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Algebraic Expressions Class 8th Mathematics AP Board Solution

Class 8th Mathematics AP Board Solution
Exercise 11.1
  1. 6, 7k Find the product of the following pairs:
  2. −3l, −2m Find the product of the following pairs:
  3. −5t^2 −3t^2 Find the product of the following pairs:
  4. 6n, 3m Find the product of the following pairs:
  5. −5p^2 , −2p Find the product of the following pairs:
  6. Complete the table of the products.
  7. Find the volumes of rectangular boxes with given length, breadth and height in…
  8. xy, x^2 y, xy, x Find the product of the following monomials
  9. a, b, ab, a^3 b, ab^3 Find the product of the following monomials…
  10. kl, lm, km, klm Find the product of the following monomials
  11. pq ,pqr, r Find the product of the following monomials
  12. −3a, 4ab, −6c, d Find the product of the following monomials
  13. If A = xy, B = yz and C = zx, then find ABC = ...........
  14. If P = 4x^2 , T = 5x and R = 5y, then ptr/100 = ..........
  15. Write some monomials of your own and find their products.
Exercise 11.2
  1. Complete the table:
  2. Simplify: 4y(3y + 4)
  3. Simplify x(2x^2 −7x + 3) and find the values of it for (i) x = 1 and (ii) x = 0…
  4. Add the product: a(a−b), b(b−c), c(c−a)
  5. Add the product: x(x + y−r), y(x−y + r), z(x−y−z)
  6. Subtract the product of 2x(5x−y) from product of 3x(x + 2y)
  7. Subtract 3k(5k−l + 3m) from 6k(2k + 3l−2m)
  8. Simplify: a^2 (a−b + c) + b^2 (a + b−c)−c^2 (a−b−c)
Exercise 11.3
  1. 2a−9 and 3a + 4 Multiply the binomials:
  2. x−2y and 2x−y Multiply the binomials:
  3. kl + lm and k−l Multiply the binomials:
  4. m^2 −n^2 and m + n Multiply the binomials:
  5. (x + y)(2x−5y + 3xy) Find the product:
  6. (mn−kl + km) (kl−lm) Find the product:
  7. (a−2b + 3c)(ab^2 −a^2 b) Find the product:
  8. (p^3 + q^3)(p−5q + 6r) Find the product:
  9. (x−2y)(y−3x) + (x + y)(x−3y)−(y−3x)(4x−5y) Simplify the following:…
  10. (m + n)(m^2 −mn + n^2) Simplify the following:
  11. (a−2b + 5c)(a−b)− (a−b−c)(2a + 3c) + (6a + b)(2c−3a−5b) Simplify the…
  12. (pq-qr + pr)(pq + qr)−(pr + pq)(p + q−r) Simplify the following:
  13. If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that a+b-c/c = a-b+c/b = -a+b+c/a ,…
Exercise 11.4
  1. (3k + 4l) (3k + 4l) Select a suitable identity and find the following products…
  2. (ax^2 + by^2) (ax^2 + by^2) Select a suitable identity and find the following…
  3. (7d - 9e) (7d - 9e) Select a suitable identity and find the following products…
  4. (m^2 - n^2) (m^2 + n^2) Select a suitable identity and find the following…
  5. (3t + 9s) (3t - 9s) Select a suitable identity and find the following products…
  6. (kl - mn) (kl + mn) Select a suitable identity and find the following products…
  7. (6x + 5) (6x + 6) Select a suitable identity and find the following products…
  8. (2b - a) (2b + c) Select a suitable identity and find the following products…
  9. 304^2 Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:
  10. 509^2 Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:
  11. 992^2 Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:
  12. 799^2 Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:
  13. 304 × 296 Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:
  14. 83 × 77 Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:
  15. 109×108 Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:
  16. 204×206 Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:
Exercise 11.5
  1. a = 2 units, b = 4 units Verify the identity (a + b)^2 ≡ a^2 + 2ab + b^2…
  2. a = 3 units, b = 1 unit Verify the identity (a + b)^2 ≡ a^2 + 2ab + b^2…
  3. a = 5 units, b = 2 unit Verify the identity (a + b)^2 ≡ a^2 + 2ab + b^2…
  4. a = 3 units, b = 1 unit Verify the identity (a - b)^2 ≡ a^2 - 2ab + b^2…
  5. a = 5 units, b = 2 units Verify the identity (a - b)^2 ≡ a^2 - 2ab + b^2…
  6. a = 3 units, b = 2 units Verify the identity (a + b) (a - b) ≡ a^2 - b^2…
  7. a = 2 units, b = 1 unit Verify the identity (a + b) (a - b) ≡ a^2 - b^2…

Exercise 11.1
Question 1.

