Showing posts with label Chapter 9. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chapter 9. Show all posts

4th Standard Tamil Term 2 Chapter 9 Velaikattra Kuli Lesson

рокро░ுро╡роо் 2 роЗропро▓் 9 | 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤்

ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХேро▒்ро▒ роХூро▓ி

4th Tamil : Term 2 Chapter 9 : Velaikattra kuli
9. ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХேро▒்ро▒ роХூро▓ி
ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХேро▒்ро▒ роХூро▓ி рокாроЯроо் рокроЯроо் 1

роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░், роЪிро▒рои்род рооுро▒ைропிро▓் роЖроЯ்роЪி роЪெроп்родுро╡рои்родாро░். роЕро╡ро░родு роиாроЯ்роЯிро▓் роороХ்роХро│் роЕройைро╡ро░ுроо் роороХிро┤்роЪ்роЪிропாроХ ро╡ாро┤்рои்родாро░்роХро│். роорой்ройро░ிрой் рокுроХро┤், роЕрог்роЯை роиாроЯுроХро│ுроХ்роХுроо் рокро░ро╡ிропродு. роЕрог்роЯை роиாроЯுроХро│ுро│் роТрой்ро▒ாрой роЗро░род்родிройрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░ுроо் роЗродройைроХ் роХேро│்ро╡ிрок்рокроЯ்роЯாро░். родроо் роиாроЯ்роЯு роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்роХро│ிроЯроо் роЗродைрок்рокро▒்ро▒ி роЖро▓ோроЪройை роироЯрод்родிройாро░்.

"роиாройுроо் роЪிро▒рои்род рооுро▒ைропிро▓்родாройே роЖроЯ்роЪி роироЯрод்родுроХிро▒ேрой். роЖройாро▓், роОрой்ройை роороЯ்роЯுроо் роПрой் ропாро░ுроо் рокுроХро┤ро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை?" роОрой்ро▒ு роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்роХро│ிроЯроо் ро╡ிройро╡ிройாро░். роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்роХро│் ро╡ிроЯை роХூро▒род் родெро░ிропாрооро▓் ро╡ிро┤ிрод்родройро░். роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ுро│் роТро░ுро╡ро░் роороЯ்роЯுроо் роОро┤ுрои்родாро░். "роорой்ройா, роЙроЩ்роХро│் роЖроЯ்роЪிропிро▓் роироо் роиாроЯ்роЯு роороХ்роХро│ுроХ்роХுроо் роОрои்родроХ் роХுро▒ைропுроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ை. роЖройாро▓்...." роОрой்ро▒ு рооெро▓்ро▓ிроп роХுро░ро▓ிро▓் роХூро▒ி, роиிро▒ுрод்родிройாро░் роЕрои்род роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்.

ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХேро▒்ро▒ роХூро▓ி рокாроЯроо் рокроЯроо் 2

"роОрой்рой роЖройாро▓். роЪொро▓்ро▓ுроЩ்роХро│் роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░ே, роиாрой் роороХ்роХро│ை роороХிро┤்роЪ்роЪிропாроХ ро╡ைрод்родிро░ுроХ்роХро╡ிро▓்ро▓ைропா? роиாрой் ро╡ேро▒ெрой்рой роЪெроп்ропро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ு роОродிро░்рокாро░்роХ்роХிро▒ீро░்роХро│்?" роОрой்ро▒ு роХேроЯ்роЯாрой் роорой்ройрой்.

"роиாрой் роЪொро▓்ро╡родைрод் родро╡ро▒ாроХ роиிройைроХ்роХாродீро░்роХро│். роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роиாроЯ்роЯுроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ு, роТро░ுроиாро│் рооுро┤ுро╡родுроо் роЕрои்род роиாроЯ்роЯு роорой்ройро░ுроЯрой் роиீроЩ்роХро│் роЙроЯройிро░ுроХ்роХро╡ேрог்роЯுроо். роЕро╡ро░், родроо் роиாроЯ்роЯிро▓ுро│்ро│ роТро╡்ро╡ொро░ு роХுроЯிроороХ்роХро│ிроЯрооுроо் роОрок்рокроЯி роироЯрои்родு роХொро│்роХிрой்ро▒ாро░் роОрой்ро▒ு роЕро▒ிрои்родுроХொрог்роЯாро▓், роиாрооுроо் роЕро╡ро▒்ро▒ுро│் роЪிро▓ро╡ро▒்ро▒ைропாро╡родு рокிрой்рокро▒்ро▒ро▓ாроо் роорой்ройா" роОрой்ро▒ு роТро░ே рооூроЪ்роЪிро▓் роХூро▒ி рооுроЯிрод்родாро░் роЕрои்род роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்.

рооро▒்ро▒ роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்роХро│ுроо், роЖрооாроо் роорой்ройா, роЗро╡ро░் роЪொро▓்ро╡родுроо் роиро▓்ро▓ ропோроЪройைродாрой். роЕродுроороЯ்роЯுрооிрой்ро▒ி, роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░், роЙроЩ்роХро│ிроЯроо் рооிроХுрои்род роироЯ்рокு рокாро░ாроЯ்роЯுрокро╡ро░். роЖроХைропாро▓், роироЯ்рокிрой் роиிрооிрод்родрооாроХ роиீроЩ்роХро│் роТро░ுроиாро│் роЕроЩ்роХுроЪ் роЪெро▓்ро▓ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்рокродுродாрой் роОроЩ்роХро│ுроЯைроп роХро░ுрод்родு роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ிройро░்.

"роЕрок்рокроЯிропா? роЪро░ி, роЪро░ி. роиாрой் роиாро│ைроХ்роХே рокுро▒рок்рокроЯுроХிро▒ேрой். роОройроХ்роХுроо் роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░ிрой் роЖроЯ்роЪிрооுро▒ைропை роиேро░роЯிропாроХроХ் роХாрог்рокродро▒்роХு роТро░ு ро╡ாроп்рок்рокு роХிроЯைроХ்роХுрооро▓்ро▓ро╡ா?" роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ிроп роЗро░род்родிройрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░், родроо் рокропрогрод்родிро▒்роХுрод் родேро╡ைропாрой роПро▒்рокாроЯுроХро│ைроЪ் роЪெроп்роп роХроЯ்роЯро│ைропிроЯ்роЯாро░்.

роироЯ்рокிрой் роиிрооிрод்родрооாроХрод் родроо் роиாроЯ்роЯிро▒்роХு ро╡ро░ுроХை рокுро░ிрои்род роЗро░род்родிройрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░ை роЖро░род்родро┤ுро╡ி ро╡ро░ро╡ேро▒்ро▒ாро░் роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░். роЗро░ுро╡ро░ுроо் родрод்родроородு роиாроЯ்роЯைрок் рокро▒்ро▒ிроЪ் роЪிро▒ிродுроиேро░роо் рокேроЪிроХ்роХொрог்роЯிро░ுрои்родройро░். рокிрой்ройро░், "роиீроЩ்роХро│் роирой்ро▒ாроХ роУроп்ро╡ெроЯுроЩ்роХро│். роиாрой் роЕро░роЪро╡ைроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ு ро╡ро░ுроХிро▒ேрой்" роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ிропро╡ாро▒ே роОро┤ுрои்родாро░் роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░். "роЗро░ுроЩ்роХро│், роорой்ройா. роиாройுроо் роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроЯройே роЕро░роЪро╡ைроХ்роХு ро╡ро░ ро╡ிро░ுроо்рокுроХிро▒ேрой்" роОрой்ро▒ு родுро│்ро│ிроХ் роХுродிрод்родு роОро┤ுрои்родாро░் роЗро░род்родிройрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░். "роЕрок்рокроЯிропா, рооிроХ்роХ роороХிро┤்роЪ்роЪி. ро╡ாро░ுроЩ்роХро│், роЗро░ுро╡ро░ுроо் роЪேро░்рои்родே рокோроХро▓ாроо்" роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ிроп роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░், роЕро╡ро░ைропுроо் роЙроЯрой் роЕро┤ைрод்родுроХ்роХொрог்роЯு роЕро░роЪро╡ைроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ாро░்.

роЕро░роЪро╡ைропிро▓் роЗро░род்родிройрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░ை роЕройைро╡ро░ுроХ்роХுроо் роЕро▒ிрооுроХроо் роЪெроп்родு, роЕро╡ро░ைрод் родроороХ்роХுроЪ் роЪроорооாрой роЗро░ுроХ்роХைропிро▓் роЕрооро░்род்родிройாро░் роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░். роЕрок்рокோродு, роТро░ுро╡рой், родрой் роХைроХро│ைроХ் роХроЯ்роЯிроХ்роХொрог்роЯு роЕро╡ро░்рооுрой்рокு рокрогிро╡ாроХ ро╡рои்родுроиிрой்ро▒ாрой். роЕро╡ройைрок் рокாро░்род்родродுроо் роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░், "ропாро░рок்рокா роиீ? роЙройроХ்роХு роОрой்рой ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо்?" роОрой்ро▒ு роХேроЯ்роЯாро░்.

роЕродро▒்роХு роЕрои்род роЖро│், "роорой்ройா, роиாрой் роТро░ு ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯி. роОрой் рооройрод்родிро▓் роЪிро▒ிропродாроХ роТро░ு роХுро▒ை. роЙроЩ்роХро│ிроЯроо் роХூро▒ிройாро▓், роОрок்рокроЯி роОроЯுрод்родுроХ் роХொро│்ро╡ீро░்роХро│ோ роОрой்ро▒ு рокропрооாроХ роЗро░ுрои்родродு. роЗро░ுрои்родாро▓ுроо் роЙроЩ்роХро│ிроЯроо் роХேроЯ்роЯுро╡ிроЯро▓ாроо் роОрой்ро▒ுродாрой் роЗроЩ்роХு ро╡рои்родிро░ுроХ்роХிро▒ேрой்" роОрой்ро▒ாрой் роЕрои்род ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯி.

"роЕроЯроЯா, роиாроо் роЗродை. ... роЗродைрод்родாройே роОродிро░்рокாро░்род்родோроо். роЗрои்род роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░் роЗрои்род ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯிропிрой் роХுро▒ைропை роОрок்рокроЯிрод் родீро░்род்родு ро╡ைроХ்роХிро▒ாро░் роОрой்ро▒ு рокாро░்рок்рокோроо்" роОрой்ро▒ு роЖро╡ро▓ுроЯрой் роЙро▒்ро▒ுроиோроХ்роХрод் родொроЯроЩ்роХிройாро░் роЗро░род்родிройрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░்.

'роРропா, ро╡ிро▒роХு ро╡ெроЯ்роЯுрокро╡ро░ே, роЙроЩ்роХро│் рооройроХ்роХுро▒ைропைроЪ் роЪொро▓்ро▓ுроЩ்роХро│். роОрой்ройாро▓் рооுроЯிрои்родроЕро│ро╡ு родீро░்род்родு ро╡ைроХ்роХிро▒ேрой்" роОрой்ро▒ роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░்.

"роорой்ройா, роОроЩ்роХро│ைрок் рокோрой்ро▒ோро░்роХ்роХு роиாро│்родோро▒ுроо் роЗро░рог்роЯு ро░ூрокாроп் роХூро▓ி роХொроЯுроХ்роХிро▒ீро░்роХро│். роЖройாро▓், роЙроЩ்роХро│ிроЯроо் рокрогிрокுро░ிропுроо் роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роороЯ்роЯுроо் рооாродроо் роЖропிро░роо் ро░ூрокாроп் роХொроЯுроХ்роХிро▒ீро░்роХро│ே, роЗродு роОрои்род ро╡роХைропிро▓் роиிропாропрооாроХுроо்? роЗродுродாрой் роЙроЩ்роХро│ிрой் роЪிро▒рои்род роЖроЯ்роЪிрооுро▒ைропா? роОроЩ்роХро│ைроЪ் роЪроорооாроХ роироЯрод்родாродродு рооிроХрок்рокெро░ிроп роХுро▒ைропாроХ роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХுрод் родோрой்ро▒ро╡ிро▓்ро▓ைропா? роОрой்ро▒ு роЕроЯுроХ்роХроЯுроХ்роХாроХроХ் роХேро│்ро╡ி роХேроЯ்роЯாрой் роЕрои்род ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯி.

роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░் рокுрой்рооுро▒ுро╡ро▓ுроЯрой், "роОрой் роЖроЯ்роЪிропிро▓் ропாро░ுроХ்роХுроо் роОрои்родроХ் роХுро▒ைропுроо் роЗро░ுроХ்роХроХ்роХூроЯாродு роОрой்рокродிро▓் роиாрой் рооிроХро╡ுроо் роХро╡ройрооாроХрод்родாрой் роЗро░ுроХ்роХிро▒ேрой். роЖройாро▓், роЙроЩ்роХро│் рооройроХ்роХுро▒ைропிрой்рокроЯி роЙроЩ்роХро│ைропுроо் роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்роХро│ைропுроо் роиாрой் роЪроорооாроХ роироЯрод்родро╡ிро▓்ро▓ை роОрой்ро▒ு роОрог்рогுроХிро▒ீро░்роХро│். роХொроЮ்роЪроо் рокொро▒ுроЩ்роХро│். роЙроЩ்роХро│் роРропрод்родை роЗрок்рокோродே родீро░்род்родு ро╡ைроХ்роХிро▒ேрой்' роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ிроп роорой்ройро░், роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்роХро│ுро│் роТро░ுро╡ро░ை роЕро┤ைрод்родாро░். рокிрой்ройро░், роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ிро░ுро╡ро░ைропுроо் рокாро░்род்родு, роЕро░рог்рооройைроХ்роХு ро╡ெро│ிропே роПродாро╡родு ро╡рог்роЯி роЪெро▓்роХிро▒родா? роОрой்ро▒ு рокாро░்род்родுро╡ிроЯ்роЯு ро╡ாро░ுроЩ்роХро│்" роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ிройாро░்.

роЗро░род்родிройрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░் роЕро░роЪро╡ைропிро▓் роироЯрок்рокродை роЕрооைродிропாроХрок் рокாро░்род்родுроХ் роХொрог்роЯிро░ுрои்родாро░். ро╡ெро│ிропிро▓் роЪெрой்ро▒ ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯி, роЙроЯройே родிро░ுроо்рокி ро╡рои்родு, "роЖроо். роорой்ройா, роЕро░рог்рооройைроХ்роХு ро╡ெро│ிропே роТро░ு ро╡рог்роЯி роЪெро▓்роХிро▒родு" роОрой்ро▒ாрой்.

"роЕрои்род ро╡рог்роЯிропிро▓் роОрой்рой роЗро░ுроХ்роХிро▒родு?" роОрой்ро▒ு роХேроЯ்роЯாро░், роорой்ройро░். "роЗро░ுроЩ்роХро│், роорой்ройா. роЗродோ рокாро░்род்родுро╡ிроЯ்роЯு ро╡ро░ுроХிро▒ேрой்" роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ிропро╡ாро▒ே роУроЯрод் родொроЯроЩ்роХிройாрой் роЕрои்род ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯி. ро╡ெро│ிропிро▓் роЪெрой்ро▒ிро░ுрои்род роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░் роЕрок்рокோродு роЕро░роЪро╡ைропிройுро│் роиுро┤ைрои்родாро░். роЕро╡ро░ைрок் рокாро░்род்род роорой்ройро░்,"роРропா, ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯி. роЪро▒்ро▒ு роиிро▓்ро▓ுроЩ்роХро│். роЗродோ роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░் ро╡рои்родுро╡ிроЯ்роЯாро░். роЙроЩ்роХро│ிроЯроо் роХேроЯ்роЯ роЕродே роХேро│்ро╡ிропை роЕро╡ро░ிроЯрооுроо் роХேроЯ்роХிро▒ேрой். роОрой்рой роЪொро▓்роХிро▒ாро░் роОрой்ро▒ு рокாро░்рок்рокோроо்" роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ிроп роорой்ройро░், "роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░ே, роиீроЩ்роХро│் роОрой்рой рокாро░்род்родீро░்роХро│்? роЪொро▓்ро▓ுроЩ்роХро│்" роОрой்ро▒ாро░்.

ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХேро▒்ро▒ роХூро▓ி рокாроЯроо் рокроЯроо் 3

роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░ுроо் роорой்ройро░ைрок் рокாро░்род்родு, "роорой்ройா, роЕро░рог்рооройைроХ்роХு ро╡ெро│ிропே рооுрок்рокродு роиெро▓்рооூроЯ்роЯைроХро│் роПро▒்ро▒ிроп ро╡рог்роЯிропொрой்ро▒ு, ро╡ро│ро╡ройூро░ிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு роЕрог்роЯை роиாроЯ்роЯுроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ு роХொрог்роЯிро░ுроХ்роХிро▒родு. роироо் роиாроЯ்роЯிро▓் родропாро░ாрой родро░рооாрой роиெро▓்ро╡роХைроХро│் роЕрои்род рооூроЯ்роЯைроХро│ிро▓் роЙро│்ро│рой. ро╡рог்роЯிропிро▓் ро╡рог்роЯிропோроЯ்роЯிропுроо் роЕро╡ро░ிрой் рокрод்родு ро╡ропродு роороХройுроо் роЙро│்ро│ройро░். рооро┤ை ро╡ро░ுро╡родро▒்роХுро│் роиெро▓்рооூроЯ்роЯைроХро│ைрок் рокாродுроХாрок்рокாроХ роЗро▒роХ்роХிро╡ிроЯ்роЯு, роЗрой்ро▒ு роЗро░ро╡ுроХ்роХுро│் рооீрог்роЯுроо் ро╡ро│ро╡ройூро░் родிро░ுроо்рокிро╡ிроЯ ро╡ேрог்роЯுрооெрой ро╡ிро░ைрои்родு роЪெро▓்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░்" роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ி рооுроЯிрод்родாро░் роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்.

роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░் роХூро▒ிропродைроХ் роХேроЯ்роЯு, ро╡ாроп் рокிро│рои்родு роиிрой்ро▒ாрой் роЕрои்род ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯி. роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░், ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯிропைрок் рокாро░்род்родு, "роРропா, ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯி, роЙроЩ்роХро│் рооройрод்родிро▓ிро░ுрои்род роЪрои்родேроХроо் роЗрок்рокோродு роиீроЩ்роХிропிро░ுроХ்роХுроо் роОрой்ро▒ு роОрог்рогுроХிро▒ேрой். роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░ுроХ்роХு роиாрой் роХொроЯுроХ்роХுроо் роХூро▓ி роЪро░ிропாройродுродாройே? роЗрок்рокோродு роЪொро▓்ро▓ுроЩ்роХро│்" роОрой்ро▒ு роХூро▒ிройாро░்.

роорой்ройா роОрой் рооройроХ்роХுро▒ை роиீроЩ்роХிро╡ிроЯ்роЯродு. роЙроЩ்роХро│ைрок்рокро▒்ро▒ிрод் родро╡ро▒ாроХ роОрог்рогிро╡ிроЯ்роЯேрой். роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░ிрой் роЕро▒ிро╡ுроХ்роХூро░்рооைропைропுроо் роЕро╡ро░ுроЯைроп родிро▒рооைропைропுроо் роХрог்роЯுро╡ிропроХ்роХிро▒ேрой். роЕро╡ро░ுроЯрой் роТрок்рокிроЯுроо்рокோродு, роОрой் роЕро▒ிропாрооைропைропுроо் роиாрой்роЙрогро░்рои்родு роХொрог்роЯேрой். роиாрой், роиாрой்родாрой். роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░், роЕрооைроЪ்роЪро░்родாроо். роЕро╡ро░ро╡ро░் родிро▒рооைроХ்роХேро▒்ро▒, ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХேро▒்ро▒ роХூро▓ி роХொроЯுрок்рокродுродாрой் роиிропாропроо் роОрой்рокродைрок் рокுро░ிрои்родு роХொрог்роЯேрой்" роОрой்ро▒ாрой் роЕрои்род ро╡ிро▒роХுро╡ெроЯ்роЯி.

роЗро╡்ро╡ро│ро╡ு роиேро░рооாроХ роЕро░роЪро╡ைропிро▓் роироЯрои்род роиிроХро┤்ро╡ுроХро│ைрок் рокாро░்род்родுроХ் роХொрог்роЯிро░ுрои்род роЗро░род்родிройрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░் родроо் рооройрод்родுроХ்роХுро│், "роЕроЯроЯா роиாроо்роХூроЯ роЗрои்род роорой்ройро░ுроХ்роХுроХ் роХிроЯைрод்род рокேро░ுроо்рокுроХро┤ுроо் роОрог்рогிрок் рокொро▒ாрооை роХொрог்роЯோрооே, роЗрок்рокோродு роЙрог்рооைропை роЙрогро░்рои்родுроХொро│்ро│ роироороХ்роХுроо் роиро▓்ро▓родொро░ு ро╡ாроп்рок்рокு роХிроЯைрод்родродு" роОрой்ро▒ு роЕро┤роХாрокுро░ி роорой்ройро░் родроо் роХுроЯிроороХ்роХро│ிроЯроо் роироЯрои்родுроХொрог்роЯ роЕрогுроХுрооுро▒ைропை роОрог்рогி ро╡ிропрок்рокெроп்родிройாро░். родாрооுроо் родроо் роХுроЯிроороХ்роХро│ை роОро╡்ро╡ாро▒ு роироЯрод்родро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்рокродைропுроо் роЕро▒ிрои்родுроХொрог்роЯாро░்.

Tags : Term 2 Chapter 9 | 4th Tamil рокро░ுро╡роо் 2 роЗропро▓் 9 | 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤். 4th Tamil : Term 2 Chapter 9 : Velaikattra kuli : Velaikattra kuli Term 2 Chapter 9 | 4th Tamil in Tamil : 4th Standard Tamil Medium School Samacheer Book Back Questions and answers, Important Question with Answer. 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤் : рокро░ுро╡роо் 2 роЗропро▓் 9 : ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХேро▒்ро▒ роХூро▓ி : ро╡ேро▓ைроХ்роХேро▒்ро▒ роХூро▓ி - рокро░ுро╡роо் 2 роЗропро▓் 9 | 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤் : 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு рокுрод்родроХроо் роХேро│்ро╡ிроХро│் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் рокродிро▓்роХро│்.

4th Standard Tamil Term 1 Chapter 9 Karihalan Kattiya Kallanai Question Answer

рокро░ுро╡роо் 1 роЗропро▓் 9

роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роХроЯ்роЯிроп роХро▓்ро▓рогை: роХேро│்ро╡ிроХро│் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் рокродிро▓்роХро│்

4th Tamil : Term 1 Chapter 9 : Karihalan kattiya kallanai

ро╡ாроЩ்роХ рокேроЪро▓ாроо்

роХро▓்ро▓рогை рокроЯроо்

1. роХро▓்ро▓рогை рокро▒்ро▒ி роЙройроХ்роХுрод் родெро░ிрои்род роЪெроп்родிроХро│ை роЙрой் роЪொрои்род роироЯைропிро▓் роХூро▒ு.

(i) роХро▓்ро▓рогைропிрой் роиீро│роо் 1080 роЕроЯி, роЕроХро▓роо் 66 роЕроЯி, роЙропро░роо் 18 роЕроЯிропாроХுроо். роЗродு роиெро│ிрои்родு ро╡ро│ைрои்род роЕрооைрок்рокுроЯрой் роХாрогрок்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு.

(ii) роХро▓்ро▓ுроо் роХро│ிроорог்рогுроо் роороЯ்роЯுрооே роЪேро░்рои்род роУро░் роЕрооைрок்рокு. 1900 роЖрог்роЯுроХро│ுроХ்роХு рооேро▓ாроХ роХாро╡ிро░ி ро╡ெро│்ро│род்родைрод் родроЯுрод்родு роиிро▒ுрод்родி ро╡ро░ுро╡родு роЕродிроЪропроо் роЖроХுроо். 1839-роЗро▓் роЕрогைропிрой் рооீродு рокாро▓роо் роТрой்ро▒ு роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு.

(iii) рокро▓ роЗроЯроЩ்роХро│ிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு родிройрои்родோро▒ுроо் роПро░ாро│рооாройோро░் роЗро╡்ро╡рогைропைроХ் роХாрог ро╡ро░ுро╡родாро▓், роЗродு роТро░ு роЪுро▒்ро▒ுро▓ாрод் родро▓рооாроХро╡ுроо் ро╡ிро│роЩ்роХுроХிро▒родு.

