeFrvDePGD0n3pbc1jXiPU6Fe12Mve6gDOwk7s3zPFRbM9hux42jZYa25+jerJh3N2ZGLw22zgb79PxCJfugX8nvdeNlLozffvstRIF/XB999JEf4qxveiC2JRi/+ueojq+vv/76P//5z54Gn5Tht2mHDdSucEU/sMfbNfM6cDWBsel1PpPOZxpbVtRHw5gQMDCP98JKCF915LoGgisXnEI5A8SY3Y5lBObFPjK1c/lDDF+RSZEpl3cNQk7eHj4ISD8oMa24PMOzgHE0kWk4fpuoSWz6+vdMiaJVTAyIATEgBsRAFgYUmbLQKCFiQAyIATGQjQFFpmxUSpAYEANiQAxkYUCRKQuNEiIGxIAYEAPZGFBkykalBIkBMSAGxEAWBhSZstAoIWJADIgBMZCNAUWmbFRKkBgQA2JADGRhQJEpC40SIgbEgBgQA9kYUGTKRqUEiQExIAbEQBYGFJmy0CghYkAMiAExkI0BRaZsVEqQGBADYkAMZGFAkSkLjRIiBsSAGBAD2RhQZMpGpQSJATEgBsRAFgYUmbLQKCFiQAyIATGQjQFFpmxUSpAYEANiQAxkYUCRKQuNEiIGxIAYEAPZGFBkykalBIkBMSAGxEAWBn5ypm0WiRIiBsSAGBADYqARA99//70vr9PWp/Mc65k9uHpagU8rrp8MRi/8OBw1GtSmoPAs2LfCTDptfQp8WBDEgBgQA1POgN4zTbmBBU8MiAExMHEMKDJNnMmksBgQA2JgyhlQZJpyAwueGBADYmDiGFBkmjiTSWExIAbEwJQzMEmR6cSJE6tWrZpQgzx8+BD7T/A5ofpDbfDfEUJ3CWNhL7vaFy5cAJO3bt0aCxw1OpsMZHRjjmYQ2COT2EXOC23YfXCzcuXK4FcqVFa+p+fHjx+HJtmF9wEcqnqbQecHDx7gCT6z618oMDso6u/b4hO77Kfz58/H3oKHLICbTZs29UdC38ChPJowODdv3vQtlnES40XFRs6cHRc1twsea0p67927d29/xgokZ8cI+XFPZKMefiND9MRGH9jj3mpP6Ma8Avgc7XmBpQq8GQe0GH7qnAnqWoTEjdfe+3ev9wcPHrx//36vTcTCWwDfvHnz2bNn/Ujdb3LRnJEWoE6ePOk7OfJ9CLEBGj8hh0pRZPv27TDiuKYL3YEDI3r1kSNHYrCNOFm7di0WADB5SiGttkxTXFB13bp1Pk+Cx7KVffv2HTp0yLz32rVreFKrwAgKNMUIlcp6ImgHfBt2N27cOPDFmBbYA4sE/Re/Ws4B7CCK5dGLwYYFb7BU0VXR6yG2L9ObC8ZRy37iGGQFgq9+wCrLvBiWmadYeZ+O2UMfwA0zH0IH+xU31hbkMA2nkvjKiihg9zaGxilAa+AQ5VMPwiHGeG40qDlThTULQeFhAArAva1Zi0+q50xMY/vLxPNasww4wNKj/JypgpPCxLPR9DEvLpigcOYae+ko/TYvxrKeCFv4pIqmiZ/0NDcqE5sXe+Eo5wclWN/6oPlw7BVlfkL58TpKa9Ji+KlzJg70yP2RbuzZsyeIk1QIPQ3ZFl+loJhlXsGEemFhgajOnDkTF0YAZ46GMG5jH8J4emRev369KbN8+XLe79ixI11CULIMOPUkdgtRt2/fxv2KFSsqmkNFoMN1586d1lp1rNgIFGcDHtTVq1fXrFnjddiwYcP169dTtEJF2h2fmEKBB3w+e/YspW73Mh2BUwHMmeJpUwUn6DhE6idJq1ev5hpAFh4a4YIJoG08Y5ufnw8MDaPjCZ4TOMwEIN2t0E5CI4xlPRFsY/AB+V4HjDA3btzAk0JLtdM2b61G2AMUcf8t1A39F73Y/0Q/sSdwGO8z9A325ey8NYhM27ZtQ7BBh8SqmtfevtJlnzx5gs9z584FAcmqHDhwAPcc5uLCu3btwgICCyOG8eb06dPpZqYaS5cuxSd1433rqww4Imvhqk5tQ0ePHr1y5cr+/fu91Wtr5S3QFJRf7ijcx7Fs2TK/1oplAbsCzZcsWcKSixYtgqODCvj3vXv38gIsk9YFuMmM1+KqOXnvvfeIFP3ChKALMOvMwkMjXNCf6ZrZiPo/evQo5g2mt+cffPBB8C5tNFZjK40wlinGMSe4kMKSgUJLjRJjFr+NUVQsV2LI5dpS/K4EXRXPyQzCG7w38BCIJZ9s8auvvvIe3oW3BpEJHQkA4ukL92nwMlUAEkNVrWaPHz8mI4h5lIDeQtdHNMLQz4etV7r9eNF6X1whcEqj5ZpeixcvRpXvvvsuhaKmwhPLdwFVOCOEy3rv9/P6MpXIAy5YvB2TiWB9sS7AvZxg2lTNCZCiY8ONkY7EOmfhoSkuJHBmI/RrvjkudEjry4cPH/7www9N2xbkd6zSFGNhc4WehiSYFqy2VEf9u1RvhD0FhY2uGNKZ+sfRi1EHTWN15/LlyxWJOL0C43n1clE6Aw0iE6NFPH3xr3ysYZ9n1WqDwsFLC9Jhq5kgMXgRN+I3ljFwP+fzADn/rY2Cly5dgrHHuDBSaM0yUCgc5FNYscRqiQeOpYBEp4S7e/NhvHv77bcT69b6UkqBdGvGwE0+p01zc3P2pJoTDIhbt2798ssvrTycxO8k6s5DI1yeKC5jQB+scSFLCPI5PMGqA5dxnj9/jgW9cW1gaeS0ZT0xWJ8kD1inwbSJ97GlUpxqBGUa2TdAEc+H7D2TDenxgjz6OF109+7dW7ZsuXv3LkK4dw+ItUiP55hgYEEoCxXNIlNZk3zl4P0VIG23T+3rB0wnAcmEc6OIbRcxd/Gtw71srQ9xKwsXTYVgJLKBydblMGDhuZ9ZoksHe/Pw5Ouvv260RNlUt9bly0AFAxayJ5jMFp0BEAwkIoK7WxzCNOLll18eb4QmV4nAPbEgwfteNSeA/NZbb/mlMLy8sQjdHw+FuNCcf2GAHVZ8vcTE3MdLeDKewKsRtDA2tfarXis27YnHjh3D2oyNV1ySsbcSsaV6Vb6j8ELskOlRwHxB/y1sFAygF9sCFfhBH+fq3KlTp+IqfGPHvow8GxWxmpdrSp0hMmG6g82FWHODvU17mtmW+KqnOBiYuO2YF9/CATC/cttMkFMjy7PZqG3A62jjptX9eiP8w3IuvE5AfzY4wZs5mBC9AkZF6EWa3LTRvsuXgQLJFy9etNbp6/aigrtdEnVDyrJz504U/vzzzzE+wvWDrQGJcvIWSwTuG2UWksIJDI0LMN955x0rD+DIyfrmoRAXuk/wkslyapT3ndGWetABgRcXhh585iW/o7SmPREDDjakcdTChQmTwS+0VEf1eq1eiD1GEfTfMpXQi8EGaeHGetqapn/ppZcwytlQjAHBxt4333wTk+l33303mFG0x25rzRDRes9fdcV4N21PDbUTmwU4hFT/VVo73VrXyg4q1w7RRlulW8AfLPCnT596OBn/0jadpaF5aaB5dtulM+NLBpZqJ6RprezYAxS5+m/w/jjXvw6I4f8YjbJQY3r7P7Hu9W/+m3pAXL418LI/5OquUncJfYAi3i6+2F1CLTPDBB6ozT/5apTK9IGrlswRF5gFjGWUjgB7xt7HOBdsDujiLTF8nWmrM23bT7gHWBOrEOnrigPUv0ylacXl8c4Cxlm2b0V3i02f4T3TBHVvqSoGxIAYEAPDZ0CRafg2koZiQAyIgdliQJFptuwttGJADIiB4TOgyDR8G0lDMSAGxMBsMaDINFv2FloxIAbEwPAZUGQavo2koRgQA2JgthhQZJotewutGBADYmD4DCgyDd9G0lAMiAExMFsMKDLNlr2FVgyIATEwfAYUmYZvI2koBsSAGJgtBhSZZsveQisGxIAYGD4DikzDt5E0FANiQAzMFgOKTLNlb6EVA2JADAyfAUWm4dtIGooBMSAGZosBRabZsrfQigExIAaGz8BPzmcavrrSUAyIATEgBqaPgeBYNZ0cqJMDp8rJp/X0uWnF5Z1vFjCWdbZZxg5OdHLgVI3CAiMGxIAYmEoG9J5pKs0qUGJADIiBCWZAkWmCjSfVxYAYEANTyYAi01SaVaDEgBgQAxPMgCLTBBtPqosBMSAGppKB/JHpxIkTmzdvLiTr4cOH2INx69atqaSyDBRR43NyUcOmHSF0lzAW9rKrfeHChRnsAmOxnRo1BjK6MUczCOydXuwi54WW7D6+efDggVfl/PnzZYWPHz++adOmwl8p5ObNmxUNjf6nXMCpOeB7ovCEqPE5SmgZQVF/r3zgDPYTvCIoia/mKrgpc4yMzPQHHMp7OHBj31YZJzE0VFy5cmVTyBlxUXO74LGmjPfevXv3NlWyY/mMGAt7ItXz8FsYoiPGsup5sce91Z7QjXkF8PHVfqoepbMPaDH8H0ecCmo44nhdKyxaEZl6MmpHsbmAQw1Y3TMD3sDG0CJTI2sCFEYoP3ixY1u84VhGE1RHJhQAOX3nJRmtGQCHcb19fWSq4KTQOSGnIrcrrJILF1X1eZJ5LPD6VvB8xMEpF8aynmguak4IgAMJThmxB/4Tu7GZlS7N8lDAntNJKroqen1e32gZmWA8PzYZcp99GMIgMgWpmQEGMKviRzQSZCHdmugv3a7wiUbA4z5PooYWmRqBosv6gQyGCJzBntRGpuwOHQ/iuaxZBtyCio9MFZwUhpkW08dcuMoSx9hLR++3uTCW9UTmRkFOED/pmOm2q54Le2GPCPpvEIFQJfaK6glGvI