GDP and its Growth: Short Answer Questions | Economics Class 10

Gross Domestic Product and its Growth: an Introduction

10th Social Science : Economics : Chapter 1

Give short answer

1. Define National income.

National income is a measure of the total value of goods and services produced by an economy over a period of time, normally a year.

2. What is meant by Gross domestic product?

Gross Domestic Product is the total value of output of goods and services produced by the factors of production within the geographical boundaries of the country.

3. Write the importance of Gross domestic product.

(i) Study of Economic growth

(ii) Problems of inflation and deflation

(iii) Estimate the purchasing power

(iv) Guide to economic planning

(v) Comparison with developd countries of the world

(vi) Study of Public sector

4. What is per capita income?

(i) Per capita income is obtained by dividing the National income by the population of a country.

(ii) Per capita income = National income / Population

(iii) It is an indicator to show the living standard of people in a country.

5. Define the value added approach with example.

(i) In the value-added approach the value added by each intermediate goods is summed to estimate the value of the final goods.

(ii) The sum of the value added by all the intermediate goods used in production gives us the total value of the final goods produced in the economy.

(iii) Eg. To measure the market value of a cup of tea is, to add the value of each intermediate goods used to produce it such as tea powder, milk and sugar.

(iv) Value added method: Tea powder + Milk + Sugar = Tea

                   Value of intermediate goods = Value of final goods

6. Write the name of ecnomic policies in India.

(i) Agricultural policy

(ii) Industrial policy

(iii) New economic policy

7. Write a short note
i) Gross National Happiness(GNH)
ii) Human Development Index(HDI)

Gross National Happiness:

(i) The term Gross National Happiness was coined in 1972.

(ii) The king of Bhutan said in an interview, "Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National Product".

(iii) The UN General Assembly urged its member countries to follow the example of Bhutan and said happiness "a fundamental human goal".

(iv) The four pillars of GNH are:-

(v) Sustainable and equitable socio - economic development, environmental conservation, preservation and promotion of culture and good governance.

Human Development Index (HDI):

(i) This concept was introduced by Mahbub ul Haq, a Pakistani economist.

(ii) The HDI is a composite index of life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate and standard of living measured as a logarithmatic function of GDP, adjusted to purchasing power parity.

State Government in India: Civics Questions and Answers | 10th Social Science

State Government of India | Civics

Chapter: 10th Social Science : Civics : Chapter 3 : State Government of India

V. Answer the brief questions

1. What is the importance of the Governor of a state?

• The Governor is the constitutional head of the state executive.
• The administration of the state is carried on in the name of the Governor.
• The executive powers of the state are vested in the Governor.
• Each bill passed by the state legislature becomes law only with his signature.

2. What are the qualifications for the appointment of Governor?

• He should be a citizen of India.
• He must have completed 35 years of age.
• He should not be a member of Parliament or of any state legislature. If he is a member of any of the legislature, he automatically vacates his seat on assuming the office.
• He should not hold any other profitable occupation.

3. What is the original jurisdiction of the High Court?

• The High Court has original jurisdiction only in matters of admiralty, probate, matrimonial and contempt of court.
• It also has original jurisdiction over cases in which the amount involved is more than Rs. 2000 and in criminal cases which are committed to them by the Presidency Magistrates.

4. What do you understand by the “Appellate Jurisdiction” of the High Court?

• The High Courts entertain appeal in civil and criminal cases from subordinate courts as well as on their own.
• They have no jurisdiction over tribunals of armed forces.

Indian Constitution: One Mark Questions and Answers | Class 10 Civics Chapter 1

Indian Constitution | Civics | Social Science - One Mark Questions Answers

10th Social Science : Civics : Chapter 1 : Indian Constitution

I. Choose the Correct Answer

1. Which of the following sequences in right regarding the Preamble?

• (a) Republic, democratic, secular, socialist, sovereign
• (b) Sovereign, socialist, secular, republic, democratic
• (c) Sovereign, republic, secular, socialist, democratic
• (d) Sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic

Ans: (d)

2. How many times has the Preamble to the Constitution of India amended?

• (a) Once
• (b) Twice
• (c) Thrice
• (d) Never

Ans: (a)

3. A foreigner can acquire Indian citizenship through

• (a) Descent
• (b) Registration
• (c) Naturalisation
• (d) All of the above

Ans: (c)

4. Find the odd one out.

• (a) Right to Equality
• (b) Right against Exploitation
• (c) Right to Property
• (d) Cultural and Educational Rights

Ans: (c)

5. One of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right?

• (a) Workers from Karnataka go to Kerala to work on the farms
• (b) Christian missions set up a chain of missionary schools
• (c) Men and Women government employees got the same salary.
• (d) Parents property is inherited by their children

Ans: (d)

6. Which one of the following rights was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the heart and soul of the Constitution?