(iv) роЗроирод் роЕрогைропைроХ் роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роОрой்ро▒ роЪோро┤роорой்ройрой் роХроЯ்роЯிройாрой். родро▒்рокோродுро│்ро│ роЕрогைроХро│ிро▓் роХро▓்ро▓рогைропே рооிроХ рокро┤рооைропாройродு роОройро╡ுроо், родро▒்рокோродு рокுро┤роХ்роХрод்родிро▓் роЙро│்ро│родு роОройро╡ுроо் роЕро▒ிропрок்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு. роЗродுро╡ே роЙро▓роХிрой் рооிроХрок்рокро┤рооைропாрой роиீро░்рок்рокாроЪройрод்родிроЯ்роЯроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо் роХூро▒рок்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு.

(v) роЗро╡்ро╡рогை родроЮ்роЪாро╡ூро░் рооாро╡роЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓் роЙро│்ро│родு. рокூродро▓ூро░் ро╡роЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ родோроХூро░் роХோро╡ிро▓роЯி роХிро░ாроород்родிро▓் роЕрооைрои்родுро│்ро│родு. роЖроЩ்роХிро▓ேропро░் роЖроЯ்роЪிропிро▓் рооேро▓рогை роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு. роХро▓்ро▓рогைропைрок் рокро▒்ро▒ிроп роЪெроп்родி роЪроЩ்роХ роЗро▓роХ்роХிропроЩ்роХро│ிро▓் роХூро▒рок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│рой.

2. роЙроородு роКро░ிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ рооிроХрок் рокро┤ைрооைропாрой роЗроЯроо் роОродு? роЕродுрокро▒்ро▒ி ро╡роХுрок்рокро▒ைропிро▓் роХро▓рои்родுро░ைропாроЯுроХ.

роХро▓ை : рокாрог்роЯி! роироородு роКро░ிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ рооிроХрок்рокро┤рооைропாрой роЗроЯроо் роОрой்ро▒ு роОродை роиிройைроХ்роХிро▒ாроп்?

ро╡ிрооро▓் : роородுро░ை рооீройாроЯ்роЪிропроо்роорой் роХோро╡ிро▓் родாрой் роОрой்ро▒ு роиிройைроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ேрой்.

роХро▓ை : роЪро░ி, роХோро╡ிро▓ைрок்рокро▒்ро▒ி роЙройроХ்роХு роПродாро╡родு родெро░ிропுрооா?

ро╡ிрооро▓் : родெро░ிропுрооே. роородுро░ை рооீройாроЯ்роЪி роЪுрои்родро░ேроЪுро╡ро░ро░் роХோропிро▓் роОрой்рокродு ро╡ைроХை роЖро▒்ро▒ிрой் роХро░ைропிро▓் роЕрооைрои்родுро│்ро│ роХோропிро▓் роироХро░рооாрой роородுро░ைропிрой் роород்родிропிро▓் роЕрооைрои்родுро│்ро│ роЪிро╡ாро▓ропрооாроХுроо். роЗроЪ்роЪிро╡ாро▓ропрод்родிрой் рооூро▓ро╡ро░் роЪுрои்родро░ேроЪுро╡ро░ро░் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роЕроо்рокிроХை рооீройாроЯ்роЪிропроо்роорой். роЗроХ்роХோропிро▓ை роородுро░ை рооீройாроЯ்роЪிропроо்роорой் роХோропிро▓் роОрой்ро▒ுроо் роЕро┤ைроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░்.

роХро▓ை : роЖрооாроо், роЗроХ்роХோропிро▓ே родрооிро┤роХрод்родிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ 366 рооீройாроЯ்роЪி роЪுрои்родро░ேроЪுро╡ро░ро░் роХோропிро▓்роХро│ிрой் рооூро▓роХோропிро▓ாроХ роЙро│்ро│родு.

ро╡ிрооро▓் : роЗроХ்роХோропிро▓் родிро░ாро╡ிроЯроХ் роХроЯ்роЯроХ்роХро▓ைроХ்роХு роУро░் роОроЯுрод்родுроХ்роХாроЯ்роЯாро╡ுроо் ро╡ிро│роЩ்роХுроХிро▒родு. 2000 роЖрог்роЯுроХро│் родொрой்рооை ро╡ாроп்рои்родродாроХро╡ுроо் роХро░ுродрок்рокроЯுроХிрой்ро▒родு.

роХро▓ை : родேро╡ро▓ோроХрод்родிрой் роЕро░роЪройாрой роЗрои்родிро░ройாро▓் роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு роОрой்рокродு роироо்рокிроХ்роХைропாроХ роЙро│்ро│родு.

роХро▓ை : роЗроХ்роХோропிро▓் 15 роПроХ்роХро░் рокро░рок்рокро│ро╡ிро▓் роЕрооைрои்родுро│்ро│родு. роОроЯ்роЯு роХோрокுро░роЩ்роХро│ைропுроо் роЗро░рог்роЯு ро╡ிрооாройроЩ்роХро│ைропுроо் роЙроЯைропродு. роЗроЩ்роХுро│்ро│ роХро░ுро╡ро▒ை ро╡ிрооாройроЩ்роХро│், роЗрои்родிро░ ро╡ிрооாройроо் роОрой்ро▒ு роЕро┤ைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு. 32 роЪிроЩ்роХроЩ்роХро│ுроо், 64 роЪிро╡роХрогроЩ்роХро│ுроо் 8 ро╡ெро│்ро│ை ропாройைроХро│ுроо் роЗрои்род роХро░ுро╡ро▒ை ро╡ிрооாройроЩ்роХро│ைрод் родாроЩ்роХுроХிрой்ро▒рой.

ро╡ிрооро▓் : роЗроХ்роХோропிро▓் роХிро┤роХ்роХு рооேро▒்роХாроХ 847 роЕроЯிропுроо், родெро▒்роХு ро╡роЯроХ்роХாроХ 792 роЕроЯிропுроо் роЙроЯைропродு. роЗроХ்роХோропிро▓ிрой் роЖроЯி ро╡ீродிроХро│ிро▓் роиாрой்роХு рокுро▒рооுроо் роТрой்рокродு роиிро▓ைроХро│ை роЙроЯைроп роиாрой்роХு роХோрокுро░роЩ்роХро│் рооிроХ роЙропро░்рои்род роиிро▓ைропிро▓் роЗро░ுроХ்роХிро▒родு.

роХро▓ை : роЕро╡ро▒்ро▒ுро│் родெро▒்роХுроХ் роХோрокுро░роо் рооிроХ роЙропро░рооாройродாроХுроо். роЗродрой் роЙропро░роо் 160 роЕроЯிропாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХிро▒родு.

ро╡ிрооро▓் : роЙрог்рооைропிро▓ேропே роЗроХ்роХро▓рои்родுро░ைропாроЯро▓் рооிроХро╡ுроо் рокропройுро│்ро│родாроХ роЕрооைрои்родுро│்ро│родு. роирой்ро▒ி рокாрог்роЯி!

роЪிрои்родிроХ்роХро▓ாрооா!

роЪிрои்родிроХ்роХро▓ாрооா

роХோроЯைроХ்роХாро▓роЩ்роХро│ிро▓் роиீро░்рок்рокро▒்ро▒ாроХ்роХுро▒ை роПро▒்рокроЯроХ் роХாро░рогроо் роОрой்рой?

роХோроЯைроХ்роХாро▓роЩ்роХро│ிро▓் роиீро░்рок்рокро▒்ро▒ாроХ்роХுро▒ை роПро▒்рокроЯроХ்роХாро░рогроо், роХோроЯைроХ் роХாро▓роЩ்роХро│ிро▓் рооро┤ை рокொро┤ிро╡родு роЗро▓்ро▓ை. роЕродройாро▓் роиீро░்роиிро▓ைроХро│ிро▓் роиீро░் ро╡ро▒்ро▒ி ро╡ிроЯுроХிро▒родு ро╡ро▒рог்роЯுроо் рокோроп் ро╡ிроЯுроХிро▒родு. роЗрои்род роиேро░роЩ்роХро│ிро▓் родாрой் роЕродிроХрооாроХ роиீро░்рок்рокро▒்ро▒ாроХ்роХுро▒ை роПро▒்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு. рооройிродройிрой் рокேро░ாроЪைропாро▓ுроо் роиீро░் роЪுро░рог்роЯрок்рокроЯுро╡родாро▓ுроо் роиீро░்рок்рокро▒்ро▒ாроХ்роХுро▒ை роПро▒்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு. рокெро░ுроо்рокாро▓ாрой роЖро▒ுроХро│், роХுро│роЩ்роХро│், роПро░ிроХро│் родூро░்ро╡ாро░рок்рокроЯாрооро▓் роЗро░ுрок்рокродுроо் роХாро░рогрооாроХுроо். роЗроЩ்роХு роЕродிроХрооாрой роиீро░்роиிро▓ைроХро│் роЗро▓்ро▓ாродродுроо் роЗро░ுрок்рокродை рооுро▒ைропாроХ рокро░ாрооро░ிроХ்роХாрооро▓் ро╡ிроЯ்роЯродாро▓ுроо் рокро▒்ро▒ாроХ்роХுро▒ை роПро▒்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு.

роиீро░்рок்рокро▒்ро▒ாроХ்роХுро▒ைропைрок் рокோроХ்роХ роОрой்рой роЪெроп்ро╡ாроп்?

роиீро░்рок்рокро▒்ро▒ாроХ்роХுро▒ைропைрок் рокோроХ்роХ рокро▓ роЕрогைроХро│் роХроЯ்роЯро▓ாроо். роЖро▒்ро▒ிрой் роХுро▒ுроХ்роХே рокро▓ родроЯுрок்рокрогைроХро│ைроХ் роХроЯ்роЯро▓ாроо். роиீро░்роиிро▓ைроХро│ைроХ் роХோроЯைроХ்роХாро▓роЩ்роХро│ிро▓் рооுро▒ைропாроХ родூро░்ро╡ாро░ி рокро░ாрооро░ிрод்родு, рооро┤ைроХ்роХாро▓роЩ்роХро│ிро▓் роЕродிроХ роиீро░ை роЪேроХро░ிрод்родு ро╡ைроХ்роХро▓ாроо். рокுродிроп рокுродிроп роиீро░்роиிро▓ைроХро│ை роЙро░ுро╡ாроХ்роХி роиீро░ைроЪ் роЪேрооிрод்родு роиிро▓род்родроЯி роиீро░ைропுроо் роЙропро░்род்родро▓ாроо். роЗро░ுроХ்роХிрой்ро▒ роиீро░ை рооுро▒ைропாроХрок் рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்род ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо்.

рокроЯிрок்рокோроо்! роЪிрои்родிрок்рокோроо்! роОро┤ுродுро╡ோроо்!

роЪро░ிропாрой рокро┤род்родைрод் родேро░்рои்родெроЯுроХ்роХ

роЪро░ிропாрой рокро┤роо்

1. родுропро░роо் роЗроЪ்роЪொро▓் роХுро▒ிроХ்роХுроо் рокொро░ுро│் — родுрой்рокроо்

2. ро╡ிропрод்родроХு роЗроЪ்роЪொро▓் роХுро▒ிроХ்роХுроо் рокொро░ுро│் — роЖроЪ்роЪро░ிропроо் родро░ுроо்

3. рооுро▒ிропроЯிрод்родு роЗроЪ்роЪொро▓் роХுро▒ிроХ்роХுроо் рокொро░ுро│் — родроХро░்род்родு

4. роЪூро┤்роЪ்роЪி роЗроЪ்роЪொро▓் роХுро▒ிроХ்роХுроо் рокொро░ுро│் — родрои்родிро░роо்

роЪро░ிропாрой роЪொро▓்ро▓ைрод் родெро░ிро╡ு роЪெроп்родு роОро┤ுродுро╡ோрооா?