Find the product of the following pairs:

6, 7k


Answer:

Given:6 and 7k


The product of 6 and 7k is = 6×7k = 42k


Hence the product of 6 and 7k is 42k.



Question 2.

Find the product of the following pairs:

−3l, −2m


Answer:

Given: -3l and -2m


The product of -3l and -2m is = -3l × -2m = 6lm


Hence the product of -3l and -2m is 6lm.



Question 3.

Find the product of the following pairs:

−5t2 −3t2


Answer:

Given: -5t2 and -3t2


The product of -5t2 and -3t2


⇒ -5t2×-3t2 = 15(t2.t2)


⇒15t4


Hence the product of -5t2 and -3t2 is 15t4.



Question 4.

Find the product of the following pairs:

6n, 3m


Answer:

Given: 6n and 3m


The product of 6n and 3m


⇒ 6n × 3m = 18nm


Hence the product of 6n and 3m is 18nm.



Question 5.

Find the product of the following pairs:

−5p2, −2p


Answer:

Given: -5p2 and -2p


The product of -5p2 and -2p


⇒-5p2×-2p = 10(p2.p)


⇒10p3


Hence the product of -5p2 and -2p is 10p3.



Question 6.

Complete the table of the products.



Answer:


Here the product is calculated in the following manner:


We multiply the terms on the x axis (horizontal)and y axis(vertical).


For example, when -2y2 is on the X axis (observe the 1st row 3rd column) and 3x is on the Y axis(2nd row 1st column) then ,the product


becomes -2y2×3x = -6xy2(observe the 2nd row 3rd column).



Question 7.

Find the volumes of rectangular boxes with given length, breadth and height in the following table.



Answer:


Here we have calculated the Volume V using the Length, Breadth and Height.


V = Length×Breadth×Height



Question 8.

Find the product of the following monomials

xy, x2y, xy, x


Answer:

Here we have xy,x2y,xy,x

Hence the product of the above terms is (xy)×(x2y)×(x) =


(x.x2.x) (y.y)


= x4y2



Question 9.

Find the product of the following monomials

a, b, ab, a3b, ab3


Answer:

Here we have a,b,ab,a3b,ab3

Hence the product of the above terms is (a)×(b)×(ab)×(a3b)×(ab3)


= (a.a.a3.a)(b.b.b.b3)


= a6b6



Question 10.

Find the product of the following monomials

kl, lm, km, klm


Answer:

Here we have kl,lm,km,klm

Hence the product of the above terms is (kl)×(lm)×(km)×(klm)


= (k.k.k)(l.l.l)(m.m.m)


= k3l3m3



Question 11.

Find the product of the following monomials

pq ,pqr, r


Answer:

Here we have pq,pqr,r

Hence the product of the above terms is (pq)×(pqr)×(r)


= (p.p)(q.q)(r.r)


= p2q2r2



Question 12.

Find the product of the following monomials

−3a, 4ab, −6c, d


Answer:

Here we have -3a,4ab,-6c,d

Hence the product of the above terms is (-3a)×(4ab)×(-6c)×(d)


= (-3×4×-6)(a.a)(b)(c)(d)


= 72a2bcd



Question 13.

If A = xy, B = yz and C = zx, then find ABC = ...........


Answer:

Here we have A = xy ,B = yz and C = zx.

Therefore the product of A,B and C will be ABC = (xy)×(yz)×(zx) = x2y2z2.



Question 14.

If P = 4x2, T = 5x and R = 5y, then  = ..........


Answer:

Here we have P = 4x2 ,T = 5x and R = 5y.

Therefore the product of P,T and R will be PTR = (4x2)×(5x)×(5y) = 100x3y


Hence  is equal to  i.e. x3y.



Question 15.

Write some monomials of your own and find their products.


Answer:

The monomials are (i)5x,6y,7z and (ii)3x2y,4xy2,7x3y3

(i) The given monomial is 5x,6y,7z .


Therefore the product of above terms is (5x)×(6y)×(7z) = 210xyz


(ii) The given monomial is 3x2y,4xy2,7x3y3 .


Therefore the product of above terms is (3x2y)×(4xy2)×(7x3y3) = 84x6y6




Exercise 11.2
Question 1.

Complete the table:



Answer:


Here we have the First and Second expressions as 5q and p + q-2r respectively.