• (a) Right to freedom of religion
• (b) Right to equality
• (c) Right to Constitutional remedies
• (d) Right to property

Ans: (c)

7. How can the Fundamental Rights be suspended?

• (a) If the Supreme Court so desires
• (b) If the Prime Minister orders to this effect
• (c) If the President orders it during the national emergency
• (d) All of the above

Ans: (c)

8. We borrowed the Fundamental Duties from the

• (a) American Constitution
• (b) Canadian Constitution
• (c) Russian Constitution
• (d) Irish Constitution

Ans: (c)

9. Under which Article financial emergency can be proclaimed?

• (a) Article 352
• (b) Article 356
• (c) Article 360
• (d) Article 368

Ans: (c)

10. Which of the following committees/ commissions made recommendations about the Centre-State Relations?

1. Sarkaria Commission
2. Rajamannar Committee
3. M.N.Venkatachaliah Commission

Select the correct answer from the codes given below

• (a) 1, 2 & 3
• (b) 1 & 2
• (c) 1 & 3
• (d) 2 & 3

Ans: (b)

II. Fill in the Blanks

1. The concept of constitution first originated in the USA.
2. Sachchidananda Sinha was elected as the temporary President of the Constituent Assembly.
3. The Constitution of India was adopted on November 26, 1949.
4. Five writs are mentioned in Article 32.
5. Fundamental duties have been given to the citizen of India under Article 51A.

III. Match the Following

Attempt the Match

• 1. Citizenship Act
• 2. The Preamble
• 3. The mini Constitution
• 4. Classical language
• 5. National Emergency

• Jawaharlal Nehru
• 42nd Amendment
• 1955
• 1962
• Tamil

Show Solution

Answer:

• 1. Citizenship Act - 1955
• 2. The Preamble - Jawaharlal Nehru
• 3. The mini Constitution - 42nd Amendment
• 4. Classical language - Tamil
• 5. National Emergency - 1962

Indian Constitution Interactive Quiz

I. Choose the Correct Answer

1. Which of the following sequences in right regarding the Preamble?

Republic, democratic, secular, socialist, sovereign Sovereign, socialist, secular, republic, democratic Sovereign, republic, secular, socialist, democratic Sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic

2. How many times has the Preamble to the Constitution of India amended?

Once Twice Thrice Never

3. A foreigner can acquire Indian citizenship through

Descent Registration Naturalisation All of the above

4. Find the odd one out.

Right to Equality Right against Exploitation Right to Property Cultural and Educational Rights

5. One of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right?

Workers from Karnataka go to Kerala to work on the farms Christian missions set up a chain of missionary schools Men and Women government employees got the same salary. Parents property is inherited by their children

6. Which one of the following rights was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the heart and soul of the Constitution?

Right to freedom of religion Right to equality Right to Constitutional remedies Right to property

7. How can the Fundamental Rights be suspended?

If the Supreme Court so desires If the Prime Minister orders to this effect If the President orders it during the national emergency All of the above

8. We borrowed the Fundamental Duties from the

American Constitution Canadian Constitution Russian Constitution Irish Constitution

9. Under which Article financial emergency can be proclaimed?

Article 352 Article 356 Article 360 Article 368

10. Which of the following committees/ commissions made recommendations about the Centre-State Relations?

1. Sarkaria Commission
2. Rajamannar Committee
3. M.N.Venkatachaliah Commission

Select the correct answer from the codes given below

1, 2 & 3 1 & 2 1 & 3 2 & 3

II. Fill in the Blanks (as MCQs)

11. The concept of constitution first originated in __________.

the UK France the USA India

12. __________ was elected as the temporary President of the Constituent Assembly.

Sachchidananda Sinha B.R. Ambedkar Rajendra Prasad Jawaharlal Nehru

13. The Constitution of India was adopted on __________.

August 15, 1947 November 26, 1949 January 26, 1950 October 2, 1948

14. __________ writs are mentioned in Article 32.

Three Five Seven Ten

15. Fundamental duties have been given to the citizen of India under Article __________.

14 32 368 51A

III. Match the Following

1. Citizenship Act -- Select Match -- Jawaharlal Nehru 42nd Amendment 1955 1962 Tamil Correct: 1955

2. The Preamble -- Select Match -- Jawaharlal Nehru 42nd Amendment 1955 1962 Tamil Correct: Jawaharlal Nehru

3. The mini Constitution -- Select Match -- Jawaharlal Nehru 42nd Amendment 1955 1962 Tamil Correct: 42nd Amendment

4. Classical language -- Select Match -- Jawaharlal Nehru 42nd Amendment 1955 1962 Tamil Correct: Tamil

5. National Emergency -- Select Match -- Jawaharlal Nehru 42nd Amendment 1955 1962 Tamil Correct: 1962

Human Geography of Tamil Nadu: Give Reasons | 10th Social Science

Human Geography of Tamil Nadu | Geography

10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 8

VII. Give reasons for the following

1. Farmers switch over from inorganic to organic farming.

In organic farming synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulator and livestock feed additives are not used. Organic farming rely on crop rotation, crop residues, animal manure, off farm organic wastes and biological pest control to maintain soil productivity.