7SDrXViuHXv2fCwiL02LZtm8UYu3n8+DEx4/Pq1atYQw/KrFq1ykaxhYWFWELhE7RoY/quXbt4Xyg/UWC7Yk2B3759GyPUihUrKprbt28fXsLhunPnTjutOtZqCgovBdF1PSgYYs2aNV6NDRs2XL9+PUUxVOT7Nnxu374dPODz2bNnKXU7lukOnAoc+eEKlKngBCvyROp7x+rVq+/fv5+Fh6a4YILCrjQ/Px8YGkbHEzwnWJgJQDpaoV31phjLeiLlgHyvxsaNG2/cuIEnhZZqp3DGWk2xByji/luoG/overH/iX5iT+C93oHpG+zLPfFWH5kqWIancszCJwblR48e+cIgBX5w8OBBPjx9+nSiwRCNWBLgjx07ZveJ1UdQrBp4hQJHjx69cuXK/v37vdVHoHBKE2WgkF5Y9cJ9HMuWLeM4ywsvSO0K2l2yZAlLLlq0CI4OKmDie/fupajXX5kU4Nb62rVrQYjvpdWcvPfee0R67tw5E4L+wqyzVx4KcUF/TBp27NhhNqL+QeelqkBqzz/44IPgXVp/FkmX3KgnPnnyJJa8fPlyMlBoqXRNRl+yEHuMwvffQEmMtFyg8v2XZdBV8UlmMJLDewMPgVjyyRa/+uor7+Hd2egUmei7dPF4qMWMyr9Sa6erp6Ow87QT271WBfAK4YsXL8av3333HUbz7jpkl1ALqnBGCLt47/fz+jINyQMuDHbsA+O9aoF79YJpUzUnQIqOjbky0pEYY988FOLCiGY24osWKFbokBiw+Pzw4cMffvihaTteYwWtp9uu0NOwlkMLVltqUJBNmRh7CoozZ85w0MZ8kROGOHox6oAZrO5cvnw5XicwHegVGO2rl4uaElgfmThxu3jxYiwaaxSARC/3Wz5YcunSpRVJFlKVprqOuHxT4Jz/1u4Ov3TpEow9roWRpqDAeZBPwdBYLfG2wFJAolPC3X0fwHj39ttvJ9btaP3uwE0BTpvm5ubsSTUnGBC3bt365ZdfWnk4iU/auvDQApdn8sCBA/gKfbDGhd7qvZfrSOjFnCA+f/4cC3pj+ZOPphjLemKwPkkerl27ZmNRbKmOXte9elPsaDFAEc+H7D2TrWPFC/Lo43TR3bt3b9my5e7duwjh3j0g1iI9nh86dAgLQt3x/iih4h2U/VS2m8u/+IVEvlLyr878y3bSgWLc8gGZtiuGUY3N4cZeUfrqZe/tO755Y4tlQhoBZ3iu3psHgXn3tJRpnhEURPk3qF325vkdEOCh6f60FFv3B9x7u23MoUope/Nef/1136FsR08iD7lwBc35zWlle/NgfQDEBQi9bq3MhbGsJ3LYsSEIXwv35nlLpbhcljIZsVMfQxH0Xzhe4RCEYoV782j6v/71r/jVxgG/A+Lbb7+FzKdPn3bhIYaftGvc+p4FNDposDcvjkx+zsRfvVtY2ui7xKAiUyPgNIxtLAQQRinb4wQT4iF3an700UddDFlbt8LRm4IKdp0aInMGP+AG7XpropjtGoej//znPycVeeNTf8CDDXg+nargBIbGFdcl6nQecuEKljGCLa/Vf8/U3/5YulAujGU9kc/L/p6p0FK1HS1XgVzYYxQVu8YD5Sv+ngmkBX/3ZmEMHRlRkH25NRsxfJ3PpPOZaqbgXHriwNHlwqIQ3pFiL0AXIbV1M55zkws4FsH8GxosiOHNc7zGUg0tI65aDsdVYOwYA0uNkoeM2AMUudzYswFtkeJkXIfX+UyjdLYpaQv+h3Sp+38nwn6w9P2ZQ+AuC3AA8WEJ4XndunV5dzENgavp0GGYWzyachugyOXGVIP/nQgDQsawVAhQcybNmZp6/qDLZ8w9B4VzWnEFmXj3qfmgrJauzCzYt4INzZnSXUUlxYAYEANiYDwM1O8aH49ealUMiAExIAZmlQFFplm1vHCLATEgBobKgCLTUC0jvcSAGBADs8rAT3ZAzCoJwi0GxIAYEAPjZCDY/KK9edqbN053zN72tO5xmlZc3gFmAWOZw88ydnCivXnZR0IJFANiQAyIgcwM6D1TZkIlTgyIATEgBjoyoMjUkUBVFwNiQAyIgcwMKDJlJlTixIAYEANioCMDikwdCVR1MSAGxIAYyMxAp8gUHDvdQjWcIV9xGHALgaOpUgsc/08au01Go0yuVgJQOIa1I4TuEnJBq5aTHXjQHJy84//DbcdDtZfmtQ4d3h9C307nprVGiZH/zBTWbKpkT+VrR6Ge2h2N2AaRiSf7jkatQbVSC5ydnNekBNpqUBhocNan/wsDDDqGEWcZm4GC3IK9lyef4j+L438Sg5wJsmYAnJDtKE+A9djLOAnwHjx4EKcx9c1DrZd6rWL72rndsQ+