The process involved in the multiplication is :


Step1.Write the product of the expressions using multiplication symbol: 5q×(p + q-2r)


Step2.Use distributive law :Multiply the monomial by the first term of the polynomial then multiply the monomial by the second term and then multiply the monomial by the third term of the polynomial and add their products: 5pq + 5q2-10qr


Step3.Simplify the terms: 5q2 + 5pq-10qr


2. Similarly ,following the above process we calculate


(kl + lm + mn)(3k)


= (3k)(kl) + (3k)(lm) + (3k)(mn)


= 3k2l + 3klm + 3kmn


3. Similarly ,following the above process we calculate


(ab2)( a + b2 + c3) = ab2(a) + ab2 (b2) + ab2(c3) = a2b2 + ab4 + ab2c3


4.Similarly ,following the above process we calculate


(x-2y + 3z)(xyz) = ( x-2y + 3z)×(xyz) = x2yz-2xy2z + 3xyz2


5. Similarly ,following the above process we calculate


(a2bc + b2cd-abd2)(a2b2c2) = (a2bc + b2cd- abd2)×(a2b2c2) = a4b3c3 + a2b4c3d-a3b3c2d2



Question 2.

Simplify: 4y(3y + 4)


Answer:

Here we have 4y and 3y + 4.

Now the product of these terms is as follows:


The procedure involved in the multiplication is :


Step1.Write the product of the expressions using multiplication symbol: 4y(3y + 4).


Step2.Use distributive law :Multiply the monomial by the first term of the binomial then multiply the monomial by the second term of the binomial and then add their products: 4y(3y) + 4y(4)


Step3.Simplify the terms: 12y2 + 16y


Hence 4y(3y + 4) = 12y2 + 16y



Question 3.

Simplify x(2x2−7x + 3) and find the values of it for (i) x = 1 and (ii) x = 0


Answer:

Here we have the monomial x and polynomial 2x2-7x + 3

Now the product of these terms is as follows:


The process involved in the multiplication is :


Step1.Write the product of the expressions using multiplication symbol:


x(2x2-7x + 3).


Step2.Use distributive law :Multiply the monomial by the first term of the trinomial then multiply the monomial by the second term of the trinomial and then the monomial by the third term of the trinomial and then add their products: x(2x2)-x(7x) + x(3)


Step3.Simplify the terms: 2x3-7x2 + 3x


Hence x(2x2−7x + 3) = 2x3-7x2 + 3x


(i)When x = 1, 2x3-7x2 + 3x = 2(1)3-7(1)2 + 3(1) = -2


(ii)When x = 0, 2x3-7x2 + 3x = 2(0)3-7(0)2 + 3(0) = 0



Question 4.

Add the product: a(a−b), b(b−c), c(c−a)


Answer:

Here we have the expressions a(a-b),b(b-c) and c(c-a)

Using the distributive law a(a-b) = a2-ab,b(b-c) = b2-bc and c(c-a) = c2-ca


Now we add the terms (a2-ab) + (b2-bc) + (c2-ca)


= a2 + b2 + c2-ab-bc-ca


Hence addition of the product of the above expressions is a2 + b2 + c2-ab-bc-ca.



Question 5.

Add the product: x(x + y−r), y(x−y + r), z(x−y−z)


Answer:

Here we have the expressions x(x + y-r),y(x-y + r) and z(x-y-z)

Using the distributive law x(x + y-r)


= x2 + xy-xr,

y(x-y + r)

= xy-y2 + yr and

z(x-y-z) = xz-yz-z2


Now we add these terms (x2 + xy-xr) + (xy-y2 + yr) + (xz-yz-z2)


= x2-y2-z2 + 2xy-xr + yr + xz-yz


Hence addition of the product of the above expressions is x2-y2-z2 + 2xy-xr + yr + xz-yz.


Question 6.

Subtract the product of 2x(5x−y) from product of 3x(x + 2y)


Answer:

Here we have 2x(5x-y) and 3x(x + 2y)

Using the distributive law 2x(5x-y) = 2x(5x)-2x(y)


= 10x2-2xy


and 3x(x + 2y)


= 3x(x) + 3x(2y)


= 3x2 + 6xy.


Now , we have to subtract 10x2-2xy from 3x2 + 6xy.


i.e. (3x2 + 6xy)-(10x2-2xy)


= 3x2 + 6xy-10x2 + 2xy


= -7x2 + 8xy


Hence after subtraction of the product of 2x(5x−y) from the product of 3x(x + 2y) is


-7x2 + 8xy.



Question 7.

Subtract 3k(5k−l + 3m) from 6k(2k + 3l−2m)


Answer:

Here we have 3k(5k−l + 3m) and 6k(2k + 3l−2m)

Using the distributive law 3k(5k−l + 3m) = 15k2-3kl + 9km


and 6k(2k + 3l-2m) = 12k2 + 18kl-12km


Now , we have to subtract 15k2-3kl + 9km from 12k2 + 18kl-12km.


i.e. (12k2 + 18kl-12km)-(15k2-3kl + 9km) = -3k2 + 21kl-21k2m2


Hence after subtraction of the product of 3k(5k−l + 3m) from the product of 6k(2k + 3l−2m) is = -3k2 + 21kl-21k2m2



Question 8.