2. Cities are densely populated than the villages.

Cities are densely populated than villages because cities will have all the facilities like market, hospitals, schools, colleges, libraries, transport, Industrial development and so on. Cities will also have places for recreation.

3. Karur is Called the Textile Capital of Tamil Nadu.

Textile industries are highly concentrated in Karur. Karur contributes a major share to the state's economy through textiles. So Karur is called the Textile Capital of Tamil Nadu.

Human Geography of Tamil Nadu: 10th Social Science Book Back One Mark Questions and Answers

Human Geography of Tamil Nadu - One Mark Questions Answers

Chapter: 10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 8 : Human Geography of Tamil Nadu

EXERCISE: I. Choose the correct answer II. Fill in the blanks III Match the following IV. Questions 1-2 are assertion and reasoning type - Book Back Important Questions, Answers, Solutions - One Mark Questions Answers

I. Choose the correct answer

1. The delta which is known as Granary of South India is

• a) Cauvery delta
• b) Mahanadi delta
• c) Godavari delta
• d) Krishna delta

Ans: (a)

2. Second staple food of the people of Tamil Nadu is

• a) Pulses
• b) Millets
• c) Oilseeds
• d) Rice

Ans: (b)

3. A major hydro-electric power project of Tamil Nadu is

• a) Mettur
• b) Papansam
• c) Sathanur
• d) Thungabahdra

Ans: (a)

4. Number of major and minor ports in Tamil Nadu are

• a) 3 and 15
• b) 4 and15
• c) 3 and16
• d) 4 and15

Ans: (a)

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Agriculture of Tamil Nadu constitutes 21 % of its economy.

2. Sathanur dam is constructed across the river Thenpennai.

3. Chennai is the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi.

4. The difference between the value of exports and imports is called balance of trade.

III. Match the following

Match the mineral with its location:

• Bauxite
• Gypsum
• Iron
• Limestone

• Salem
• Servaroy hills
• Coimbatore
• Tiruchirapalli

Click to see the correct answer

1. Bauxite – Servaroy hills

2. Gypsum – Tiruchirapalli

3. Iron – Salem

4. Limestone – Coimbatore

IV. Questions 1-2 are assertion and reasoning type

1.

Assertion (A): Coimbatore, Tiruppur and Erode region is called as The Textile Valley of Tamil Nadu.

Reason (R): They contribute a major share to the states economy through textiles.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but, (R) does not explain (A)
• (c) (A) is true but (R) is false
• (d) (A) is false but (R) is true

Ans: (a)

2.

Assertion (A): The Nilgiris is the least populated district of Tamil Nadu

Reason (R): It is located in the western most part of Tamil Nadu.

• (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A)
• (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but, (R) does not explain (A)
• (c) (A) is true but (R) is false
• (d) (A) is false but (R) is false

Ans: (b)

Human Geography of Tamil Nadu Quiz

1. The delta which is known as Granary of South India is

Cauvery delta Mahanadi delta Godavari delta Krishna delta

2. Second staple food of the people of Tamil Nadu is

Pulses Millets Oilseeds Rice

3. A major hydro-electric power project of Tamil Nadu is

Mettur Papansam Sathanur Thungabahdra

4. Number of major and minor ports in Tamil Nadu are

3 and 15 4 and 15 3 and 16 4 and 16

5. Agriculture of Tamil Nadu constitutes ___% of its economy.

11 21 31 41

6. Sathanur dam is constructed across the river ___.

Cauvery Vaigai Thenpennai Palar

7. ___ is the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi.

Chennai Coimbatore Madurai Tiruchirappalli

8. The difference between the value of exports and imports is called ___.

trade deficit trade surplus balance of payment balance of trade

9. Match the mineral with its location:

Bauxite Select location... Salem Servaroy hills Coimbatore Tiruchirapalli

Gypsum Select location... Salem Servaroy hills Coimbatore Tiruchirapalli

Iron Select location... Salem Servaroy hills Coimbatore Tiruchirapalli

Limestone Select location... Salem Servaroy hills Coimbatore Tiruchirapalli

10.

Assertion (A): Coimbatore, Tiruppur and Erode region is called as The Textile Valley of Tamil Nadu.

Reason (R): They contribute a major share to the states economy through textiles.

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A) Both (A) and (R) are true but, (R) does not explain (A) (A) is true but (R) is false (A) is false but (R) is true

11.

Assertion (A): The Nilgiris is the least populated district of Tamil Nadu

Reason (R): It is located in the western most part of Tamil Nadu.

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) explains (A) Both (A) and (R) are true but, (R) does not explain (A) (A) is true but (R) is false (A) is false but (R) is false

World War II: Detailed Answers on Effects and UN Structure | 10th Social Science

World War II | History | Social Science

Chapter: 10th Social Science : History : Chapter 3 : World War II

Answer in detail

VI. Answer in detail

1. Analyse the effects of the World War II.

World War II began in 1939 and ended in 1945. It was a modern war fought with heavy military equipment. The total death toll was 24 million soldiers and 50 million civilians.