b3SviK875xbEI+Hfyvdq6I0Y6p10+jnr4Zef24r9ro0fg8Nbac6v7IKECu/dD633UgVkRr749MC/q1MgEa4EanA2VNy1Cp216UE1e/LXSaoGDFniqHZm1Z8+evBTVatiiQC2oYz9cPvxg0LETLfHcD9AVCsC+Z86cGUtPLtSqKXAIgc+fPHkyloY+n87J9u3b4ef9HVVeiyvQP7AvfBh+az68ceNGqmpHHvAnnkNdZk0M3DhNrr8pRUeM6JV2cCXhHDlyhLRg1AZkO1cQx5RUWArJVqE/tOiG6VVSsJuNoD9thFCEOGpmRa45ScHJ9AaSihMJYQ9e/uBCWJpHc+K5nTLOIyM5iuGhP+PVztO0wv7MddSyIzV9AVOM1XmcLs8MNtP6kzqbnqvYBTgPb45bJAlNNclYvgsof5QyVTLavbfQEN70+OptxMLxkbgZYcai+gBu/uz9v4KTQoD+pPkWDHTBFTQX2NfOXI61gu2Ck7njJ74WXMJ67qAwcizyp7KaesGYRpeuOJ417h0tkOb122AU4rAcm7XC0FkgdBESu3fqnOns2bPbfriuXr3aKAXmohA9w7wWehTmVmjFhsLamQeScRaGG0EyYyHu8+YF1cBv3LjhA2RhEgR9MMPAdefOnfQsqdeS1aDm5+d5lDgv5o9YrvEqocDt27dTlFy/fv3CwgJKXrp0CVMH8HD48OGUin2UaQTcFIjT5GpO4NtE6n14zZo17Dj45K/4xPGjWWBW4wr0CeyLuQ66T2GvQeeF+byG+IqH9gQAPUau6fHX7G7fBSM4h2IYvmK2r1+/vmHDBv8clsIoV+axpIumLDR0FoMGQloMv7Ay9PTn+1FzPKdw+B48sA9ts8hMikycSwIYLgxJhi1FA6wSsBgk2JSo7GWMrSChwKNHj6rlW0jgMgJtkPekxS7ATfmjR4/iiHEsHdDdx36lgPI0Pn78ONYZBRhvcKHP21o2XD8ovHTpUnbjN954A6MYqPjmm2/GQkJT4KZkvCZZzcl7771HpP7s2iVLlnDhetGiRfz11VdfvXfvXncqanFRn6+++sr0CboJFINzmhEta/RLEdQT1rSHaBcCg35qo3Zet++OsYzn+G0CLIXCcNoyj8Xo9OTJE5QpNHR3gwYSarH78rAdDISQUzh++nH1gw8+iO2bXfnWApMi09zc3K5du9gGblqfFW1jGeT4+0Ltawv4Wn4a12hKV01cFuA4/BjjAkT5iUhrg3Wv2BQUBqO4UZC8fPlyPvcLOBW+Dh5QCxOmIEXtjihRQlPgXmwwbarmBEgxmmDSsH///lg3HoaNEQQe/uKLLyYqX1GsFhdbRDStyNtsKQYrcng5wZlQnGdACB9iAeDy5cv2qqYQZka3z4KxkMM4S2bUAVe1Hltt6O6WpYRa7CzGxIIvlvB12bJlsQIIw3yObvjhhx8O+XT5pMiEdTO87CVy3MQLeoUsZDFM4RCQRXKKkFrgWNxAmVpRGIBeeeWVgcyZakEBjo/uXMcL3gkDS6LR/YCI6cKWLVuwfpJrFauWeV+gKXBfl9Mmy5ZqOUHevXXr1i+//NKEYLzzgyCWjPBTljlTIi6MWZjHUJ+K7A3QkEIx48a+AKxXex7wlSh2794NU969execeGlITSz+ZXT7jhi5kHXx4sXYYZAnwSH9cyxTW0gu9FiM75xX4YoN3cgnUwqnYIccyy0oc/Xq1bBFkLLjCUZUph3Pnz9HN+xvV04KtIoy9ZEJqgdvNeG4gY39HB8RvqNOvrrNrPGw0LEythWISgGOWTPICXZRx2/IEJawxh10gP40r5CcAgo+HQRRzBhsww+EAy98IHGRGmOZza6Qo2Hge+2117KMyI0IbAfcNwESfBZSzQmGwrfeesvPIDHe+SkLeEDoSnxX19GgmN9gAofVPObIgX3BjHdgfIX1GTgPHDgAyLa4B8fGV/wxAH46depUrBVJtue53D7FdtUYoRLeFCA2+4GYIRY5B/DaazYUQDFbFoo9lq+szJSxoRu5ZW3hFOyFQviOw5sDeQaewPHgAMgqapseb4H6yASLApLXEgt6eCPnnzDP4qQqLx7jF5Ibre91VyMFOFrhOrWt0SP8BEM2uj3/DqZwbae7no0kpIDi20QfX/kXOfByMzFekyS2i7GMb54hEP0fF94zBfspEkV1KdYOuG8RJARfyzjBUgkuWPydd96xKugyO3fuxFeMofAQFPjkk08K38k3gpmC680330R2/O677zICBfalLcyBkYJg5OVD+wseWy+xQRkFcL300ktIO2yYRlZq75Uzun13jMACzrFQCXSG1MIPZhvY1sHnKIBihF/osciP7Q13oaEbma+2cAr