Simplify: a2(a−b + c) + b2(a + b−c)−c2(a−b−c)


Answer:

Here we have the polynomials as a2(a−b + c), b2(a + b−c) and c2(a−b−c)

Now using the distributive law, a2(a−b + c) = a2(a)-a2(b) + a2(c) = a3-a2b + a2c


b2(a + b−c) = b2(a) + b2(b)-b2(c) = ab2 + b3-b2c and c2(a−b−c) = c2a-c2b-c3


Now we will simplify it, a2(a−b + c) + b2(a + b−c)−c2(a−b−c) = (a3-a2b + a2c) + (ab2 + b3-b2c)-(c2a-c2b-c3) = a3-a2b + a2c + ab2 + b3-b2c-c2a + c2b + c3 = a3 + b3 + c3-a2b + a2c + ab2-b2c-c2a + c2b


Hence , a2(a−b + c) + b2(a + b−c)−c2(a−b−c) = a2b + a2c + ab2-b2c-c2a + c2b




Exercise 11.3
Question 1.

Multiply the binomials:

2a−9 and 3a + 4


Answer:

Consider two binomials as 2a−9 and 3a + 4

Now,to get the product of two binomials 2a−9 and 3a + 4 we use the


distributive law i.e. (2a−9)×(3a + 4) = 2a(3a) + 2a(4)-9(3a)-9(4) = 6a2 + 8a-27a-36 = 6a2-19a-36


Therefore ,the product of 2a−9 and 3a + 4 is 6a2-19a-36.



Question 2.

Multiply the binomials:

x−2y and 2x−y


Answer:

Consider two binomials as x−2y and 2x−y

Now,to get the product of two binomials x−2y and 2x−y we use the


distributive law i.e. (x−2y)×( 2x−y) = x(2x)-x(y)-2y(2x)-2y(-y) = 2x2-xy-4xy + 4y2


Therefore ,the product of x−2y and 2x−y is 2x2 + 4y2-5xy.



Question 3.

Multiply the binomials:

kl + lm and k−l


Answer:

Consider two binomials as kl + lm and k-l

Now,to get the product of two binomials kl + lm and k-l we use the


distributive law i.e. (kl + lm)×( k-l) = kl(k) + kl(-l) + lm(k) + lm(-l) = k2l-kl2 + klm-l2m


Therefore , the product of (kl + lm) and ( k-l) is k2l-kl2 + klm-l2m



Question 4.

Multiply the binomials:

m2−n2 and m + n


Answer:

Consider two binomials as m2−n2 and m + n

Now, to get the product of two binomials ) m2−n2 and m + n we use the


distributive law i.e. (m2−n2)×( m + n) = m2(m) + m2(n)-n2(m)-n2(n) =


m3 + m2n-mn2-n3


Therefore , the product of m2−n2 and m + n is m3 + m2n-mn2-n3.



Question 5.

Find the product:

(x + y)(2x−5y + 3xy)


Answer:

Consider the binomial x + y and the trinomial 2x−5y + 3xy.

Now, to get the product of above expressions x + y and 2x−5y + 3xy,we use the


distributive law i.e (x + y)×(2x−5y + 3xy) = x(2x-5y + 3xy) + y(2x-5y + 3xy)


= x(2x) + x(-5y) + x(3xy) + y(-5y) + y(3xy) = 2x2-5xy + 3x2y-5y2 + 3xy2


Therefore , the product of x + y and 2x−5y + 3xy is 2x2-5y2 + 3x2y + 3xy2-5xy



Question 6.

Find the product:

(mn−kl + km) (kl−lm)


Answer:

Consider the trinomial mn−kl + km and the binomial kl−lm.

Now, to get the product of mn−kl + km and kl−lm,we use the


distributive law i.e. (mn−kl + km)×( kl−lm) = mn(kl-lm)-kl(kl-lm) + km(-lm)


= mnkl-m2nl-k2l2 + kl2m + kml-klm2


Therefore , the product of mn−kl + km and kl−lm is mnkl-m2nl-k2l2 + kl2m + kml-klm2



Question 7.

Find the product:

(a−2b + 3c)(ab2−a2b)


Answer:

Consider the trinomial a−2b + 3c and the binomial ab2−a2b.