New geo-political power alignment:

World War II changed the world in fundamental ways. The world was polarized into two main blocs led by super powers.

• One was led by the United States (Anti Communist ideology)
• The other was led by Soviet Russia (Communist.ideology)

Europe was divided into Communist and Non-Communist

Nuclear proliferation:

• The United States and the Soviet Union entered into a race to have more nuclear powered weapons.
• They built a large stockpile of such weapons.

International agencies:

Many international agencies in particular the United Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund came into existence providing a forum for countries large and small.

Decolonization:

• Colonial powers were forced to give independence to former colonies in a process of decolonization.
• India was the first country to achieve independence.

2. Assess the structure and the activities of the UN.

The United Nations now has 193 member states and each one - big or small has an equal vote in the United Nations.

The structure of the United Nations:

General Assembly:

The organs of UN are similar to a government Legislative, Executive and Judicial wings. The General Assembly is the body in which each member state is represented.

Security Council:

Next is the Security Council. It has 5 permanent members and 10 temporary members. Major issues and conflicts and discussed here.

Secretariat:

The Secretariat is the executive wing. It is headed by the Secretary General. The Secretary General is elected by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.

The International Court of Justice:

The International Court of Justice is the judicial wing of the United Nations. It is located at The Hague in Holland.

The Economic and Social Council:

The Economic and Social Council is the 5th organ of the U.N. It co-ordinates all the economic and social works of the United Nations.

Other organs:

FAO, WHO, UNESCO, UNICEF and UNDP are other special organizations of the UN. They deal with areas like food, health, education and culture.

Activities of the UN:

• The United Nations has expanded its activities in response to the changing problems facing the world.
• In the 1960s, decolonization was an important issue.
• Human rights, the problems of refugees, climate change, gender equality are all now within the ambit of the activities of the UN.
• The UN Peace Keeping Force has acted in many areas of conflict all over the world.
• As a part of the Peace Keeping Force Indian army has been deployed in many parts of the world.

VII. Students Activity

1. Marking the Allies and Axis countries, as well as important battlefields of World War II in a world map.

VIII. Map Work

Mark the following on the world map.

1. Axis Power Countries
2. Allied Power Countries
3. Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hawai Island, Moscow, San Fransico

The World between Two World Wars: One Mark Questions | 10th Social Science History Ch 2

The World between Two World Wars

10th Social Science : History : Chapter 2

EXERCISE: One Mark Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

1. With whom of the following was the Lateran Treaty signed by Italy?

a) Germany

b) Russia

c) Pope

d) Spain

Ans: (c)

2. With whose conquest did the Mexican civilization collapse?

a) Hernan Cortes

b) Francisco Pizarro

c) Toussaint Louverture

d) Pedro I

Ans: (a)

3. Who made Peru as part of their dominions?

a) English

b) Spaniards

c) Russians

d) French

Ans: (b)

4. Which President of the USA pursued “Good Neighbour” policy towards Latin America?

a) Franklin D.Roosevelt

b) Truman

c) Woodrow Wilson

d) Eisenhower

Ans: (a)

5. Which part of the world disliked dollar imperialism?

a) Europe

b) Latin America

c) India

d) China

Ans: (b)

II. Fill in the blanks

1. The founder of the Social Democratic Party was Ferdinand Lassalle.

2. The Nazi Party’s propaganda was led by Josef Goebbels.

3. The Vietnam Nationalist Party was formed in 1927.

4. The Secret State Police in Nazi Germany was known as The Gestape.

5. The Union of South Africa came into being in May 1910.

6. The ANC leader Nelson Mandela was put behind the bars for 27 years.

7. Boers were also known as Afrikaners.

III. Choose the correct statement

1.

i) During World War I the primary task of Italy was to keep the Austrians occupied on the Southern Front

ii) Germany took to Fascism much later than Italy.

iii) The first huge market crash in the US occurred on 24 October 1929.

iv) The ban on African National Congress was lifted in 1966.

a) i) and ii) are correct

b) iii) is correct

c) iii) and iv) are correct

d) i), ii) and iii) are correct

Ans: (d)

2. Assertion: A new wave of economic nationalism which expressed itself in protectionism affected the world trade.

Reason: This was because the USA was not willing to provide economic aid to the debtor countries.

a) Both A and R are correct

b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation

c) Both A and R are wrong

d) R is right but it has no relevance to A

Ans: (b)

3. Assertion: The Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884–85 had resolved that Africa should be divided into spheres of influence of various colonial powers.

Reason: The war between the British and Boers in South Africa, however, was in defiance of this resolution.

a) Both A and R are right

b) A is right but R is not the right reason

c) Both A and R are wrong

d) A is wrong and R has no relevance to A

Ans: (a)

IV. Match the Following

Attempt to match the items from Column A with the correct items from Column B.