1. рокெро░ுро╡ெро│்ро│роо் роЗроЪ்роЪொро▓்ро▓ைрок் рокிро░ிрод்родு роОро┤ுродроХ் роХிроЯைрок்рокродு

роЕ) рокெро░ுрооை + ро╡ெро│்ро│роо்

роЖ) рокெро░ு + ро╡ெро│்ро│роо்

роЗ) рокெро░ு + ро╡ுро│்ро│роо்

роИ) рокெро░ிроп + ро╡ெро│்ро│роо்

ро╡ிроЯை : роЕ) рокெро░ுрооை + ро╡ெро│்ро│роо்

2. родроЩ்роХிропிро░ுрои்род роЗроЪ்роЪொро▓்ро▓ைрок் рокிро░ிрод்родு роОро┤ுродроХ் роХிроЯைрок்рокродு

роЕ) родроЩ்роХி + роЗро░ுрои்род

роЖ) родроЩ்роХி + ропிро░ுрои்род

роЗ) родроЩ்роХிропி + ро░ுрои்род

роИ) родроЩ்роХு + роЗро░ுрои்род

ро╡ிроЯை : роЕ) родроЩ்роХி + роЗро░ுрои்род

3. роЕрооைрои்родுро│்ро│родு роЗроЪ்роЪொро▓்ро▓ைрок் рокிро░ிрод்родு роОро┤ுродроХ் роХிроЯைрок்рокродு

роЕ) роЕрооைрои் + родுро│்ро│родு

роЖ) роЕрооைрои்родு + роЙро│்ро│родு

роЗ) роЕрооைрои்родு + ро│்ро│родு

роИ) роЕрооைрои் + роЙро│்ро│родு

ро╡ிроЯை : роЖ) роЕрооைрои்родு + роЙро│்ро│родு

4. роЕро░роЪு роЖроЯ்роЪி роОрой்рокродைроЪ் роЪேро░்род்родு роХிроЯைроХ்роХுроо் роЪொро▓்

роЕ) роЕро░роЪроЖроЯ்роЪி

роЖ) роЕро░роЪாроЯ்роЪி

роЗ) роЕро░роЪுроЪாроЯ்роЪி

роИ) роЕро░роЪு роЖроЯ்роЪி

ро╡ிроЯை : роЖ) роЕро░роЪாроЯ்роЪி

5. роиீро░் + рокாроЪройроо் роОрой்рокродைроЪ் роЪேро░்род்родு роОро┤ுродроХ் роХிроЯைроХ்роХுроо் роЪொро▓்

роЕ) роиீро░்рокாроЪройроо்

роЖ) роиீро░்рок்рокாроЪройроо்

роЗ) роиீро░рок்рокроЪройроо்

роИ) роиீро░்рокாроЪройроо்

ро╡ிроЯை : роЖ) роиீро░்рок்рокாроЪройроо்

рокрои்родை роЕродрой் роОродிро░்роЪ்роЪொро▓் роХூроЯைропிро▓் рокோроЯро▓ாрооா?

роОродிро░்роЪ்роЪொро▓் ро╡ிро│ைропாроЯ்роЯு

роЪро░ிропாройродை роОроЯுрод்родு роОро┤ுродுроХ

1. роХро▓்ро▓рогை роЕрооைрои்родுро│்ро│ рооாро╡роЯ்роЯроо் ………………………… (родிро░ுроЪ்роЪி/ родроЮ்роЪாро╡ூро░்)

ро╡ிроЯை : родроЮ்роЪாро╡ூро░்

2. родрооிро┤்роиாроЯ்роЯிро▓் роХாро╡ிро░ிропிрой் рооுроХ்роХிроп родுрогைропாро▒ு ………………………… (ро╡ைроХை / роХொро│்ро│ிроЯроо்)

ро╡ிроЯை : роХொро│்ро│ிроЯроо்

3. роХро▓்ро▓рогைропைроХ் роХроЯ்роЯிроп роЕро░роЪрой் ………………………… . (роХро░ிроХாро▓рой்/роЗро░ாроЪро░ாроЪрой்)

ро╡ிроЯை : роХро░ிроХாро▓рой்

4. роХро▓்ро▓рогை ………………………… родொро┤ிро▓்роиுроЯ்рокрод்родிро▒்роХுроЪ் роЪிро▒рои்род роЪாрой்ро▒ாроХрод் родிроХро┤்роХிро▒родு. (рокро┤рои்родрооிро┤ро░்/роЗрой்ро▒ைроп)

ро╡ிроЯை : рокро┤рои்родрооிро┤ро░்

ро╡ிройாро╡ிро▒்роХு роПро▒்ро▒ ро╡ிроЯைропро│ிроХ்роХ

1. роХро░ிроХாро▓ройிрой் роЗропро▒்рокெропро░் роОрой்рой?

роХро░ிроХாро▓ройிрой் роЗропро▒்рокெропро░் ро╡ро│ро╡рой்.

2. роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роОрой்ро▒ு рокெропро░் ро╡ро░роХ் роХாро░рогроо் роОрой்рой?

роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роОрой்рокродро▒்роХுроХ் роХро░ுроХிроп роХாро▓ை роЙроЯைропро╡рой் роОрой்рокродு рокொро░ுро│். роЗро│роо் ро╡ропродிро▓் роЗро╡ро░ுроХ்роХு роПро▒்рокроЯ்роЯ родீро╡ிрокрод்родிрой் роХாро░рогрооாроХ роЗрок்рокெропро░் роЗро╡ро░ுроХ்роХு ро╡ро┤роЩ்роХро▓ாропிро▒்ро▒ு.

3. роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роХро▓்ро▓рогைропைроХ் роХроЯ்роЯ роХாро░рогроо் ропாродு?

роХாро╡ிро░ிропிро▓் роЕроЯிроХ்роХроЯி рокெро░ுро╡ெро│்ро│роо் ро╡ро░ுроо். роЖройாро▓் роЕрои்род роиீро░் роОродро▒்роХுроо் рокропрой்рокроЯாрооро▓் роХроЯро▓ுроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ுро╡ிроЯுроо். роороХ்роХро│் рооро┤ைроХ்роХாро▓род்родிро▓் ро╡ெро│்ро│рок்рокெро░ுроХ்роХாро▓ுроо், роХோроЯைроХ்роХாро▓род்родிро▓் роиீро░் роЗрой்ро▒ிропுроо் роороХ்роХро│் родுропро░рок்рокроЯ்роЯродைроХ் роХрог்роЯு роЕродройைрод் родроЯுроХ்роХுроо் рокொро░ுроЯ்роЯு рокெро░ிропродோро░் роЕрогைропைроХ் роХроЯ்роЯிройாрой்.

4. роХро▓்ро▓рогைропிрой் роЪிро▒рок்рокாроХ роиீ роиிройைрок்рокродை роОро┤ுродுроХ.

родро▒்рокோродு рокропрой்рокாроЯ்роЯிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ рооிроХрок்рокро┤рооைропாрой роТро░ே роЕрогை роХро▓்ро▓рогை. роЗродுро╡ே роЙро▓роХிрой் рооிроХрок்рокро┤рооைропாрой роиீро░்рок்рокாроЪройрод்родிроЯ்роЯроо் роОройро╡ுроо் роХூро▒рок்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு. роорогро▓ிро▓் роЕроЯிрод்родро│роо் роЕрооைрод்родுроХ் роХроЯ்роЯிропுро│்ро│ாро░்роХро│். роЗродு рокро┤рои்родрооிро┤ро░ிрой் родொро┤ிро▓் роиுроЯ்рокрод்родிро▒்роХுроЪ் роЪாрой்ро▒ாроХுроо். роЗрой்ро▒ு ро╡ро░ை роЗродு ро╡ிропрод்родроХு роЪாродройைропாроХ роЙро│்ро│родு.

рооொро┤ிропோроЯு ро╡ிро│ைропாроЯு

рооொро┤ி ро╡ிро│ைропாроЯ்роЯு

роУро░் роОро┤ுрод்родைроХ் роХрог்роЯுрокிроЯி, роиாрой்роХு роЪொро▓்ро▓ைрок் рокெро▒ро▓ாроо்

роЪொро▓் ро╡ிро│ைропாроЯ்роЯு

роЕро▒ிрои்родு роХொро│்ро╡ோроо்

родрооிро┤்роиாроЯ்роЯிро▓ுро│்ро│ рооுроХ்роХிроп роЕрогைроХро│்

• роХро▓்ро▓рогை

• рооேроЯ்роЯூро░் роЕрогை

• ро╡ைроХை роЕрогை

• роЪாрод்родройூро░் роЕрогை

• рокро╡ாройி роЪாроХро░் роЕрогை

роЪெропро▓் родிроЯ்роЯроо்

роЪெропро▓் родிроЯ்роЯроо்

• роиூро▓роХрод்родிро▒்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ு ро╡ро░ро▓ாро▒்ро▒ு роиூро▓்роХро│ைрок் рокроЯிрод்родு ропாро░ேройுроо் роРрои்родு роЕро░роЪро░்роХро│ிрой் рокெропро░்роХро│ைропுроо், роЕро╡ро░்роХро│் роЪெроп்род роиро▒்роЪெропро▓்роХро│ைропுроо் родெро░ிрои்родு роХொрог்роЯு роЕроЯ்роЯро╡рогைропை роиிро░рок்рокி ро╡ро░ுроХ

роЕроЯ்роЯро╡рогை

4th Standard Tamil Term 1 Chapter 9 Karikalan Kattiya Kallanai

рокро░ுро╡роо் 1 роЗропро▓் 9 | 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤் - роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роХроЯ்роЯிроп роХро▓்ро▓рогை | 4th Tamil : Term 1 Chapter 9 : Karihalan kattiya kallanai

4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤் : рокро░ுро╡роо் 1 роЗропро▓் 9 : роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роХроЯ்роЯிроп роХро▓்ро▓рогை

роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роХроЯ்роЯிроп роХро▓்ро▓рогை

роорогிрооொро┤ிропுроо் роХройிрооொро┤ிропுроо் родроЩ்роХро│родு рооுродро▓் рокро░ுро╡ ро╡ிроЯுрооுро▒ைропிро▓், родிро░ுроЪ்роЪிропிро▓ுро│்ро│ родроо் рооாрооா ро╡ீроЯ்роЯிро▒்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ройро░். роХро▓்ро▓рогைропைрок் рокாро░்роХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо் роОрой்ро▒ ро╡ிро░ுрок்рокрод்родிройை рооாрооாро╡ிроЯроо் роХூро▒ிройро░். рооாрооாро╡ுроо் роЕродро▒்роХு роЗроЪைрои்родு родроо் роХுроЯுроо்рок роЙро▒ுрок்рокிройро░்роХро│ைропுроо் роЕро┤ைрод்родுроХ் роХொрог்роЯு роХро▓்ро▓рогைроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪெро▓்роХிро▒ாро░்.