Now, to get the product of a−2b + 3c and ab2−a2b,we use the


distributive law i.e. (a−2b + 3c)×( ab2−a2b) = a(ab2-a2b)-2b(ab2-a2b) + 3c(ab2-a2b)


= a2b2-a3b-2ab3 + 2a2b2 + 3ab2c-3a2bc = 3a2b2-a3b-2ab3 + 3ab2c-3a2bc


Therefore , the product of a−2b + 3c and ab2−a2b is 3a2b2-a3b-2ab3 + 3ab2c-3a2bc



Question 8.

Find the product:

(p3 + q3)(p−5q + 6r)


Answer:

Consider the binomial p3 + q3 and the trinomial p−5q + 6r.

Now, to get the product of p3 + q3 and p−5q + 6r,we use the


distributive law i.e (p3 + q3)(p−5q + 6r) = p3(p-5q + 6r) + q3(p-5q + 6r) = (p3.p-5p3q + p3.6r) + (p.q3-5q.q3 + 6q3r) = p4-5p3q + 6p3r + pq3-5q4 + 6q3r


Therefore , the product of p3 + q3and p−5q + 6r is p4-5p3q + 6p3r + pq3-5q4 + 6q3r



Question 9.

Simplify the following:

(x−2y)(y−3x) + (x + y)(x−3y)−(y−3x)(4x−5y)


Answer:

Here we have (x−2y)(y−3x) + (x + y)(x−3y)−(y−3x)(4x−5y)

Re-arranging, we get,

(x - 2y)(y - 3x) - (y - 3x)(4x - 5y) + (x + y)(x - 3y)

= (y - 3x)[(x - 2y) - (4x - 5y)] + (x + y)(x - 3y)

= (y - 3x)(-3x + 3y) + (x + y)(x - 3y)

= - 3 (y - 3x)(x - y) + (x + y)(x - 3y)

= -3 (xy - y2 - 3x2 + 3xy) + x2 - 3xy + xy - 3y2

= 9x2 + 3y2 - 12xy + x2 - 3y2 - 2xy

= 10x2 - 14xy


Question 10.

Simplify the following:

(m + n)(m2−mn + n2)


Answer:

We have the binomial m + n and trinomial m2−mn + n2

Here we will use the distributive law as follows:


(m + n)(m2−mn + n2) = m(m2−mn + n2) + n(m2−mn + n2) = (m.m2-m.mn + m.n2) + (n.m2-mn.n + n.n2) = m3-m2n + mn2 + m2n-mn2 + n3 = m3 + n3


Hence , (m + n)(m2−mn + n2) = m3 + n3



Question 11.

Simplify the following:

(a−2b + 5c)(a−b)− (a−b−c)(2a + 3c) + (6a + b)(2c−3a−5b)


Answer:

We have (a−2b + 5c)(a−b)− (a−b−c)(2a + 3c) + (6a + b)(2c−3a−5b)

Here, (a−2b + 5c)(a−b) = (a-b)(a-2b + 5c)(using Commutative law)


= a(a-2b + 5c)-b(a-2b + 5c)(using distributive law )


= a2-2ab + 5ac-ab + 2b2-5bc = a2 + 2b2-3ab + 5ac-5bc


(a−b−c)(2a + 3c) = (2a + 3c)(a-b-c) (using Commutative law)


= 2a(a-b-c) + 3c(a-b-c) (using distributive law )


= 2a2-2ab-2ac + 3ac-3bc-3c2


= 2a2 + ac-2ab-3bc-3c2


and (6a + b)(2c−3a−5b) = 6a(2c−3a−5b) + b(2c−3a−5b) = 12ac-18a2-30ab + 2bc-3ab-5b2 = -18a2 + 5b2-33ab + 2bc + 12ac


Therefore, a−2b + 5c)(a−b)− (a−b−c)(2a + 3c) + (6a + b)(2c−3a−5b) = a2 + 2b2-3ab + 5ac-5bc-(2a2 + ac-2ab-3bc-3c2) + ( -18a2 + 5b2-33ab + 2bc + 12ac) =


a2 + 2b2-3ab + 5ac-5bc-2a2-2ac + 2ab + 3bc + 3c2-18a2 + 5b2-33ab + 2bc + 12ac =


= -19a2 + 7b2 + 3c2-34ab + 15ac



Question 12.

Simplify the following:

(pq-qr + pr)(pq + qr)−(pr + pq)(p + q−r)


Answer:

We have , (pq-qr + pr)(pq + qr)−(pr + pq)(p + q−r)

(pq-qr + pr)(pq + qr) = (pq + qr)( pq-qr + pr) (using Commutative law)


= pq(pq-qr + pr) + qr( pq-qr + pr) (using distributive law )


= p2q2-pq2r + p2qr + pq2r-q2r2 + pqr2 = p2q2 + p2qr + pqr2-q2r2


(pr + pq)(p + q−r) = pr(p + q-r) + pq(p + q−r) (using distributive law )


= p2r + prq-pr2 + p2q + pq2-prq


= p2r-pr2 + p2q + pq2


(pq-qr + pr)(pq + qr)−(pr + pq)(p + q−r) = p2q2 + p2qr + pqr2-q2r2-( p2r-pr2 + p2q + pq2)


= p2q2 + p2qr + pqr2-q2r2-p2r + pr2-p2q-pq2


Hence, (pq-qr + pr)(pq + qr)−(pr + pq)(p + q−r) = p2q2 + p2qr + pqr2-q2r2-p2r + pr2-p2q-pq2



Question 13.