Column A

1. Transvaal

2. Tongking

3. Hindenburg

4. Third Reich

5. Matteotti

Column B

a. Germany

b. Hitler

c. Italy

d. gold

e. guerilla activities

Click to see the Answers

1. Transvaal - gold

2. Tongking - guerilla activities

3. Hindenburg - Germany

4. Third Reich - Hitler

5. Matteotti - Italy

The World between Two World Wars

10th Social Science : History : Chapter 2 : Interactive Quiz

I. Choose the correct answer

With whom of the following was the Lateran Treaty signed by Italy?

a) Germany b) Russia c) Pope d) Spain

---

With whose conquest did the Mexican civilization collapse?

a) Hernan Cortes b) Francisco Pizarro c) Toussaint Louverture d) Pedro I

---

Who made Peru as part of their dominions?

a) English b) Spaniards c) Russians d) French

---

Which President of the USA pursued “Good Neighbour” policy towards Latin America?

a) Franklin D.Roosevelt b) Truman c) Woodrow Wilson d) Eisenhower

---

Which part of the world disliked dollar imperialism?

a) Europe b) Latin America c) India d) China

II. Fill in the blanks

1. The founder of the Social Democratic Party was -- Select -- Ferdinand Lassalle Karl Marx Otto von Bismarck .

2. The Nazi Party’s propaganda was led by -- Select -- Heinrich Himmler Josef Goebbels Hermann Göring .

3. The Vietnam Nationalist Party was formed in -- Select -- 1919 1932 1927 .

4. The Secret State Police in Nazi Germany was known as -- Select -- The Gestapo The SS The KGB .

5. The Union of South Africa came into being in May -- Select -- 1899 1910 1948 .

6. The ANC leader Nelson Mandela was put behind the bars for -- Select -- 15 27 40 years.

7. Boers were also known as -- Select -- Zulus Afrikaners Huguenots .

III. Choose the correct statement

i) During World War I the primary task of Italy was to keep the Austrians occupied on the Southern Front

ii) Germany took to Fascism much later than Italy.

iii) The first huge market crash in the US occurred on 24 October 1929.

iv) The ban on African National Congress was lifted in 1966.

a) i) and ii) are correct b) iii) is correct c) iii) and iv) are correct d) i), ii) and iii) are correct

---

Assertion (A): A new wave of economic nationalism which expressed itself in protectionism affected the world trade.

Reason (R): This was because the USA was not willing to provide economic aid to the debtor countries.

a) Both A and R are correct b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation c) Both A and R are wrong d) R is right but it has no relevance to A

---

Assertion (A): The Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884–85 had resolved that Africa should be divided into spheres of influence of various colonial powers.

Reason (R): The war between the British and Boers in South Africa, however, was in defiance of this resolution.

a) Both A and R are right b) A is right but R is not the right reason c) Both A and R are wrong d) A is wrong and R has no relevance to A

IV. Match the Following

Select the correct match for each item in the first column from the dropdown menu.

1. Transvaal -- Select an Answer -- Germany Hitler Italy gold guerilla activities

2. Tongking -- Select an Answer -- Germany Hitler Italy gold guerilla activities

3. Hindenburg -- Select an Answer -- Germany Hitler Italy gold guerilla activities

4. Third Reich -- Select an Answer -- Germany Hitler Italy gold guerilla activities

5. Matteotti -- Select an Answer -- Germany Hitler Italy gold guerilla activities

Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath: Answer Briefly | 10th Social Science History

10th Social Science > History > Chapter 1: Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath

Answer Briefly

1. How do you assess the importance of Sino-Japanese War?

• In 1894, Japan forced a war on China.
• In the 1894-95 Sino-Japanese war little Japan defeated China and surprised the world.
• The European powers did not like the victory of Japan. Though Russia, Germany and France warned Japan, Japan annexed the Liaotung Peninsula with Port Arthur.
• By this annexure Japan proved that it was the strongest nation in the East Asia.

2. Name the countries in the Triple Entente.

• Britain
• France
• Russia

3. What were the three militant forms of nationalism in Europe?

• Jingoism (England)
• Chauvinism (France)
• Kultur (Germany)

4. What do you know of trench warfare?

• Trenches or ditches dug by troops enabled soldiers to safely stand and protect themselves from enemy fire.
• The main lines of trenches were connected to each other and to the rear by a series of linking trenches through which food, ammunition, fresh troops, mail and orders were delivered.
• The battle of Marne is a memorable one for Trench Warfare.

5. What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?

• Mustafa Kemal Pasha played a remarkable role for Turkey's rebirth as a nation.
• Kemal Pasha modernised Turkey and changed it out of all recognition.

6. List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.

• The League appeared to be an organisation of those who were victorious in the First World war.
• Since it lacked the military power of its own, it could not enforce its decisions.
• The founders of this peace organization underestimated the power of nationalism. The principles of "Collective Security" could not be applied in actual practice.