роорогிрооொро┤ி : роОройроХ்роХு роЗрои்родрок் рокропрогроо் роороХிро┤்роЪ்роЪிропைрод் родро░ுроХிро▒родு рооாрооா.
роХройிрооொро┤ி : роОройроХ்роХுроо் родாрой். роПройெрой்ро▒ாро▓் роироо்рооோроЯு роЕрод்родைропுроо் роХрокிро▓ройுроо் ро╡ро░ுро╡родு рооிроХро╡ுроо் роороХிро┤்роЪ்роЪிропாроХ роЙро│்ро│родு.
роЕрод்родை : роиாроо் рокாро░்роХ்роХрок் рокோроХுроо் роХро▓்ро▓рогைропை роиெро░ுроЩ்роХிро╡ிроЯ்роЯோроо்.
рооாрооா : ро╡ாро░ுроЩ்роХро│்! роХро▓்ро▓рогைропைроЪ் роЪுро▒்ро▒ிрок் рокாро░்рок்рокோроо்.
роХройிрооொро┤ி : рооாрооா, роХро▓்ро▓рогை роОрои்род рооாро╡роЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓் роЙро│்ро│родு?
рооாрооா : родроЮ்роЪாро╡ூро░் рооாро╡роЯ்роЯрод்родிро▓் роЙро│்ро│родு. родிро░ுроЪ்роЪிропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு 20 роХிрооீ родொро▓ைро╡ிро▓் роЙро│்ро│родு. роЗрои்родроХ் роХро▓்ро▓рогைропைроХ் роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роОрой்ро▒ роорой்ройрой் роХроЯ்роЯிройாрой்.
роорогிрооொро┤ி : роХро▓்ро▓рогை роХроЯ்роЯிроп роХро░ிроХாро▓ройைрок் рокро▒்ро▒ிрод் родெро░ிрои்родு роХொро│்ро│ роЖро░்ро╡рооாроХ роЙро│்ро│ேрой் рооாрооா, роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХுрод் родெро░ிрои்род роЪெроп்родிроХро│ைроХ் роХூро▒ுроЩ்роХро│்.
роЕрод்родை : роОройроХ்роХுрод் родெро░ிропுроо். роиாрой் роХூро▒ுроХிро▒ேрой் роХேро│ுроЩ்роХро│். роЪோро┤ роЕро░роЪро░்роХро│ிро▓் роЪிро▒рок்рокுрооிроХ்роХ роЕро░роЪрой் роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роЖро╡ாро░். роЗро╡ро░родு роЗропро▒்рокெропро░் ро╡ро│ро╡рой் роОрой்рокродாроХுроо்.
роХройிрооொро┤ி : роЗро╡ро░родு рокெропро░் ро╡ро│ро╡рой் роОрой்ро▒ு роЪொро▓்роХிро▒ீро░்роХро│். роЕрок்рокроЯிропாройாро▓் роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роОрой்ро▒ рокெропро░் роОрок்рокроЯி ро╡рои்родродு?
рооாрооா : роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роОрой்рокродро▒்роХுроХ் роХро░ுроХிроп роХாро▓ை роЙроЯைропро╡рой் роОрой்рокродு рокொро░ுро│். роЗро│роо் ро╡ропродிро▓் роЗро╡ро░ுроХ்роХு роПро▒்рокроЯ்роЯ родீ ро╡ிрокрод்родிрой் роХாро░рогрооாроХ роЗрок்рокெропро░் роЗро╡ро░ுроХ்роХு ро╡ро┤роЩ்роХро▓ாропிро▒்ро▒ு.
роорогிрооொро┤ி : роР! роХро▓்ро▓рогை роОро╡்ро╡ро│ро╡ு роиீро│рооாроХро╡ுроо், рокாро░்рок்рокродро▒்роХு роОро╡்ро╡ро│ро╡ு роЕро┤роХாроХро╡ுроо் роЗро░ுроХ்роХிро▒родு. роЗрои்родроХ் роХро▓்ро▓рогைропைроХ் роХроЯ்роЯ роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роОроЯுрод்родுроХ் роХொрог்роЯ рооுропро▒்роЪிропைроХ் роХூро▒ுроЩ்роХро│் рооாрооா.
рооாрооா : роЪро░ி роХூро▒ுроХிро▒ேрой். роОройродு роЖроЪிро░ிропро░் роОройроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪொрой்рой роЪெроп்родிроХро│ை роиாрой் роЙроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХுроХ் роХூро▒ுроХிро▒ேрой். родро▒்рокோродு рокропрой்рокாроЯ்роЯிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ рооிроХрок் рокро┤ைрооைропாрой роТро░ே роЕрогை роХро▓்ро▓рогை. роЗродுро╡ே роЙро▓роХிрой் рооிроХрок் рокро┤ைрооைропாрой роиீро░்рок்рокாроЪройрод்родிроЯ்роЯроо் роОройро╡ுроо் роХூро▒рок்рокроЯுроХிро▒родு. роорогро▓ிро▓் роЕроЯிрод்родро│роо் роЕрооைрод்родுроХ் роХроЯ்роЯிропுро│்ро│ாро░்роХро│். роЗродு рокро┤рои்родрооிро┤ро░ிрой் роХроЯ்роЯுрооாройрод் родிро▒ройுроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪாрой்ро▒ாроХுроо். роЗродு роЗрой்ро▒ு ро╡ро░ை ро╡ிропрод்родроХு роЪாродройைропாроХ роЙро│்ро│родு.
роорогிрооொро┤ி : роУ! роЕрок்рокроЯிропா рооாрооா.......
рооாрооா : роЖроо், роХாро╡ிро░ிропிропிро▓் роЕроЯிроХ்роХроЯி рокெро░ுро╡ெро│்ро│роо் ро╡ро░ுроо், роЖройாро▓் роЕрои்род роиீро░் роОродро▒்роХுроо் рокропрой்рокроЯாрооро▓் роХроЯро▓ுроХ்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ுро╡ிроЯுроо். рооро┤ைроХ்роХாро▓род்родிро▓் ро╡ெро│்ро│рок் рокெро░ுроХ்роХாро▓ுроо், роХோроЯைроХ்роХாро▓род்родிро▓் роиீро░் роЗрой்ро▒ிропுроо் роороХ்роХро│் родுропро░рок்рокроЯ்роЯродைроХ் роХрог்роЯு роЕродройைрод் родроЯுроХ்роХுроо் рокொро░ுроЯ்роЯு рокெро░ிропродோро░் роЕрогைропைроХ் роХроЯ்роЯ рооுроЯிро╡ெроЯுрод்родாрой் роХро░ிроХாро▓рой்.
роорогிрооொро┤ி : роЕрок்рокோродே роЗро░ுроо்рокுроХ் роХроо்рокிроХро│், рокைроЮ்роЪுродை (роЪிрооெрог்роЯ்) роЗро░ுрои்родройро╡ா?
рооாрооா : роЗро▓்ро▓ைропроо்рооா, роЕрогை роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯ рооுро▒ைропைроЪ் роЪொро▓்роХிро▒ேрой் роХேро│். роХாро╡ிро░ி роЖро▒்ро▒ிрой்рооீродு рокெро░ிроп рокாро▒ைроХро│ைроХ் роХொрог்роЯு ро╡рои்родு рокோроЯ்роЯройро░். роЕрои்родрок் рокாро▒ைроХро│ுроо் роиீро░் роЕро░ிрок்рокிрой் роХாро░рогрооாроХроХ் роХொроЮ்роЪроо் роХொроЮ்роЪрооாроХ роорог்рогுроХ்роХுро│் роЪெрой்ро▒рой. роЕрои்родрок் рокாро▒ைропிрой் рооேро▓் ро╡ேро▒ொро░ு рокாро▒ைропை ро╡ைрод்родு роироЯுро╡ே родрог்рогீро░ிро▓் роХро░ைропாрод роТро░ு ро╡ிрод роТроЯ்роЯுроо் роХро│ிроорог்рогைрок் рокூроЪி, роЗро░рог்роЯுроо் роТрой்ро▒ோроЯு роТрой்ро▒ு роТроЯ்роЯிроХ்роХொро│்ро│ுроо்рокроЯி роЪெроп்родройро░். роЗродு рокро▓ роиூро▒்ро▒ாрог்роЯுроХро│் роХроЯрои்родுроо், роЗрой்ро▒ро│ро╡ுроо் роЙро▒ுродிропோроЯு роиிро▒்роХிро▒родு. роХро▓்ро▓рогை родрооிро┤ро░்роХро│ிрой் роХроЯ்роЯுрооாройрод் родிро▒ройைрок் рокро▒ை роЪாро▒்ро▒ுро╡родாроХ роЙро│்ро│родு.
роХрокிро▓рой் : роЗродோ, роЗроЩ்роХே рокாро░ுроЩ்роХро│். роТро░ு роХро▓்ро╡ெроЯ்роЯு роЙро│்ро│родு. роЗродிро▓் роОрой்рой роОро┤ுродிропிро░ுроХ்роХிро▒родு роОрой்ро▒ு рокроЯிрок்рокோроо் ро╡ாро░ுроЩ்роХро│்.
рооாрооா : роЗро╡்ро╡рогை роЗро░рог்роЯாроо் роиூро▒்ро▒ாрог்роЯிро▓் роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு. роХாро╡ிро░ி роЖро▒ாройродு роХாро╡ிро░ி, роХொро│்ро│ிроЯроо், ро╡ெрог்рогாро▒ு, рокுродுроЖро▒ு роОрой роиாрой்роХாроХрок் рокிро░ிроХிро▒родு. роХாро╡ிро░ிропாро▒ு рокிро░ிропுроо் роЗроЯрод்родிро▓்родாрой் роХро▓்ро▓рогை роХроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│родு. роЗродройாро▓்родாрой் родிро░ுроЪ்роЪி, родроЮ்роЪாро╡ூро░் рооாро╡роЯ்роЯроЩ்роХро│் ро╡ро│рооாроХிрой்ро▒рой. роЗродு роЙро┤ро╡ுрок் рокாроЪройрод்родிро▒்роХாрой рооிроХрок்рокெро░ிроп родிроЯ்роЯрооாроХுроо்.
роЕрод்родை : роородிроп роЙрогро╡ு роХொрог்роЯு ро╡рои்родுро│்ро│ேрой், рооро░роиிро┤ро▓ிро▓் роЕрооро░்рои்родு роЕройைро╡ро░ுроо் роЙрогро╡ு роЙрог்рокோроо் ро╡ாро░ுроЩ்роХро│்!
роХройிрооொро┤ி : роХро▓்ро▓рогை, рокாро░்рок்рокродро▒்роХுроХ் роХрог்рогைропுроо் роХро░ுрод்родைропுроо் роХро╡ро░ுроо் ро╡роХைропிро▓் роЕрооைрои்родுро│்ро│родு. роОройро╡ே роХро░ிроХாро▓ройுроХ்роХு роирой்ро▒ி роХூро▒ுро╡ோроо்.
роорогிрооொро┤ி : роХро▓்ро▓рогை роЙро│்ро│ро╡ро░ை роХро░ிроХாро▓ройிрой் рокுроХро┤் роиிро▓ைрод்родுроиிро▒்роХுроо்.

Tags : Term 1 Chapter 9 | 4th Tamil рокро░ுро╡роо் 1 роЗропро▓் 9 | 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤்.

4th Tamil : Term 1 Chapter 9 : Karihalan kattiya kallanai : Karihalan kattiya kallanai Term 1 Chapter 9 | 4th Tamil in Tamil : 4th Standard Tamil Medium School Samacheer Book Back Questions and answers, Important Question with Answer. 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤் : рокро░ுро╡роо் 1 роЗропро▓் 9 : роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роХроЯ்роЯிроп роХро▓்ро▓рогை : роХро░ிроХாро▓рой் роХроЯ்роЯிроп роХро▓்ро▓рогை - рокро░ுро╡роо் 1 роЗропро▓் 9 | 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤் : 4 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு рокுрод்родроХроо் роХேро│்ро╡ிроХро│் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் рокродிро▓்роХро│்.

2nd Standard Tamil Aathichudi | Term 1 Chapter 9 Book Back Answers | Samacheer Kalvi

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2nd Tamil : Term 1 Chapter 9 : Aathichudi : Aathichudi: Questions and Answers Term 1 Chapter 9 | 2nd Tamil in Tamil : 2nd Standard Tamil Medium School Samacheer Book Back Questions and answers, Important Question with Answer. 2 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤் : рокро░ுро╡роо் 1 роЗропро▓் 9 : роЖрод்родிроЪூроЯி : роЖрод்родிроЪூроЯி: роХேро│்ро╡ிроХро│் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் рокродிро▓்роХро│் - рокро░ுро╡роо் 1 роЗропро▓் 9 | 2 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு родрооிро┤் : 2 роЖроо் ро╡роХுрок்рокு рокுрод்родроХроо் роХேро│்ро╡ிроХро│் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் рокродிро▓்роХро│்.

10th Science: Solutions - Book Back Questions and Answers

Book Back Questions with Answers - Solutions | Science

I. Choose the correct answer.

  1. A solution is a __________ mixture.

    • a. homogeneous
    • b. heterogeneous
    • c. homogeneous and heterogeneous
    • d. non homogeneous
  2. The number of components in a binary solution is __________

    • a. 2
    • b. 3
    • c. 4
    • d. 5
  3. Which of the following is the universal solvent?

    • a. Acetone
    • b. Benzene
    • c. Water
    • d. Alcohol
  4. A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a definite amount of solvent at a given temperature is called _______

    • a. Saturated solution
    • b. Un saturated solution
    • c. Super saturated solution
    • d. Dilute solution
  5. Identify the non aqueous solution.

    • a. sodium chloride in water
    • b. glucose in water
    • c. copper sulphate in water
    • d. sulphur in carbon-di-sulphide
  6. When pressure is increased at constant temperature the solubility of gases in liquid ___________.

    • a. No change
    • b. increases
    • c. decreases
    • d. no reaction
  7. Solubility of NaCl in 100 ml water is 36 g. If 25 g of salt is dissolved in 100 ml of water how much more salt is required for saturation _____________.

    • a. 12g
    • b. 11g
    • c. 16g
    • d. 20g
  8. A 25% alcohol solution means

    • a. 25 ml alcohol in 100 ml of water
    • b. 25 ml alcohol in 25 ml of water
    • c. 25 ml alcohol in 75 ml of water
    • d. 75 ml alcohol in 25 ml of water
  9. Deliquescence is due to __________

    • a. Strong affinity to water
    • b. Less affinity to water
    • c. Strong hatred to water
    • d. Inertness to water
  10. Which of the following is hygroscopic in nature?