If a, b, c are positive real numbers such that, find the value of 


Answer:

Given:


 , where a, b, c are positive real numbers


Here, we have 


⇒b(a + b-c) = c(a-b + c)


⇒ab + b2-bc = ac-bc + c2(bc is on both the sides and they get subtracted)


⇒ab + b2 = ac + c2


⇒ab-ac = c2-b2


⇒a(b-c) = (c-b)(c + b)


⇒-a(c-b) = (c + b)(c-b)


⇒-a = (c + b)[Here (c-b) is on both the sides,so when they get divided and the result is 1]


⇒(b + c) = -a(commutative property)


We have , 


⇒a(a-b + c) = b(-a + b + c)


⇒a2-ab + ac = -ab + b2 + bc


⇒a2 + ac = b2 + bc


⇒a2-b2 = bc-ac


⇒(a + b)(a-b) = -c(a-b)


⇒a + b = -c


We have ,


⇒a(a + b-c) = c(-a + b + c)


⇒a2 + ab-ac = -ac + bc + c2


⇒a2 + ab = bc + c2


⇒a2-c2 = bc-ab


⇒(a + c)(a-c) = b(c-a)


⇒(a + c)(a-c) = -b(a-c)


⇒a + c = -b


Therefore, = -1(Here we have substituted the values of (a + b),(b + c),(c + a) from above evaluation)




Exercise 11.4
Question 1.

Select a suitable identity and find the following products

(3k + 4l) (3k + 4l)


Answer:

Given: (3k + 4l) (3k + 4l),it is a product of 2 binomial expressions which have the same terms 3k + 4l and 3k + 4l.

Now when we compare these expressions with the identities, we


find it in the form of (a + b)2,where a = 3k and b = 4l,


The identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2,


Hence, (3k + 4l) (3k + 4l) = (3k + 4l)2 = (3k)2 + 2(3k)(4l) + (4l)2 = 9k2 + 24kl + 16l2



Question 2.

Select a suitable identity and find the following products

(ax2 + by2) (ax2 + by2)


Answer:

Given: (ax2 + by2) (ax2 + by2),it is a product of 2 binomial expressions which have the same terms ax2 + by2 and ax2 + by2.

Now when we compare these expressions with the identities, we


find it in the form of (a + b)2,where a = ax2 and b = by2,


The identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2,


Hence, (ax2 + by2) (ax2 + by2) = (ax2 + by2)2 = (ax2)2 + 2(ax2)(by2) + (by2)2


= a2x4 + 2abx2y2 + b2y4



Question 3.

Select a suitable identity and find the following products

(7d – 9e) (7d – 9e)


Answer:

Given: (7d – 9e) (7d – 9e),it is a product of 2 binomial expressions which have the same terms 7d – 9e and 7d – 9e.

Now when we compare these expressions with the identities, we


find it in the form of (a-b)2,where a = 7d and b = 9e,


The identity (a-b)2 = a2-2ab + b2,


Hence, (7d – 9e) (7d – 9e) = (7d-9e)2 = (7d)2-2(7d)(9e) + (9e)2 = 49d2-126de + 81e2



Question 4.

Select a suitable identity and find the following products

(m2 – n2) (m2 + n2)


Answer:

Given:( m2 – n2) (m2 + n2),it is a product of 2 binomial expressions which have the terms (m2 – n2) and (m2 + n2).

Now when we compare these expressions with the identities, we


find it in the form of (a-b)(a + b),where a = m2 and b = n2,


The identity (a-b)(a + b) = a2-b2,


Hence, (m2 – n2) (m2 + n2) = (m2)2-(n2)2 = m4-n4



Question 5.

Select a suitable identity and find the following products

(3t + 9s) (3t – 9s)


Answer:

Given:(3t + 9s) (3t – 9s),it is a product of 2 binomial expressions which have the terms :(3t + 9s) and (3t – 9s).

Now when we compare these expressions with the identities, we


find it in the form of (a-b)(a + b),where a = 3t and b = 9s,


The identity (a-b)(a + b) = a2-b2,


Hence, (3t + 9s) (3t – 9s) = (3t)2-(9s)2 = 9t2-81s2



Question 6.