Plant and Animal Hormones: Class 10 Science Book Back Questions

Plant and Animal Hormones: Book Back Questions

I. Choose the correct answer

1. Gibberellins cause:

   • a) Shortening of genetically tall plants
   • b) Elongation of dwarf plants
   • c) Promotion of rooting
   • d) Yellowing of young leaves

2. The hormone which has positive effect on apical dominance is:

   • a) Cytokinin
   • b) Auxin
   • c) Gibberellin
   • d) Ethylene

3. Which one of the following hormones is naturally not found in plants:

   • a) 2, 4-D
   • b) GA3
   • c) Gibberellin
   • d) IAA

4. Avena coleoptile test was conducted by

   • a) Darwin
   • b) N. Smit
   • c) Paal
   • d) F.W. Went

5. To increase the sugar production in sugarcanes they are sprayed with _______

   • a) Auxin
   • b) Cytokinin
   • c) Gibberellins
   • d) Ethylene

6. LH is secreted by

   • a) Adrenal gland
   • b) Thyroid gland
   • c) Anterior pituitary
   • d) Hypothalamus.

7. Identify the exocrine gland

   • a) Pituitary gland
   • b) Adrenal gland
   • c) Salivary gland
   • d) Thyroid gland

8. Which organ acts as both exocrine gland as well as endocrine gland

   • a) Pancreas
   • b) Kidney
   • c) Liver
   • d) Lungs

9. Which one is referred as “Master Gland”?

   • a) Pineal gland
   • b) Pituitary gland
   • c) Thyroid gland
   • d) Adrenal gland

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Auxin causes cell elongation, apical dominance and prevents abscission.
2. Ethylene is a gaseous hormone involved in abscission of organs and acceleration of fruit ripening.
3. Abscissic acid causes stomatal closure.
4. Gibberellins induce stem elongation in rosette plants.
5. The hormone which has negative effect on apical dominance is cytokinin.
6. Calcium metabolism of the body is controlled by parathormone.
7. In the islets of Langerhans, beta cells secrete insulin.
8. The growth and functions of thyroid gland is controlled by thyroid stimulating hormone.
9. Decreased secretion of thyroid hormones in the children leads to cretinism.

III a) Match Column I with Columns II and III

Attempt to match the columns below before checking the answer.

Answer:

Column I : Column II : Column III

• Auxin : Coleoptile tip : Apical dominance
• Ethylene : Fruits : Ripening
• Abscisic acid : Chloroplast : Abscission
• Cytokinin : Coconut milk : Cell division
• Gibberellins : Gibberella fujikuroi : Internodal elongation

III b) Match the following hormones with their deficiency states

Attempt to match the hormones with their respective deficiency disorders.

Hormones - Disorders

• a) Thyroxine - Acromegaly
• b) Insulin - Tetany
• c) Parathormone - Simple goitre
• d) Growth hormone - Diabetes insipidus
• e) ADH - Diabetes mellitus

Answer:

Hormones - Disorders

• a) Thyroxine - Simple goitre
• b) Insulin - Diabetes mellitus
• c) Parathormone - Tetany
• d) Growth hormone - Acromegaly
• e) ADH - Diabetes insipidus

IV. State whether True or false, If false write the correct statement

1. A plant hormone concerned with stimulation of cell division and promotion of nutrient mobilization is cytokinin. - True
2. Gibberellins cause parthenocarpy in tomato. - True
3. Ethylene retards senescence of leaves, flowers and fruits. - False

   Correct Statement: Ethylene hastens senescence of leaves, flowers and fruits.

4. Exopthalmic goiter is due to the over secretion of thyroxine. - True
5. Pituitary gland is divided into four lobes. - False

   Correct Statement: Pituitary gland is divided into three lobes.

6. Estrogen is secreted by corpus luteum. - False

   Correct Statement: Estrogen is secreted by the graffian follicles of the ovary.

V. Assertion and Reasoning

Direction: In each of the following questions a statement of assertion (A) is given and a corresponding statement of reason (R) is given just below it. Mark the correct statement as.

• a. If both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A
• b. If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
• c. A is true but R is false
• d. Both A and R are false

1. Assertion: Application of cytokinin to marketed vegetables can keep them fresh for several days.

   Reason: Cytokinins delay senescence of leaves and other organs by mobilisation of nutrients.

   Answer: b. If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

2. Assertion (A): Pituitary gland is referred as “Master gland”.

   Reason (R): It controls the functioning of other endocrine glands.

   Answer: a. If both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A

3. Assertion (A): Diabetes mellitus increases the blood sugar levels.

   Reason (R): Insulin decreases the blood sugar levels.

   Answer: b. If both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

VI. Answer in a word or sentence

1. Which hormone promotes the production of male flowers in Cucurbits?

   Answer: Gibberellin.