2MiH8g0LDi2GcWQXsRfMx7tbqMJ4Cfg7YZdvf5NYF730r//Tp076bCOR3BNVx+6/fkhtsO+6bioEAD2AihgUbkZvy0BFX4B657OvFxtuppwNjgAKGsD/sA/ymGMvGgbz2HfFo0725GP5PVie7NzCJEqbSJ7qDYmLYxaDdJbRovaPOaDG72tyS6oezseAKGs0Lk3/Ax79ubH11t12vGBl6C/8oqjVkTQzIQGx6nWmrM23HM1nvqVWsXdDRp+yaVlzeTLOAscwtZxk7OInh179nmrIeLjhiQAyIATEwcAYUmQZuIKknBsSAGJg5BhSZZs7kAiwGxIAYGDgDikwDN5DUEwNiQAzMHAOKTDNncgEWA2JADAycAUWmgRtI6okBMSAGZo4BRaaZM7kAiwExIAYGzoAi08ANJPXEgBgQAzPHgCLTzJlcgMWAGBADA2dAkWngBpJ6YkAMiIGZY0CRaeZMLsBiQAyIgYEzoMg0cANJPTEgBsTAzDGgyDRzJhdgMSAGxMDAGVBkGriBpJ4YEANiYOYYUGSaOZMLsBgQA2Jg4AwoMg3cQFJPDIgBMTBzDPzk5MCZQy/AYkAMiAExMAAGggM/daatzrQdgFfmU2FazwadVlze8rOAsczTZxk7ONGZtvmGQEkSA2JADIiBfhjQe6Z+eJVUMSAGxIAYaMuAIlNb5lRPDIgBMSAG+mFAkakfXiVVDIgBMSAG2jKgyNSWOdUTA2JADIiBfhiYsMi0atWqEydO9EPFqKXu++EadatqLwcD2EqU13Zw7M2bN7dW7eHDh1ApY9eAKAiE2NYqZa84CxjLSJtF7NhFzguk2H3hzcqVK2vLVEvo/it0OH78eHc5XkIFKEK+efMmy58/fx5PeB9oAq3sp0L1vM8Rwt4frrxYUqyZC9SDBw88KGsaLAWU4ise9oQ0EDsCa8Jq5oQEu2nTJlMD9Hqw+MlYqiYBJSsKVHc9X7dCpUamQWGPKzafhxZb3FDDTxJNP0CMwR/Z+MEn3bIp8IeG3aMLRjYOILxsbEzBWFEmhp86Z7p16xbSOqh74cKF7NlQusD79+8fPHgwvXz3koB87NixLnJAHdJPP+icPXu2i8DudbOA8kMweiwwdlesbwndgSN7PXPmjHdC8AC3hJVj5dFlrMthgN6xY0dF9znyw9WCATQNBbZv3251K1RKlw+BZbggBDO8FStW2FgDByA0Zvc+ckOZ7nOvsWCs6LmNLJvOeWHJsWCHJpY3+wk9jLtx40baHWFp3bp1hZ7fETKqp0am27dvb/jhOnfunLUK78SaBnTlRafkxTJ8YmVQHu7LAn4xhEsHuGhvXPQJe26FIYFLFpTjWyFBtSo1pWzXrl0V/TNFGgIbbOwHDghMqdhfmSygMPoYKIzUGPQzrib1hL078IsXL8KagXowcZy+cKS+cuUKC2McR3ZSEXvWrl1Lz2+KfW5ubs+ePSkqNZUMsRBeWOvq1as7d+60n+AAdIaTJ0+CH4vceIiveNi06aD8WDCW9dymlp1E7F5nOC3MjSfo4Ojmp0+f5q/wWAwCHRP3MnJSIxPS/G0/XFDRZ0DIHxk/oTGSI87ccR+swuMhfkJdBDbeoyI7IT4PHTrEiojGfrV9YWHBCqenXYkqpbtL4bhTXf3OnTuHDx9mmaAPp7fba8nuoNasWeM1RNZy/fr1XnXOIrwjcGBcv359oEnh9OLGjRvwZ19y9erV8HN4Mi5Ugavj89mzZ1YG5R8/ftwU5rVr1wJbQEL1jKesCTgtXNd+hVj2u1hh9HGE+VgOlAn4wVc8tJIY1lusu4wFY1nPbWHZpjb15ceCvVBhOD+6uf8JHsKgxaudcQvbSopMXMpD0ocLHjk/P2+yLH/ET7jHJ37ip13MrfiQOaMvgGzIKh44cMBHPny1wk+ePEm0bopKiaJYrKyTI6DaHBH3JhNjzaeffvrNN980amXEhbuAKswSli1b5ueCxszQVvm6AKeNli5dGhsrDngxS3R7ePKiRYvQhzGdevXVV+/du2fSli9f/ujRoxaesGTJkhSVWKbMNMiI4bTPnz83URBLm5rCyD6pMOeCJsoy0eDtI+myhxhJkJtOCsYyQ7SwbAub+iojs2/gkNQBKQgH1Xixh4qRkC7GjflJikwIHpYf4cYv6HmJ3mBlUxyfEvIeJdEhvZzCINQilzTKKDx91pXYyf3rUNyzFsLSxx9//Nlnn3X0xRFUL5w9pIAKMg+qiuHGFmPx1b/tHAGWRk20Bl7RShzwYpbogejMixcvxg0iAVYFXnzxxUbKpxcui8GFpkGkRG4RZMTWFhXGhRhjoyTGKYriEgjXcv3rcVZBz+VDzMYuX77c7l1