    • a. ferric chloride
    • b. copper sulphate penta hydrate
    • c. silica gel
    • d. none of the above

II. Fill in the blanks

  1. The component present in lesser amount, in a solution is called Solute.
  2. Example for liquid in solid type solution is Mercury with sodium (amalgam).
  3. Solubility is the amount of solute dissolved in 100 g of solvent.
  4. Polar compounds are soluble in polar solvents.
  5. Volume percentage decreases with increases in temperature because of expansion of liquids.

III. Match the following

Problem:

  1. Blue vitriol – \( \text{CaSO}_4 \cdot 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \)
  2. Gypsum – \( \text{CaO} \)
  3. Deliquescence – \( \text{CuSO}_4 \cdot 5\text{H}_2\text{O} \)
  4. Hygroscopic – \( \text{NaOH} \)

Answer:

  1. Blue vitriol – \( \text{CuSO}_4 \cdot 5\text{H}_2\text{O} \)
  2. Gypsum – \( \text{CaSO}_4 \cdot 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \)
  3. Deliquescence – \( \text{NaOH} \)
  4. Hygroscopic – \( \text{CaO} \)

IV. True or False: (If false give the correct statement)

  1. Solutions which contain three components are called binary solution. - False

    Solutions which contain three components are called Trinary solution.
  2. In a solution the component which is present in lesser amount is called solvent. - False

    In a solution, the component present in a lesser amount is called the solute. The component in the larger amount is the solvent.
  3. Sodium chloride dissolved in water forms a non-aqueous solution. - False

    Sodium chloride dissolved in water forms an aqueous solution because water is the solvent.
  4. The molecular formula of green vitriol is \( \text{MgSO}_4 \cdot 7\text{H}_2\text{O} \). - False

    The molecular formula of green vitriol is Ferrous Sulphate: \( \text{FeSO}_4 \cdot 7\text{H}_2\text{O} \). \( \text{MgSO}_4 \cdot 7\text{H}_2\text{O} \) is Epsom salt.
  5. When Silica gel is kept open, it absorbs moisture from the air, because it is hygroscopic in nature. - True

V. Short answer

  1. Define the term: Solution

    Solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances.

  2. What is mean by binary solution

    Solutions which are made of one solute and one solvent (two components) are called binary solutions.

  3. Give an example each i) gas in liquid ii) solid in liquid iii) solid in solid iv) gas in gas

    (i) Gas - Liquid - carbon-di-oxide dissolved in water (Soda water)

    (ii) Solid - Liquid - Sodium chloride dissolved in water

    (iii) Solid - Solid - Copper dissolved in gold (Alloys)

    (iv) Gas - Gas - Mixture of Helium-Oxygen gases

  4. What is aqueous and non-aqueous solution? Give an example.

    (i) Aqueous solution: The solution in which water acts as a solvent is called aqueous solution. E.g. Common salt in water, Sugar in water, Copper sulphate in water etc.

    (ii) Non - Aqueous solution: The solution in which any liquid other than water acts as a solvent is called non - aqueous solution. E.g: Sulphur dissolved in carbon disulphide.

  5. Define Volume percentage

    Volume percentage is defined as the percentage by volume of solute (in ml) present in the given volume of the solution.

    $$ \text{Volume Percentage} = \frac{\text{Volume of the solute}}{\text{Volume of the solution}} \times 100 $$

  6. The aquatic animals live more in cold region Why?

    Aquatic animals live more in cold regions because, more amount of dissolved oxygen is present in the water of cold regions. This shows that the solubility of oxygen is more in water at low temperature.

  7. Define Hydrated salt.

    When ionic substances are dissolved in water to make their saturated aqueous solution, their ions attract water molecules which then attached chemically in certain ratio. This process is called hydration.

  8. A hot saturated solution of copper sulphate forms crystals as it cools. Why?

    As the solution cools, the water molecules move closer together again and there's less room for the solution to hold onto as much of the dissolved solid. So copper sulphate crystallises as the solid is cooled.

  9. Classify the following substances into deliquescent, hygroscopic.

    Conc. Sulphuric acid, Copper sulphate penta hydrate, Silica gel, Calcium chloride, and Gypsum salt.

    Deliquescent: Calcium chloride

    Hygroscopic: Conc. Sulphuric acid, Silica gel

    (Note: Copper sulphate pentahydrate and Gypsum are hydrated salts that exhibit efflorescence, not typically deliquescence or hygroscopy.)

VI. Long answer:

  1. Write notes on i) saturated solution ii) unsaturated solution

    Answer:

    (i) Saturated solution : A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved in a definite amount of the solvent at a given temperature is called saturated solution.

    E.g. 36 g of sodium chloride in 100g of water at 25° C forms saturated solution.

    (ii) Unsaturated solution : Unsaturated solution is one that contains less solute than that of the saturated solution at a given temperature.

    E.g. 10 g or 20 g or 30 g of Sodium chloride in 100 g of water at 25° C

  2. Write notes on various factors affecting solubility.

    Answer:

    There are three main factors which govern the solubility of a solute. They are: Nature of the solute and solvent, Temperature, Pressure

    Nature of the solute and solvent:

    (i) The nature of the solute and solvent plays an important role in solubility.

    (ii) Solubility is based on the phrase “like dissolves like”. The expression means that dissolving occurs when similarities exist between the solvent and the solute. For example: Common salt is a polar compound and dissolves readily in polar solvent like water.

    (iii) Non-polar compounds are soluble in non-polar solvents. For example: Sulphur dissolves in carbon disulphide.

    Effect of Temperature :

    Solubility of Solids in Liquid:

    (i) Generally, solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent increases with increase in temperature.

    (ii) In endothermic process, solubility increases with increase in temperature.

    (iii) In exothermic process, solubility decreases with increase in temperature.

    Solubility of Gases in liquid : Solubility of gases in liquid decrease with increase in temperature.

    Effect of Pressure : When the pressure is increased, the solubility of a gas in liquid increases. When pressure is increased, more gas molecules strike the surface of the liquid and mix into the solution.

  3. a) What happens when \( \text{MgSO}_4 \cdot 7\text{H}_2\text{O} \) is heated? Write the appropriate equation

    b) Define solubility

    Answer:

    a) When magnesium sulphate heptahydrate crystals are gently heated, it loses seven water molecules, and becomes anhydrous magnesium sulphate.

    Chemical equation for heating magnesium sulphate heptahydrate

    (Magnesium sulphate heptahydrate) → (Anhydrous Magnesium sulphate)

    b) Solubility is defined as the number of grams of a solute that can be dissolved in 100g of a solvent to form its saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure.

    $$ \text{Solubility} = \frac{\text{Mass of the solute}}{\text{Mass of the solvent}} \times 100 $$

  4. In what way hygroscopic substances differ from deliquescent substances.

    Answer:

    Table comparing Hygroscopic and Deliquescent substances

    Deliquescence substances

    • Certain water soluble substances, when exposed to the atmosphere at ordinary temperature, absorb moisture from the atmospheric air and become moist or pasty or watery.
    • Deliquescent substances change its state on exposure to air.
    • Deliquescent substances are crystalline solids.

    Hygroscopic Substances

    • Certain substances, when exposed to the atmosphere at ordinary temperature, absorb moisture without dissolving it.
    • Hygroscopic substances do not change its state on exposure to air.
    • Hygroscopic substances may be amorphous solids or liquids.
  5. A solution is prepared by dissolving 45 g of sugar in 180 g of water. Calculate the mass percentage of solute.

    Answer:

    $$ \text{Mass percentage} = \frac{\text{Mass of the solute}}{\text{Mass of the solution}} \times 100 $$

    $$ \text{Mass percentage} = \frac{\text{Mass of the solute}}{(\text{Mass of the solute} + \text{Mass of the solvent})} \times 100 $$

    $$ \text{Mass percentage} = \frac{45}{(45+180)} \times 100 = \frac{45}{225} \times 100 $$

    Mass percentage = 20%

  6. 3.5 litres of ethanol is present in 15 litres of aqueous solution of ethanol. Calculate volume percent of ethanol solution.

    Answer:

    $$ \text{Volume percentage} = \frac{\text{Volume of the solute}}{\text{Volume of the solution}} \times 100 $$

    $$ \text{Volume percentage} = \frac{3.5}{15} \times 100 $$

    Volume percentage = 23.33%

VII. HOT (Higher-Order Thinking)

  1. Vinu dissolves 50 g of sugar in 250 ml of hot water, Sarath dissolves 50 g of same sugar in 250 ml of cold water. Who will get faster dissolution of sugar? and Why?

    50 g of sugar in 250 ml of hot water will dissolve faster as solubility of solid solute in liquid solvent increases with increase in temperature.

  2. 'A' is a blue coloured crystaline salt. On heating it loses blue colour and to give 'B'. When water is added, 'B' gives back to 'A'. Identify A and B, write the equation.

    $$ \text{CuSO}_4 \cdot 5\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{CuSO}_4 + 5\text{H}_2\text{O} $$

    (A) : \( \text{CuSO}_4 \cdot 5\text{H}_2\text{O} \) : Copper sulphate Pentahydrate - Blue

    (B) : \( \text{CuSO}_4 \) : Anhydrous Copper sulphate - White

  3. Will the cool drinks give more fizz at top of the hills or at the foot? Explain

    Cool drinks will fizz more at the top of the hill since when pressure decrease solubility of a gas in liquid decreases so \( \text{CO}_2 \) bubbles out as a gas in a soda can.

Concept Map for Solutions Chapter

12th SP Chapter 9 Solution Depository System Maharashtra Board HSC.


12th SP Chapter 9. Depository System

Q.1 A) Select the correct answer from the options given below and rewrite the statements.


1) In physical mode, securities are held in _____ form.

a) Paper 

b) Dematerialization 

c) Electronic


2) Risk of losing certificates exists in _____ mode.

a) Physical 

b) Dematerialised 

c) Digital


3) In the Depositor System, securities are held in _____ form.

a) Scrip based 

b) electronic 

c) Physical


4) _____ is the institute which facilitates electronic holding of securities.

a) Depository participant 

b) Issuer 

c) Depository


5) There is no payment of _____ when securities are demated.

a) Octroi 

b) Wealth Tax 

c) Stamp Dut


6) The Depository Act was passed in _____.

a) 1919 

b) 1996 

c) 1999


7) India has a _____ depository system.

a) sole 

b) multi 

c) single


8) _____ is a constituent of depository system.

a) Government 

b) Issuer 

c) Trust


9) _____ is the oldest depository in India.

a) Dow Jones 

b) NSDL 

c) CDSL


10) Demat account is opened by _____.

a) Beneficial Owner 

b) CDSL 

c) SEBI


11) Demated shares are _____.

a) Non-transferable 

b) Fungible 

c) Bearer


12) _____ is a unique code given to a security.

a) IBM 

b) BBM 

C) ISIN


13) In India ISIN for corporate securities is allotted by _____.

a) NSDL 

b) Central Govt. 

c) State Govt.


14) _____ has to apply for ISIN.

a) Company 

b) Depository participant 

c) Depositors


15) _____ has to pay charges to maintain Demat Account.

a) Investor 

b) Issuer 

c) Depositor


16) NSDL is promoted by _____.

a) NSE 

b) BSE 

c) FTSE


17) CDSL is promoted by _____.

a) NSE 

b) BSE 

c) FTSE


Q.1 B) Match the pairs.


Group A

Group B

a) Bad Delivery

1) 1956

b) Depository Act

2) A 12 digit number/code.

c) ISIN

3) Connect Government and Banks.

d) Depository participant

4) Second Depository in India.

e) CDSL

5) The Issuer Company.

f) Depository

6) Problem faced in physical mode.

g) Beneficial owner

7) A 10 digit number/code.


8) Connects Depositor and Investor.


9) First Depository in the world.


10) Custodian of securities in electronic form.


11) Problem faced in electronic mode.


12) 1996


13) Government Organisation.


14) The Investor.

Answers.  

a. 6) Problem faced in physical mode.

b. 12) 1996

c. 2) A 12-digit number/code.

d. 8) Connects Depositor and Investor.

e. 4) Second Depository in India.

f. 10) Custodian of securities in electronic form.

g. 14) The Investor.


Q.1 C) Write a word or a term or a phrase which can substitute each of the following statements.