Select a suitable identity and find the following products

(kl – mn) (kl + mn)


Answer:

Given:( kl – mn) (kl + mn),it is a product of 2 binomial expressions which have the terms :( kl – mn) and (kl + mn).

Now when we compare these expressions with the identities, we


find it in the form of (a-b)(a + b),where a = kl and b = mn,


The identity (a-b)(a + b) = a2-b2,


Hence, (kl – mn) (kl + mn) = (kl)2-(mn)2



Question 7.

Select a suitable identity and find the following products

(6x + 5) (6x + 6)


Answer:

Given:(6x + 5) (6x + 6),it is a product of 2 binomial expressions which have the terms (6x + 5) and (6x + 6).

Now when we compare these expressions with the identities, we


find it in the form of (x + a)(x + b),where x = 6x and a = 5 and b = 6,


Thus,(x + a)(x + b) = x2 + x(b + a) + ab


Hence, (6x + 5) (6x + 6) = (6x)2 + 6x(5 + 6) + 30 = 12x2 + 66x + 30



Question 8.

Select a suitable identity and find the following products

(2b – a) (2b + c)


Answer:

Given: (2b – a) (2b + c),it is a product of 2 binomial expressions which have the terms (2b – a) (2b + c).

Now when we compare these expressions with the identities, we


find it in the form of (x-a)(x + b),where x = 2b and a = a and b = c,


Thus,(x-a)(x + b) = x2 + bx-ax-ab = x2 + x(b-a)-ab


Hence, (2b – a) (2b + c) = (2b)2 + 2b(c-a)-ac = 4b2 + 2b(c-a)-ac



Question 9.

Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:

3042


Answer:

Given:3042 = (300 + 4)2 = (300)2 + 2(300)(4) + (4)2

= 90000 + 2400 + 16, where a = 300 and b = 4 in the identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2


= 92416



Question 10.

Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:

5092


Answer:

Given: 5092 = (500 + 9)2 = (500)2 + 2(500)(9) + (9)2

= 2500 + 9000 + 81, where a = 500 and b = 9 in the identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2


= 11581



Question 11.

Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:

9922


Answer:

Given: 9922 = (900 + 2)2 = (900)2 + 2(900)(2) + (2)2

= 8100 + 3600 + 4, where a = 900 and b = 2 in the identity (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2


= 11704



Question 12.

Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:

7992


Answer:

Given: 7992 = (800-1)2 = (800)2-2(800)(1) + (1)2

= 6400 + 1600 + 1, where a = 800 and b = 1 in the identity (a-b)2 = a2-2ab + b2


= 8001



Question 13.

Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:

304 × 296


Answer:

Given: 304×296 = (300 + 4)(300-4)

= (300)2-(4)2, where a = 300 and b = 4 in identity (a + b)(a-b) = a2-b2


= 90000-16 = 89984



Question 14.

Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:

83 × 77


Answer:

Given:83×77 = (80 + 3)(80-3)

= (80)2-(3)2,where a = 80 and b = 3 in identity (a + b)(a-b) = a2-b2


= 6400-9 = 6391



Question 15.

Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:

109×108


Answer:

Given:109×108 = (100 + 9)(100 + 8)

= (100)2 + (9 + 8)100 + (9×8),


where x = 100,a = 9 and b = 8 in identity (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab


= 10000 + 1700 + 72


= 11772



Question 16.

Evaluate the following by using suitable identities:

204×206


Answer:

Given: (200 + 4)(200 + 6)

= (200)2 + (4 + 6)200 + (4×6),


where x = 200,a = 4,b = 6 in identity (x + a)(x + b) = x2 + (a + b)x + ab


= 40000 + 2000 + 24


= 42024




Exercise 11.5
Question 1.

Verify the identity (a + b)2 ≡ a2 + 2ab + b2 geometrically by taking

a = 2 units, b = 4 units


Answer:


(a + b)2Ξa2 + 2ab + b2


Draw a square with the side a + b i.e.,2 + 4


L.H.S of the whole square = (2 + 4)2 = (6)2 = 36


R.H.S = Area of the square with 2 units + Area of the square with 4 units +


Area of the 2,4 units + Area of the square with 4 ,2 units = 22 + 42 + 2×4 + 2×4 = 4 + 16 + 8 + 8 = 36


L.H.S = R.H.S


Hence,the identity is verified.



Question 2.