aGeq+MRa2O3bLUqvs2AOHhE2ZeWAqzxU838GpA8dqEJLduEmRCSri5S21xE2woJfeVcrMjP7pfypMEIK6hXlrR00qqtMJMIuvbQJhCcsXyCsRorgwgllm2WJ9rbReC3QEhVePXj3M9AsjVq8Q2gnvApxDbWG7QcALVrFQhYsNxhKX4PycCR0B4aEFqLIVhcSlS4RMpJvoU1Dg7t27tsAIsX4wwlrf22+/HVuZ6yXsxRjFgm6CrxSye/fuLVu2QD5KtkgTR4+xrOe2sGwLm/oqo8EeOKTtgLAXS/GKPQYBph0djRvzUx+ZMEcLdg3CYHgP3JFrq461PkQ+eirelEJ4ygDnZ5EZlakAhU4OPWtRv//++0HURJKIin5tPU49asX2VKALKCxgGihkW8hXzIN70jaj2NbA0TnLEhQGPFu54o4Ae28KD0dWx33bvPACeevWrT7A441Ci5QLwSDIEqyJQKUyArFYVziVgVjrjFive/nllwkKWLwPc78iXy9hBd7mT/gKD8FXOsapU6daW3D0GKFqWc9tYdnWwBnsR2DfQocM1MbGFnRzW7nlFgEuoXUxbiE59ZEJfTh4kYsFvYz7nrnBA8EPEzL0TNvLVG1LpmmsFUy5ujhBRV24Y7xSEZd/5ZVXgAgXFkBwT3tzx7Atyve0m6UF8Fyg4KDBX360UGaUVVoDxyagigQlsCzX5Wl3brLnoIbJNG4wBfnkk08gkMC5IYg79BpdyO0q+mOKs8FX6bRYV3/ppZds7Q5i+ZL4888/R4zBGMTtteh9GBPMnwENG4gJjVvJ7RUs3B7Oz/DGJiAfraRkn56E0WOs7rmNLNvImnHhEWAvdMhCtWFcjNI0PbaMw+702C7GLebHFp3xc8e/lprQ6lMJfCpBpTjYCID7v7RNUamszNOnT/1Puf7StotKvm7tX9rmaihxCKrmp50yPWEMLJuiW7XfjgZ7C7VToKWUieH/GI1G0KVTVBx9makEPpWgUnxjNMDRSt7/34FpR/U/XKjGxSXEjP8ehTt60v99Q4ppasvMAsYyEmYZO5dbAmZ0pq3OtO242DCs6lhkmKx1xUT6phWXhz8LGMvMPcvYwUkMv/49U2LPUTExIAbEgBgQA1kYUGTKQqOEiAExIAbEQDYGFJmyUSlBYkAMiAExkIUBRaYsNEqIGBADYkAMZGNAkSkblRIkBsSAGBADWRhQZMpCo4SIATEgBsRANgYUmbJRKUFiQAyIATGQhQFFpiw0SogYEANiQAxkY0CRKRuVEiQGxIAYEANZGFBkykKjhIgBMSAGxEA2BhSZslEpQWJADIgBMZCFAUWmLDRKiBgQA2JADGRjQJEpG5USJAbEgBgQA1kYUGTKQqOEiAExIAbEQDYGFJmyUSlBYkAMiAExkIWBn5zPlEWihIgBMSAGxIAYaMRAcKzadB6z1ogRFRYDYkAMiIFBMfB/bz4NkTgTmMkAAAAASUVORK5CYII=)
Question 29.Fill the following table
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Answer:![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Draw the diagram to show the experimental setup for the law of conservation of mass.
Answer:
Step 1: Take a flask and take a mixture of sodium hydroxide solution and copper sulphate solution.
Step 2: Weight the flask and note it.
Step 3: Now mix the whole mixture thoroughly.
Step 4: Now, weight the flask.
We will observe that after mixing there is no change in the mass. This explains the law of conservation of mass.
Question 2.
Explain the process and precautions in verifying law of conservation of mass.
Answer:
Law of conservation of mass states that “Matter is neither created nor destroys in a chemical reaction. More simply, the mass of products is equal to the mass of reactants in a chemical reaction.