1) This mode of holding securities may result in loss and theft of certificates.

Ans: Physical Mode


2) The organization which holds the securities in electronic mode.

Ans: Depository


3) This system eliminates storing of certificates.

Ans: Depository System


4) This system allows faster and easier transfer of securities.

Ans: Depository System


5) The oldest Depositor of India.

Ans: NSDL 


6) The country where depository system started for the first time.

Ans: Germany


7) The registered owner of securities.

Ans: Beneficial Owner


8) The Agent of the Depository.

Ans: Depository Participant


9) This process converts securities into electronic form from physical form.

Ans: Dematerialisation 


10) This process converts securities into physical form from electronic form.

Ans: Rematerialisation


11) This means securities are without distinctive identity number.

Ans: Fungibility


12) This is the unique code for security given in depository system.

Ans: ISIN


Q.1 D) State whether the following statements are true or false.


1) Physical mode of holding securities is risky.

Ans: True


2) Allotment of securities take longer time when in physical mode.

Ans: Ture


3) Transfer of securities is easier in electronic mode.

Ans: True


4) Bad delivery is likely in Depository System.

Ans: False


5) Depository system began in the USA for the first time in the world.

Ans: False


6) India has a multi Depository System.

Ans: True


7) Depository system is very similar to the banking system.

Ans: True


8) DP is a constituent of the Depository System.

Ans: Ture


9) DP is an agent of the Depository.

Ans: True


10) A Bank can work as a DP.

Ans: True


11) DRF is required for conversion from physical to electronic.

Ans: True


12) ISIN is a unique code given to the specific securities.

Ans: True


Q.1 E) Find the odd one.

  1. Elimination of storage of Certificates, Theft of Certificates, Torn Certificates.

  2. NSDL, CDSL, NBFC

  3. Depository, DP, RBI.

  4. DP, BO, State Government.

  5. Issuer, BO, Central Government.

  6. DRF, RRF, PPF


Q.1 F) Complete the sentences.


1) Central location for keeping securities in demat form is Depository.


2) Freezing of debit/credit of securities is possible in Depository.


3) First Depository of the world started in the year 1947.


4) The Indian Depositor Act was passed in the year 1996.


5) Link between Depositor and Investor is Depository Participant.


6) Account of securities of the Investors is maintained by Depository Participant.


7) The process which converts physical securities in electronic form is Dematerialisation.


8) The process which converts digital securities in physical form is Rematerialisation.


9) The Issuer company must register with Depository.


10) The unique code identifying security is International Securities Identification Number (ISIN).


11) The first depository of India is National Security Depository Limited (NSDL).


Q.1 G) Select the correct option from the bracket.

I) (1999, Agent of Depository, Germany, physical to electronic)

Group A

Group B

a) Dematerialization

1) ____________

b) ____________

2) DP

c) First depository of world

3) ____________

d) CDSL

4) ____________


Answer: 


Group A

Group B

a) Dematerialization

1) physical to electronic

b) Agent of Depository

2) DP

c) First depository of world

3) Germany

d) CDSL

4) 1999


II) (12 digit code, NSDL, Electronic to physical, No distinctive number)

Group A

Group B

a) First depository in India

1) ____________

b) ____________

2) Rematerialisation

c) Fungibility

3) ____________

d) ____________

4) ISIN


Answer: 


Group A

Group B

a) First depository in India

1) NSDL

b) Electronic to physical

2) Rematerialisation

c) Fungibility

3) No distinctive number

d) 12 digit code

4) ISIN


Q.1 H) Answer in one sentence.


1) What is Depository System?

Answer: Under Depositor System, securities are held in electronic form. The transfer and settlement of securities are done electronically.


2) Give examples of actions termed as corporate action.

Answer: Issue of Bonus shares, payment of dividend, offering of right shares, early redemption of debentures, etc. are examples of corporate actions.


3) When was Depository Act passed in India?

Answer: In India, Depository Act is passed in 1996.


4) What is a DP?

Answer: A Depository Participant (DP) is described as an agent of the depository. They are the intermediaries between the depository and the investors.


5) What is Dematerialisation?

Answer: Dematerialisation is a process whereby a client can get physical certificates converted into electronic mode.


6) What is Rematerialisation?

Answer: Rematerialisation is the process whereby a client can get his electronic holdings of securities converted into physical certificates.


7) What is ISIN?

Answer: International Securities Identification Number (ISIN) is a code that uniquely identifies a specific securities issue. ISIN consists of a 12 (Twelve) digit alpha-numeric code which is divided into 3 (Three) parts.


8) Name the depositories in India?

Answer: National Security Depository Limited (NSDL) and Central Depository Services Limited (CDSL).


Q.1 I) Correct the underlined word/s and rewrite the following sentences.


1) Electronic mode of holding securities is risky.

Answer: Physical. 


2) Allotment and Transfer of securities is time-consuming in electronic mode.

Answer: Physical Mode.


3) Banking system leads to a scrip less capital market.

Answer: Depository.


4) Storage of Certificates is not required in Physical mode of holding.

Answer: Electronic 


5) India has a single Depository system.

Answer: Multi


6) Depositor Participant in India has to register under the partnership act.

Answer: SEBI Act


7) Demat accounts are opened and maintained by the Depository.

Answer: Depository Participant


8) Securities are fungible in Physical mode.

Answer: Electronic


9) ISIN is a code given to a company.

Answer: Securities


10) ISIN of Indian Government securities is issued by NSDL.

Answer: RBI


Q.1 J) Arrange in proper order

1)

a) Gets Statement of Accounts

b) Open Demat Account

c) Submit DRF


Answer: (b) Open Demat Account (c) Submit DRF (a) Gets Statement of Accounts


2) 

a) Investor (BO) submits an application for securities to the issuer company.

b) Depositor intimates the DP about crediting BO’s Account.

c) Issuer company gives details of allotment to Depository.


Answer: (a) Investor (BO) submits an application for securities to the issuer company. (c) Issuer company gives details of allotment to Depository (b) Depositor intimates the DP about crediting BO’s Account.


Q.2 Explain the following terms / concepts.


1) Depository system

Answer: a) Under the Depositor System, securities are held in electronic form. The transfer and settlement of securities are done electronically.

b) The Depository System maintains accounts of the shareholder, enables transfer, collects dividends, bonus shares, etc. on behalf of the shareholder.

c) This system is also called a scripless trading system.


2) Dematerialization

Answer: a) Dematerialisation is a process whereby a client can get physical certificates converted into electronic mode.

b) The client has to surrender the certificates along with the Demat Request Form (DRF).

c) The DP forwards these to the Depositor who in turn forwards them to the Issuer. After confirmation from Issuer, the Depositor will credit the securities in the Demat A/c with DP.


3) Rematerialization

Answer: a) Rematerialisation is the process whereby a client can get his electronic holdings of securities converted into physical certificates.

b) The client has to give a written request in the form of RRF (Remat Request Form) to the DP. The DP forwards the RRF to Issuer and the Depository.

c) The Issuer prints the certificates and sends them to the client and simultaneously confirms the acceptance of Remat request to the Depository.


4) Fungibility

Answer: a) Fungibility means the state of being interchangeable. Some financial assets are fungible while some are not fungible.

b) The securities held in Demat/Electronic form are fungible.

c) They are interchangeable, substitutable and cannot be distinguished from each other. Securities bear no notable features like distinctive number, certificate number or folio number.


5) ISIN

Answer: a) International Securities Identification Number (ISIN) is a code that uniquely identifies a specific securities issue. ISIN consists of a 12 (Twelve) digit alpha-numeric code which is divided into 3 (Three) parts.

b) ISIN is a standard numbering system that is accepted globally.

c) In India, issuing ISIN to securities is assigned b SEBI to NSDL (for demated shares) SEBI works as NN A in India.


Q.3 Study the following case/situation and express your opinion.


1) Mr. Z holds 100 shares of Peculiar Co. Ltd. in Physical mode and wishes to convert the same in electronic mode :


a) Mr. Z holds a Saving Bank Account with CFDH Bank Ltd. Can he deposit his shares in this account for Demat?

Answer: No, Mr. Z cannot deposit his shares in his bank account for Demat.


b) What type of account is needed for the same ?

Answer: A Demat account is needed to convert physical shares into electronic shares.


c) Is it the RBI that will be the custodian of shares of Mr. Z after demating?

Answer: No, RBI cannot act as the custodian of shares of Mr. Z. The bank can act as a custodian.


2) Mr. R holds 100 shares of Peculiar Co. Ltd. in Demat mode :


a) He wants to transfer one share each to his wife, daughter, and son. Can he do so?

Answer: Mr. R can transfer one share each to his wife, daughter, and son. For that, they must have a Demat Account.


b) Does he need to submit DRF or DIS if he wants to transfer his shares?

Answer: If Mr. R wants to transfer his shares, he has to submit DRF or DIS to Depository Participants.


c) Can he nominate his wife in his Demat account?

Answer: Yes, Mr. R can nominate his wife in his Demat account. Every Individual Investor can avail nomination facility.


3) Mrs. Z wishes to open a Demat account in her name :


a) Can she open the account going to Mumbai office of NSDL?

Answer: No, Mrs. Z cannot open the account going to the Mumbai office of NSDL. Because NSDL is depository. She can open an account with DP.


b) Is she required to pay for opening of account and its maintenance?

Answer: Yes, Mrs. Z is required to pay for opening of account and its maintenance.


c) Does she have to send the shares to respective company for demating?

Answer: No, Mrs. Z. is not required to send the shares to the respective company for demating.


4) Mr. L wants to demat his 25 shares of Peculiar Co. Ltd. bearing certificate No. 100 and distinctive No. 76-100.


a) Which form is he required to fill as a written request to the DP?

Answer: Mr. L has to fill and submit the DRF form and certificates to the DP.


b) Does he have to fill instrument of transfer if he wishes to transfer the same after demat?

Answer: Mr. L is not required to fill instrument of transfer if he wishes to transfer the same after Demat.


c) Does he have to quote certificate no. and distinctive no. if he wishes to transfer his shares after it is in demat form ? 

Answer: The securities in Demat form are fungible. They do not have any certificate no. and distinctive no. Therefore Mr. L is not required to quote certificate no. and distinctive no. if he wishes to transfer his shares after it is in Demat form.


5) Mr. S holds 50 shares of Peculiar Co. Ltd. in Demat form. The company has declared a dividend of Rs 5/- per share and a Bonus of 1:1 to its shareholders.


a) How will Mr. S get his dividend?

Answer: The account of Mr.S is automatically credited for dividends by the company through corporate actions.


b) Will he get a Bonus share in Physical or Demat?

Answer: Mr. S will get bonus shares in Demat mode. His account is automatically credited by the company through corporate actions.


c) Who is entitled to dividend and Bonus: Mr. S or the depositor? (NSDL in this case)

Answer: Mr. S is the beneficial owner and therefore he is entitled to get dividend and bonus shares.


Q.4 Distinguish between the following.


1) Dematerialization and Rematerialisation

PointsDematerializationRematerialization
1. MeaningProcess of converting Physical certificates of securities into electronic form.It is the process of conversion of electronic form of securities into physical form.
2. ConversionHere, the paper form of securities is converted into digitally/ electronically held securities.Here, the electronic records are converted into physical/paper-form securities.
3. Use of FormIt uses 'DRF': Viz. 'Dematerialization Request Form' from Investor to the DP.It uses 'RRF': viz Rematerialization Request Form’ from the Investor to the DP.
4. SequenceThis is an initial process. It is a primary and Principal function of the depository.This is a reverse process. It is a secondary and supporting function of the depository. Already demated securities are remated.
5. Identification of SecuritiesDemated securities have no distinctive numbers. They are fungible.Remated securities will have certificates and distinctive numbers as issued by the company.
6. Securities Maintenance AuthorityThe depository is the custodian of securities and records.The issuing company is the record-keeping authority. Securities are maintained by the investor.
7. Difficulty of ProcessDemat is an easy process. Also, it's not a time-consuming process.Remat is not only a time-consuming but also a complex process.

Q.5 Answer in brief.


1) Explain the disadvantages of the physical mode of holding securities.

Answer:

(A) Physical mode of holding securities: It means securities are held in the form of paper certificates. It has following disadvantages :

1) Risk: 

Certificates of papers can be lost, damaged, torn, stolen, misplaced during transit, etc.

2) Efforts in Duplicating: 

Obtaining duplicate certificates (if original certificate is lost) involves time, effort, and money.