Verify the identity (a + b)2 ≡ a2 + 2ab + b2 geometrically by taking

a = 3 units, b = 1 unit


Answer:


(a + b)2Ξa2 + 2ab + b2


Draw a square with the side a + b i.e.,3 + 1


L.H.S of the whole square = (3 + 1)2 = (4)2 = 16


R.H.S = Area of the square with 3 units + Area of the square with 1 unit +


Area of the 3,1 unit + Area of the square with 1 ,3 units = 32 + 12 + 3×1 + 1×3 = 9 + 1 + 3 + 3 = 16


L.H.S = R.H.S


Hence, the identity is verified.



Question 3.

Verify the identity (a + b)2 ≡ a2 + 2ab + b2 geometrically by taking

a = 5 units, b = 2 unit


Answer:


(a + b)2Ξa2 + 2ab + b2


Draw a square with the side a + b i.e.,5 + 2


L.H.S of the whole square = (5 + 2)2 = (7)2 = 49


R.H.S = Area of the square with 5 units + Area of the square with 2 units +


Area of the 5,2 units + Area of the square with 2 ,5 units = 52 + 22 + 5×2 + 2×5 = 49


L.H.S = R.H.S


Hence,the identity is verified.



Question 4.

Verify the identity (a – b)2 ≡ a2 - 2ab + b2geometrically by taking

a = 3 units, b = 1 unit


Answer:


(a – b)2 ≡ a2 - 2ab + b2


Consider a square with side a.i.e.a = 3


The square is divided into 4 regions.


It consists of 2 squares with sides a-b and b respectively and 2 rectangles with length and breadth as ‘a-b’ and ‘b’ respectively.


Here a = 3 and b = 1.Therefore the 2 squares consist of sides ‘3-1’ and ‘1’ respectively and 2 rectangles with length and breadth as ‘3-1’ and ‘1’ respectively.


Now area of figure I = Area of whole square with side ‘a’ i.e.3 units-Area of figure II


-Area of figure III –Area of figure IV


L.H.S of area of figure I = (3-1)(3-1) = 2(2) = 4 units


R.H.S = Area of whole square with side 3 units-Area of figure II with 1,(3-1)units


-Area of figure III with 1,(3-1) units –Area of figure IV with 1,1 unit = 32-(1×(3-1))-


(1×(3-1))-(1×1) = 4 units


L.H.S = R.H.S


Hence,the identity is verified.



Question 5.

Verify the identity (a – b)2 ≡ a2 - 2ab + b2geometrically by taking

a = 5 units, b = 2 units


Answer:


(a – b)2 ≡ a2 - 2ab + b2


Consider a square with side a.i.e.a = 5


The square is divided into 4 regions.


It consists of 2 squares with sides a-b and b respectively and 2 rectangles with length and breadth as ‘a-b’ and ‘b’ respectively.


Here a = 5 and b = 2.Therefore the 2 squares consist of sides ‘5-2’ and ‘2’ respectively and 2 rectangles with length and breadth as ‘5-2’ and ‘2’ respectively.


Now area of figure I = Area of whole square with side ‘a’ i.e.5 units-Area of figure II


-Area of figure III –Area of figure IV


L.H.S of area of figure I = (5-2)(5-2) = 3(3) = 9 units


R.H.S = Area of whole square with side 5 units-Area of figure II with 2,(5-2)units


-Area of figure III with 2,(5-2) units –Area of figure IV with 2,2 units = 25-(2×3)-


( 2×3)-22 = 25-6-6-4 = 9 units


L.H.S = R.H.S


Hence,the identity is verified.



Question 6.

Verify the identity (a + b) (a – b) ≡ a2 – b2 geometrically by taking

a = 3 units, b = 2 units


Answer:

Remove square from this whose side is ‘b’.(b<a)


Consider a square with side ‘a’.




We get the above figure by removing the square with side ‘b’.It consists of 2 parts


I and II.


So a2-b2 = Area of figure I + Area of figure II = a(a-b) + b(a-b) = (a-b)(a + b)


Thus a2-b2 = (a-b)(a + b).


Here a = 3 units and b = 2 units


So,L.H.S = a2-b2 = 32-22 = 5 units


R.H.S = (a-b)(a + b) = (3-2)(3 + 2) = 1(5) = 5 units


Therefore L.H.S = R.H.S


Hence,the identity is verified.



Question 7.

Verify the identity (a + b) (a – b) ≡ a2 – b2 geometrically by taking

a = 2 units, b = 1 unit


Answer:

Refer the above figure.

Here a2-b2 = Area of figure I + Area of figure II = a(a-b) + b(a-b) = (a-b)(a + b)


Thus a2-b2 = (a-b)(a + b).


Here a = 2 units and b = 1 units


So, L.H.S = a2-b2 = 22-12 = 3 units


R.H.S = (a-b)(a + b) = (2-1)(2 + 1) = 3 units


Therefore L.H.S = R.H.S


Hence,the identity is verified.