Question 3.
15.9g. of copper sulphate and 10.6g of sodium carbonate react together to give 14.2g of sodium sulphate and 12.3g of copper carbonate. Which law of chemical combination is obeyed? How?
Answer:
Law of conservation of mass is obeyed.
Explanation:
Total mass of reactants = 15.9g + 10.6g = 26.5g
Total mass of products = 14.2g + 12.3g = 26.5g
As there is no change in the mass of reactants and products, hence law of conservation is obeyed.
Question 4.
Carbon dioxide is added to 112g of calcium oxide. The product formed is 200g of calcium carbonate. Calculate the mass carbon dioxide used. Which law of chemical combination will govern your answer.
Answer:
The reaction taking place is:
Let the mass of CO2 is xg.
According to the law of conservation of mass, the mass of reactants is equal to the mass of products.
Therefore,
⇒ x + 112g = 220g
⇒ x = 220g – 112g
⇒ x = 108g
Thus, the mass of carbon dioxide is 108g.
Question 5.
0.24g sample of compound of oxygen and boron was found by analysis to contain 0.144g of oxygen and 0.096g of boron. Calculate the percentage composition of the compound by weight.
Answer:
Given: Mass of compound = 0.24g
Mass of oxygen = 0.144g
Mass of boron = 0.096g
To calculate the percent of the composition of oxygen, we apply the formula:
⇒
⇒ % composition of oxygen = 0.6g × 100
⇒ % composition of oxygen = 60%
To calculate the percent of the composition of boron, we apply the formula:
⇒
⇒ % composition of boron = 0.4g × 100
⇒ % composition of boron = 40%
Total percentage composition of compound is 60% + 40% = 100%
Question 6.
In a class, a teacher asked to write the molecular formula of oxygen Shamita wrote the formula as O2 and Priyanka as O. which one is correct? State the reason.
Answer:
Shamita wrote the correct formula of oxygen as O2 because:
i. A molecule of oxygen has two atoms.
ii. It is diatomic in nature (atomicity = 2)
iii. Thus, writing oxygen as O2 indicates two separate atoms of oxygen.
Note: Atomicity is the number of atoms constituting a molecule.
Question 7.
Imagine what would happen if we do not have standard symbols for elements?
Answer:
if we do not have standard symbols for elements, then it will take a lot of time to write the full name of the elements and compounds every time to describe a reaction.
Question 8.
Mohith said "H2 differs from 2H". Justify.
Answer:
Question 9.
Lakshmi gives a statement "CO and Co both represents element". Is it correct? State reason.
Answer:
No, CO does not represent element whereas Co represents element because the first letter of the symbol is always the upper case and the second letter is always lower case.
In CO, the second letter is uppercase whereas in Co, the second letter is lowercase. Hence Co represents an element.
Question 10.
The formula of the water molecule is H2O. What information you get from this formula.
Answer:
To get the information, first, we will see the elements present in a molecule of the compound.
Second, we will count the number of atoms of each element of that molecule.
In H2O:
i. 2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen are present.
ii. There are total three atoms present in a molecule of water.
Question 11.
How would you write 2 molecules of oxygen and 5 molecules of Nitrogen.
Answer:
For oxygen:
⇒ First, write the symbol of oxygen –
⇒ Now write 2 as a subscript after O –
For nitrogen:
⇒ First, write the symbol of nitrogen –
⇒ Now write 5 as a subscript after N –
Question 12.
The formula of a metal oxide is MO. Then write the formula of its chloride.
Answer:
The formula of its chloride is MOCl2
Question 13.
Formula of calcium hydroxide is Ca (OH)2 and zinc phosphate is Zn3(PO4)2. Then write the formula to calcium phosphate.
Answer:
Valency of Ca = 2
Valency of PO4 = 3
Now, apply the criss cross method
So the formula will be Ca3(PO4)2
Question 14.
Find out the chemical names and formulae for the following common household substances.
a) common salt
b) baking soda
c) washing soda
d) vinegar
Answer:
a) Common salt
Chemical name – sodium chloride
Chemical formula – NaCl
b) baking soda
Chemical name – sodium bicarbonate
Chemical formula – NaHCO3
c) washing soda
Chemical name – sodium carbonate
Chemical formula – Na2CO3
d) vinegar
Chemical name – acetic acid
Chemical formula – CH3COOH
Question 15.
Calculate the mass of the following
0.5 mole of N2 gas.
Answer:
0.5 mole of N2 gas
First, we apply the formula:
⇒ Mass of N2 = No. of moles × Molar mas of N2
⇒ Mass of N2 = 0.5 mole × 2(atomic mass of nitrogen)
⇒ Mass of N2 = 0.5 × 2 × 14
⇒ Mass of N2 = 14g
Thus, the mass of N2 gas is 14g.
Question 16.
Calculate the mass of the following
0.5 mole of N atoms.
Answer:
0.5 mole of Natoms
First, we apply the formula:
⇒ Mass of Natoms = No. of moles × Molar mass of N
⇒ Mass of Natoms = 0.5 mole × (atomic mass of nitrogen)
⇒ Mass of Natoms = 0.5 × 14
⇒ Mass of N2 = 7g
Thus, the mass of N atoms is 7g.
Question 17.
Calculate the mass of the following
3.011 × 1023 number of N atoms.