3) Delay in allotment of securities: 

Allotment of new securities takes a longer time.

4) Delay in Transfer and Transmission of securities: 

More time is involved in transfer and transmission of securities as it involves actual handling of physical certificates.

5) Risk of Bad Delivery: 

Delivering certificates that are torn, forged, etc. creates problems in buying and selling of securities.


2) Explain any four advantages of Depository system to Investor.

Answer: Following are the advantages of Depository System to Investors:

1) Elimination of Risk: All risks associated with physical certificates like delays, lost, theft, mutilation, bad deliveries, etc. are totally eliminated.

2) Safety: It is the safest and secure way of holding securities. The entire system functions under the Depositor Act and is monitored b SEBI. e.g. The Investor can keep his account in a ‘Freeze / Lock’ mode to avoid/prevent unexpected debit or credit or both by giving instructions to the DP.

3) Easy Transfer of shares:

(a) Efforts in filling transfer forms and lodging the documents is eliminated.

(b) Also the stamp duty levied on transfer of physical shares is not applicable.

(c) Processing time in transfer of securities is reduced and neither the securities nor the cash is tied/held up for unnecessarily long time.

4) Updates and Intimation: The investor is provided with the status of the holdings and transactions by DP and occasionally by the Depository too.

5) Security against Loan: Dematerialised securities are preferred b banks and financial institutions as security against loan.

6) No concept of ‘Lots’: The system of odd and even lot stands abolished. The market lot is one share for dematerialized securities.


3) Explain four advantages of Depository system to the Company.

Answer: Following are the advantages of Depository System to Companies:

1) Up-to-date Information: The up-to-date information about investors is provided by the depository.

2) Reduction in costs and efforts: Costs, efforts and time involved in printing and distribution of certificates in cases of new issues, bonus, transfers, etc. is saved.

3) Better Investor-Company Relationships: The complaints arising out of loss of certificates, signature differences, long lapses of time in executing requests, etc. are substantially reduced. It leads to better communication with investors and increased goodwill for the company.

4) International Investment: Under Depositor System, better and quicker services can be provided and this attracts investments from abroad.


4) Explain Depositor as constituent of Depository System.

Answer: 

1) It is an organization like the Central Bank where securities are held in electronic form

at the investor’s request.

2) It also provides different services related to different transactions in such securities.

3) It is responsible for the safe-keeping of the investor’s securities.

4) There is no direct access of investors with the Depository.

5) It works as a link between the company and investors.


5) Explain DP as the constituent of Depository system.

Answer: Depository Participant (DP): 

  1. It is the agent of Depositor

  2. DP is registered under the SEBI Act. It enjoys rights and obligations as specified under SEBI (Depositor and Participants) Regulations of 1996.

  3. It is an intermediary appointed by Depository.

  4. DP acts as a link between Depositor and the investor.

  5. It directly deals with customers. It sends statements of accounts periodically.

  6. It functions like a securities bank.

  7. It facilitates Dematerialisation.

  8. It credits securities in the event of Rights Issue, Bonus Issue, etc.

  9. It handles instant transfers of pay-outs like dividend, interest, etc.

  10. It settles trade electronically.

  11. Following can work as DP’s :
    a) Financial Institutions
    b) Banks
    c) Approved Foreign Banks
    d) Custodians : Responsible for overseeing operations of assets/fund.
    e) Stock Brokers
    f) Clearing Corporation
    g) NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Company)
    h) Registrar to an Issue or Share Transfer Agents

  12. The DP maintains an account of securities of each investor.

  13. The DP has a unique number for identification.


Q.6 Justify the following statements.


1) Electronic holding of securities is safer than physical holding.

Answer:

a) Under a depository system securities are held in electronic form. 

b) All risks associated with physical certificates like delays, lost, theft, mutilation, bad deliveries, etc. are totally eliminated.

c) It is the safest and most secure way of holding securities.

d) It offers scope for paperless trading by using state-of-art technology.

e) It leads to the elimination of storage and handling of certificates.

f) Therefore, Electronic holding of securities is safer than physical holding.


2) Depository provides easy and quicker transfer of shares.

Answer: 

a) Under a depository system securities are held in electronic form.

b) The transfer and settlement of securities done electronically.

c) Efforts in filling transfer forms and lodging the documents is eliminated.

d) Also the stamp duty levied on the transfer of physical shares is not applicable.

e) Processing time in the transfer of securities is reduced and neither the securities nor the cash is tied/held up for unnecessarily a long time.

f) Hence, Depository provides easy and quicker transfer of shares.


3) Depository system results in reduced time, cost and efforts.

Answer: 

a) Under a depository system securities are held in electronic form.

b) The transfer and settlement of securities done electronically.

c) Processing time in the transfer of securities is reduced and neither the securities nor the cash is tied/held up for unnecessarily a long time.

d) Costs, efforts, and time involved in printing and distribution of certificates in cases of new issues, bonus, transfers, etc. is saved.

e) Efforts in filling transfer forms and lodging the documents is eliminated.

f) Also the stamp duty levied on the transfer of physical shares is not applicable.

g) Hence, the Depository system results in reduced time, cost and effort.


4) Depository system is very similar to the Banking system.

Answer: 

a) Banking system keeps the money safe. Similarly, the Depository system keeps the securities safe.

b) In bank funds are held in accounts having unique numbers. Similarly, Securities are held in accounts having

unique IDs.

c) Like banks, There is no physical handling of securities during allotments, transfers, etc.

d) In the banking system The transfer of funds between accounts is done. Similarly, in the Depository system, The transfer of securities between accounts is done.

e) Hence, the Depository system is very similar to the Banking system.


5) DP is an important constituent of the Depository system.

Answer:

  1. It is the agent of the Depositor. It is an intermediary appointed by Depository.

  2. DP is registered under the SEBI Act. It enjoys rights and obligations as specified under SEBI (Depositor and Participants) Regulations of 1996.

  3. DP acts as a link between Depositor and the investor.

  4. It directly deals with customers. It sends statements of accounts periodically.

  5. It functions like a securities bank. The DP maintains account of securities of each investor.

  6. It facilitates Dematerialisation.

  7. It credits securities in the event of Rights Issue, Bonus Issue, etc.

  8. It handles instant transfers of pa-outs like dividend, interest, etc.

  9. It settles trade electronically.

  10. Hence, DP is an important constituent of Depository system.


6) Depository system allows both : Physical to electronic and electronic to physical conversion.

Answer: 

a) Depository is an organization like the Central Bank where securities are held in electronic form at the investor’s request.

b) Depository system convert physical certificates into electronic and electronic into physical.

c) Dematerialization is a process whereby a client can get physical certificates converted into electronic mode.

d) Rematerialization is the process whereby a client can get his electronic holdings of securities converted into physical certificates.

e) All risks associated with physical certificates like delays, loss, theft, mutilation, bad deliveries, etc. are totally eliminated.

f) Hence, the Depository system allows both: Physical to electronic and electronic to physical conversion.


7) ISIN is necessary component of Demat.

Answer:

1) It is a code that uniquely identifies a specific securities issue.

2) ISINs in any country are allotted by that country’s NNA (National Numbering Agency)

3) ISIN is a standard numbering system that is accepted globally.

4) In India, issuing ISIN to securities is assigned by SEBI to NSDL (for demated shares) SEBI works as NNA in India.

5) For Government securities, allotment of ISIN is done by the RBI.

6) ISIN consists of a 12 (Twelve) digit alpha-numeric code which is divided in 3 (Three) parts.

7) The company has to apply for ISIN for its securities with documents like prospectus.

8) Hence, ISIN is a necessary component of Demat.


Q.7 Answer the following


1) What is Depository System and explain its advantages.

Answer: 

Under Depositor System, securities are held in electronic form. The transfer and settlement of securities are done electronically. The Depositor System maintains accounts of the shareholder, enables transfer, collects dividends, bonus shares, etc. on behalf of the shareholder. This system is also called as scripless trading system.

In India, the Depositor System was introduced b passing the Depositor Act in 1996. Under this Act, a competitive multi-depositor system consisting of two depositories, viz. NSDL and CDSL were set up. It will be of interest to note that the world’s first Depositor was set up in 1947 in Germany.


Advantages of Depository System to Investors:


1) Elimination of Risk: All risks associated with physical certificates like delays, lost, theft, mutilation, bad deliveries, etc. are totally eliminated.

2) Safety: It is the safest and secure way of holding securities. The entire system functions under the Depositor Act and is monitored b SEBI. e.g. The Investor can keep his account in a ‘Freeze / Lock’ mode to avoid/prevent unexpected debit or credit or both by giving instructions to the DP.

3) Easy Transfer of shares:

(a) Efforts in filling transfer forms and lodging the documents is eliminated.

(b) Also the stamp duty levied on transfer of physical shares is not applicable.

(c) Processing time in transfer of securities is reduced and neither the securities nor the cash is tied/held up for unnecessarily long time.

4) Updates and Intimation: The investor is provided with the status of the holdings and transactions by DP and occasionally by the Depository too.

5) Security against Loan: Dematerialised securities are preferred b banks and financial institutions as security against loan.

6) No concept of ‘Lots’: The system of odd and even lot stands abolished. The market lot is one share for dematerialized securities.

7) Nomination Facility: Individual Investors can avail of nomination facility. This simplifies the process in the event of the death of the investor.

8) Automatic Credit: The account of investor is automatically credited/debited in case of a change initiated by the company which impacts the securities. This is called ‘Corporate Action’. Few examples which can be termed as Corporate Action are Payment of Dividend, Issue of Bonus Shares, Offering of Rights Shares, Early Redemption of Debentures, Mergers and Acquisitions, etc.


Advantages of Depository System to Companies:

1) Up-to-date Information: The up-to-date information about investors is provided by the depository.

2) Reduction in costs and efforts: Costs, efforts and time involved in printing and distribution of certificates in cases of new issues, bonus, transfers, etc. is saved.

3) Better Investor-Company Relationships: The complaints arising out of loss of certificates, signature differences, long lapses of time in executing requests, etc. are substantially reduced. It leads to better communication with investors and increased goodwill for the company.

4) International Investment: Under Depositor System, better and quicker services can be provided and this attracts investments from abroad.


2) Explain the constituents of Depository system.

Answer: 

Under Depositor System, securities are held in electronic form. The transfer and settlement of securities are done electronically. The Depositor System maintains accounts of the shareholder, enables transfer, collects dividends, bonus shares, etc. on behalf of the shareholder. This system is also called as scripless trading system.

All operations under the Depository System is performed by Depository with the help of its constituents as explained below

(1) The Depository

1) It is an organization like the Central Bank where securities are held in electronic form at the investor’s request.

2) It also provides different services related to different transactions in such securities.

3) It is responsible for the safe-keeping of the investor’s securities.

4) There is no direct access of investors with the Depository.

5) It works as a link between the company and investors.

(2) Depository Participant (DP)

  1. It is the agent of Depositor

  2. DP is registered under the SEBI Act. It enjoys rights and obligations as specified under SEBI (Depositor and Participants) Regulations of 1996.

  3. It is an intermediary appointed by the Depository.

  4. DP acts as a link between Depositor and the investor.

  5. It directly deals with customers. It sends statements of accounts periodically.

  6. It functions like a securities bank.

  7. It facilitates Dematerialisation.

  8. It credits securities in the event of Rights Issue, Bonus Issue, etc.

  9. It handles instant transfers of pay-outs like dividend, interest, etc.

  10. It settles trade electronically.

  11. The following can work as DP’s :
    a) Financial Institutions
    b) Banks
    c) Approved Foreign Banks
    d) Custodians : Responsible for overseeing operations of assets/fund.
    e) Stock Brokers
    f) Clearing Corporation
    g) NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Company)
    h) Registrar to an Issue or Share Transfer Agents

  12. The DP maintains an account of securities of each investor.

  13. The DP has a unique number for identification.

(3) The Beneficial Owner (BO)

  1. The BO is the investor of securities who has availed the services of Depositor Participant.

  2. BO is entitled to all rights, benefits and is subject to all liabilities with respect to securities held by Depository.

  3. The BO can also be called as a client of Depositor and DP.

  4. BO Client is required to open a Demat account with the DP for electronic holding of securities. BO has to pay charges to the DP for availing the services of DP.

  5. BO is given a unique account number in which securities are held.

(4) The Issuer Company

  1. It means the company which has issued the securities which are dematerialized.

  2. It must register with the Depository.