2. Write the name of a synthetic auxin.

   Answer: 2,4 D (2, 4 Dichlorophenoxy Acetic acid).

3. Which hormone induces parthenocarpy in tomatoes?

   Answer: Gibberellin.

4. What is the hormone responsible for the secretion of milk in female after child birth?

   Answer: Prolactin.

5. Name the hormones which regulates water and mineral metabolism in man.

   Answer: Aldosterone.

6. Which hormone is secreted during emergency situation in man?

   Answer: Adrenalin.

7. Which gland secretes digestive enzymes and hormones?

   Answer: Pancreas.

8. Name the endocrine glands associated with kidneys.

   Answer: Adrenal gland.

VII. Short answer questions

1. What are synthetic auxins? Give examples.

   Artificially Synthesized Auxins that have properties like Auxins are called as Synthetic Auxins. Example : 2, 4 D (2,4 Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid)

2. What is bolting? How can it be induced artificially?

   Treatment of Rosette plants with Gibberellin induces sudden shoot elongation followed by flowering. This is called bolting.

3. Bring out any two physiological activities of abscisic acid.

   (i) ABA promotes the process of separation of leaves, flowers and fruits (abscission).

   (ii) During water stress and drought conditions ABA causes stomatal closure.

4. What will you do to prevent leaf fall and fruit drop in plants? Support your answer with reason.

   Spraying with Auxins can help to prevent leaf fall and fruit drop in a plant. This is because Auxins prevent the formation of a abscission layer which is formed before separation of plant parts.

5. What are chemical messengers?

   The hormones produced by the endocrine glands are called chemical messengers. They diffuse into the blood stream and are carried to distant parts of the body. They act on specific organs called target organs.

6. Write the differences between endocrine and exocrine gland.

   Endocrine Gland

   1. They are called ductless glands. Their secretions are carried by the blood stream.
   2. They produce hormones.
   3. Eg : Thyroid gland.

   Exocrine Gland

   1. They have ducts to carry their secretions.
   2. They produce enzymes.
   3. Eg : Salivary gland.

7. What is the role of parathormone?

   The parathormone regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. They act on bone, kidney and intestine to maintain blood calcium levels.

8. What are the hormones secreted by posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? Mention the tissues on which they exert their effect.

   The hormones secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland are

   (a) Vasopressin : In kidney tubules it increases reabsorption of water. It reduces loss of water through urine and hence the name antidiuretic hormone.

   (b) Oxytocin helps in the contraction of the smooth muscles of uterus at the time of child birth and milk ejection from the mammary gland after child birth.

9. Why are thyroid hormones refered as personality hormone?

   Thyroid hormone is essential for normal physical, mental and personality development. It is also known as personality hormone.

10. Which hormone requires iodine for its formation? What will happen if intake of iodine in our diet is low?

    (i) The hormone thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland requires iodine for its formation.

    (ii) If the intake of iodine in our diet is low, the thyroid gland will not be able to secrete sufficient quantity of thyroxine.

    (iii) This is called thyroid dysfunction and leads to hypothyroidism.

    (iv) The following diseases are caused due to hypothyroidism.

    (a) Simple Goitre (b) Cretinism (c) Myxoedema

VIII. Long answer questions

1. (a) Name the gaseous plant hormone. Describe its three different actions in plants.

   (b) Which hormone is known as stress hormone in plants ? Why?

   Answer:

   (a) Ethylene is the gaseous plant hormone. Its physiological effects are:

   • (i) Ethylene promotes the ripening of fruits. Eg : Apple, Mango, Banana, etc.
   • (ii) Ethylene inhibits the elongation of stem and root in dicots.
   • (iii) Ethylene hastens the senescence of leaves and flowers.

   (b) Abscisic acid (ABA) is a growth inhibitor which regulates abscission and dormancy. It increases tolerance of plants to various kinds of stress. So, it is also called as stress hormone. It is found in the chloroplast of plants.

2. Describe an experiment which demonstrates that growth stimulating hormone is produced at the tip of coleoptile.

   Answer:

   (i) Frits Warmolt Went, a Dutch biologist demonstrated the existence and effect of auxin in plants. He did a series of experiments in Avena coleoptiles.

   

   A. Germination of an oat seed

   B. Decapitate tip of coleoptile and place on agar block

   C. Agar block is placed on top of the decapitated tip of the seedling

   (ii) In his first experiment, he removed the tips of Avena coleoptiles. The cut tips did not grow indicating that the tips produced something essential for growth.

   (iii) In his second experiment, he placed the agar blocks on the decapitated coleoptile tips. The coleoptile tips did not show any response.

   (iv) In his next experiment, he placed the detached coleoptile tips on agar blocks. After an hour, he discarded the tips and placed this agar block on the decapitated coleoptile.

   (v) It grew straight up indicating that some chemical had diffused from the cut coleoptiles tips into the agar block which stimulated the growth.

   (vi) From his experiments Went concluded that a chemical diffusing from the tip of coleoptiles was responsible for growth, and he named it as “Auxin” meaning ‘to grow”.

3. Write the physiological effects of gibberellins.

   Answer:

   • (i) Application of gibberellins on plants stimulate extraordinary elongation of internode. E.g: Corn and Pea.
   • (ii) Treatment of rosette plants with gibberellin induces sudden shoot elongation followed by flowering. This is called bolting.
   • (iii) Gibberellins promote the production of male flowers in monoecious plants (Cucurbits).
   • (iv) Gibberellins break dormancy of Potato tubers.
   • (v) Gibberellins are efficient than auxins in inducing the formation of seedless fruit - Parthenocarpic fruits (Development of fruits without fertilization) E.g: Tomato.

4. Where are estrogens produced? What is the role of estrogens in the human body?

   Answer:

   Estrogen is a female sex hormone and is produced by the Graafian follicles of the Ovary.

   Role of Estrogens in the human body:

   • (i) It brings about the changes that occur during puberty.
   • (ii) It initiates the process of oogenesis.
   • (iii) It stimulates the maturation of ovarian follicles in the ovary.
   • (iv) It promotes the development of secondary sexual characters (breast development, high pitched voice etc).

5. What are the conditions which occur due to lack of ADH and insulin? How are the conditions different from one another?

   Answer:

   (a) ADH - Anti diuretic hormone produced by posterior lobe of pituitary gland and is also known as Vasopressin. Deficiency of ADH reduces reabsorption of water and causes an increase in urine output (polyuria). This deficiency disorder is called Diabetes insipidus.

   Insulin - Hormone produced by beta cells of Islets of Langerhans. The deficiency of insulin causes Diabetes mellitus. It is charactersied by:

   • (i) Increase in blood sugar level (Hyperglycemia).
   • (ii) Excretion of excess glucose in the urine (Glycosuria).
   • (iii) Frequent urination (Polyuria).
   • (iv) Increased thirst (Polydipsia).
   • (v) Increase in appetite (Polyphagia).

   (b) Diabetes insipidus results in increase of urine output. In the case of diabetes mellitus there is frequent urination (polyuria) and excess of glucose is also secreted along with urine. (Glycosuria).

IX. Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)

1. What would be expected to happen if:

   a. Gibberellin is applied to rice seedlings.

   b. A rotten fruit gets mixed with unripe fruits.

   c. When cytokinin is not added to culture medium.

   Answer:

   a. Gibberellin will cause internodal elongation in rice.

   b. The rotten fruit will produce lot of Ethylene and the unripe fruits will begin to ripen quickly.

   c. Cytokinin induces cell division. If it is not added to culture medium, division of cells will not occur and the cultured tissue will not show growth.

2. A plant hormone was first discovered in Japan when rice plants were suffering from Bakanae disease caused by Gibberella fujikoroi. Based on this information answer the following questions:

   a. Identify the hormone involved in this process.

   b. Which property of this hormone causes the disease?

   c. Give two functions of this hormone.

   Answer:

   a. Gibberellin

   b. Application of gibberellins on plants stimulate extraordinary elongation of internode. This causes Bakanae disease.

   c. 1. Gibberellin breaks dormancy of Potato tubers. 2. They promote the production of male flowers in monoecious plants (Cucurbits).

3. Senthil has high blood pressure, protruded eyeball and an increased body temperature. Name the endocrine gland involved and hormone secretion responsible for this condition.

   Answer:

   Endocrine gland - Thyroid gland.

   Hormone - Thyroxine (Excess secretion).

4. Sanjay is sitting in the exam hall. Before the start of the exam , he sweats a lot, with increased rate of heart beat. Why does this condition occur?

   Answer:

   Sanjay is sitting in the exam hall. He is tensed about the exam and is worried. In stressful situation, the hormone Adrenaline is produced by Adrenal gland. It helps the body to handle stressful situations as follows and is produced during conditions of stress and emotion.

   (i) It increases heart beat and blood pressure.

   (ii) It decreases blood flow through the skin. Thus Sanjay sweats a lot and has increased rate of heart beat.

5. Susan’s father feels very tired and frequently urinates. After clinical diagnosis he was advised to take an injection daily to maintain his blood glucose level. What would be the possible cause for this? Suggest preventive measures.

   Answer:

   (i) Susans' father must be suffering from Diabetes mellitus.

   (ii) Due to deficiency of the hormone insulin produced by the pancreas his blood sugar level would have increased.

   (iii) Therefore he would have been advised to take insulin injection daily to maintain his blood glucose level.

   (iv) Frequent urination is a symptom of the disease and excess glucose is also lost from the body through urine. Therefore he would feel tired.

   Preventive measures for Diabetes Mellitus :

   (i) Intake of foods rich in protein and avoid sugary foods like fruit juices, fruits, starchy vegetables.

   (ii) Regular physical exercise.

   Intake of whole grains and wheat based products.

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