Answer:
3.011 X 1023 number of N atoms.
As we know that 1 mole = 6.022 X 1023atoms
⇒
⇒ 1/2 mole = 0.5 mole
For 0.5 mole of Natoms
First, we apply the formula:
⇒ Mass of Natoms = No. of moles × Molar mass of N
⇒ Mass of Natoms = 0.5 mole × (atomic mass of nitrogen)
⇒ Mass of Natoms = 0.5 × 14
⇒ Mass of N atoms = 7g
Thus, mass of3.011 × 1023 number of N atoms is 7g
Question 18.
Calculate the mass of the following
6.022 × 1023 number of N2 molecules.
Answer:
6.022 X 1023 number of N2 molecules.
As we know that 1 mole = 6.022 X 1023atoms
For 1 mole of N2molecules:
First, we apply the formula:
⇒ Mass of N2 = No. of moles × Molar mass of N2
⇒ Mass of N2 = 1 mole × 2(atomic mass of nitrogen)
⇒ Mass of N2 = 1mole × 28u
⇒ Mass of N2 = 28g
Thus, mass of6.022 × 1023 number of N2 molecules is 28g.
Question 19.
Calculate the number of particles in each of the following
46g of Na
Answer:
The number of particles present in one mole of any substance is has a fixed value of 6.022 × 1023. This number is called Avogadro constant(NA).
Mass of Na = 46g
Molar mass of Na = 23u
Apply the formula given below:
Number of particles = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒
⇒
⇒ Number of particles = 2 × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of particles = 12.046 × 1023
Thus, 46g of Na contains 12.046 × 1023 particles.
Question 20.
Calculate the number of particles in each of the following
8g of O2
Answer:
The number of particles present in one mole of any substance is has a fixed value of 6.022 × 1023. This number is called Avogadro constant(NA).
Mass of O2 = 8g
Molar mass of O2 = 32u
Apply the formula given below:
Number of particles = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒
⇒
⇒ Number of particles = 0.25 × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of particles = 1.5 × 1023
Thus, 8g of O2 contains 1.5 × 1023 particles.
Question 21.
Calculate the number of particles in each of the following
0.1 mole of hydrogen
Answer:
The number of particles present in one mole of any substance is has a fixed value of 6.022 × 1023. This number is called Avogadro constant(NA).
Number of mole of hydrogen = 0.1 mole
Molar mass of H2 = 2u
Apply the formula given below:
Number of particles = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of particles = 0.1 mole × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of particles = 6.022 × 1024
Thus, 0.1 mole of hydrogen contains 6.022 × 1024particles.
Question 22.
Convert into mole
12g of O2 gas.
Answer:
Mass of O2 gas = 12g
Molar mass of O2 = 32u
Apply the formula:
⇒
⇒ No. of moles = 0.37
Thus, the 12g of O2 gas is 0.37 mole
Question 23.
Convert into mole
20g of water.
Answer:
Mass of water(H2O) = 20g
Molar mass of H2O = 18u
Apply the formula:
⇒
⇒ No. of moles = 1.11
Thus, the 20g of water is 1.11 mole
Question 24.
Convert into mole
22g of carbon dioxide.
Answer:
Mass of CO2 gas = 22g
Molar mass of CO2 = 44u
Apply the formula:
⇒
⇒ No. of moles = 0.5
Thus, the 22g of CO2 gas is 0.5 mole
Question 25.
Write the valencies of Fe in FeCl2 and FeCl3
Answer:
In FeCl2, the valency of Fe is + 2
In FeCl3, the valency of Fe is + 3
Question 26.
Calculate the molar mass of Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and glucose (C6H12O6)
Answer:
Molar mass of sulphuric acid (H2SO4):
⇒ 2(atomic mass of hydrogen) + (atomic mass of Sulphur) + 4(atomic mass of oxygen)
⇒ 2 × 1 + 32 + 4 × 16
⇒ 2 + 32 + 64
⇒ 98 u
Thus, the molar mass of H2SO4 is 98 u.
Molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6):
⇒ 6(atomic mass of carbon) + 12(atomic mass of hydrogen) + 6(atomic mass of oxygen)
⇒ 6 × 12 + 12 × 1 + 6 × 16
⇒ 72 + 12 + 96
⇒ 108 u
Thus, the molar mass of C6H12O6 is 108 u.
Question 27.
Which has more number of atoms - 100g of sodium or 100g of iron? Justify your answer. (atomic mass of sodium = 23u, atomic mass of iron = 56u)
Answer:
For sodium
Given: Mass of sodium = 100g
Molar mass of sodium = 23u
Number of atoms = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒
⇒
⇒ Number of atoms = 4.34 × 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of atomss = 2.613 × 1024
⇒Thus, 100g of sodium contains 2.613 × 1024 atoms.
For iron
Given: Mass of iron = 100g
Molar mass of iron = 55.8u
Number of atoms = number of moles × 6.022 × 1023
⇒
⇒
⇒ Number of atoms = 1.79× 6.022 × 1023
⇒ Number of atoms = 1.07× 1024
⇒Thus, 100g of iron contains 1.07× 1024atoms.
Therefore, 100g of sodium has more number of atoms.
Question 28.
Complete the following table.
Answer:
Question 29.
Fill the following table
Answer: