1. Bond: A certificate of debt (usually interest‐bearing
or discounted) that is issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money; the bond issuer is required
to pay a fixed sum annually until maturity and then a fixed sum to repay the
principal.
2. Balance sheet: Record of the financial situation of an
institution on a particular date by listing its assets and the claims against those assets.
3. Balance of trade ‐ The part of
a nation's balance of payments that deals with merchandise (or visible) imports
or exports.
4. Closed economy: A closed economy is one in which there are
no foreign trade transactions or any other form of economic contacts with the rest of the world.
5. Deflation: Deflation is the continuous decrease in
prices of goods and services. Deflation occurs when the inflation rate becomes negative (below zero) and stays there for
a longer period.
6. Debenture: Debenture is a loan issued by a firm,
involving g a fixed repayment schedule, in terms of both time and interest.
7. Debit: Money paid out from an account either from
a withdrawal or a transaction that result in decreasing the cash balance.
8. Equity: Equity is a one financial instrument by
which company invite the public to invest their money in the company and investor can become a partner of the
company. Generally, when the company have insufficient money to expand its
business it comes with equity shares.
9. Economic growth ‐ An increase
in the total output of a nation over time. Economic growth is usually measured
as the annual rate of increase in a nation's real GDP
10. Excise Tax ‐ Taxes
imposed on specific goods and services, such as cigarettes and gasoline.
11. Exports ‐ Goods or
services produced in one nation but sold to buyers in another nation.
12. Fiscal policy: Fiscal policy defines the use of
government spending and revenue collection to influence the economy.
13. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Investment of foreign assets directly into
a domestic company's structures, equipment, and organizations. It does not include foreign
investment into the stock markets
14. Foreign Exchange (FOREX): Foreign Exchange (FOREX) is the arena
where a nation's currency is exchanged for that of another.
15. GDP: GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product. It
is a method of measuring the size of economy of a country. We can define as the total market value of all the goods and
services produced in a given period of time in a country.
16. GNP: The total value in money of all finished
good and services produced in an economy in one full year, and all net property income from abroad. The GNP growth rate is
an important economic indicator for country’s economic development.
17. Imports: commodities (goods or services) bought
from a foreign country.
18. Inflation: Inflation is as an increase in the price
of bunch of Goods and services that projects the Indian economy. An increase in inflation figures occurs when there is
more demand and less supply of the goods.
19. Mutual Fund: There are accumulation and collection of
many different types of shares. It is when investors together want to buy securities as a group, this fund can be
called a mutual fund. Each and every investor of this group has a proportional
stake in the shares based on the amount he has
contributed.
20. Monetary policy: It is the process by which the central
bank, or monetary authority of a country controls (i) the supply of money, (ii) availability of money, and
(iii) cost of money or rate of interest.
21. National income ‐
The amount of aggregate income earned by suppliers of resources employed to
produce GNP; net national product plus government subsidies minus
indirect business taxes.
22. Per Capita Income: The total national income divided by the
number of people in the nation, It means the share of each individual when the income from the
productive activities is divided equally among the citizens.
23. Sales tax ‐ Taxes paid
on the goods and services people buy.
24. Stock ‐ A
certificate reflecting ownership of a corporation.
25. Tax: A fee charged by a government on a
product, income, or activity. If tax is levied directly on personal or
corporate income, then it is a direct tax. If tax is levied
on the price of a good or service, then it is called an indirect tax.
26. VAT: VAT is the indirect tax on the consumption
of the goods, paid by its original producers upon the change in goods or upon the transfer of the goods to its ultimate
consumers. It is based on the value of the goods, added by the transferor. It
is the tax in relation to the difference of the value
added by the transferor and not just a profit. All over the world, VAT is
payable on the goods and services as they form a part of
national GDP.
27. Wholesale Price Index (WPI): The Wholesale Price Index (WPI) takes into
account the wholesale prices of identified commodities for calculating rate of
inflation.
