Showing posts with label Maths Answer Key. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Maths Answer Key. Show all posts

10th Maths Quarterly Exam 2024 Question Paper with Solutions - Kallakurichi District

10th Maths Quarterly Exam 2024-25 Solutions (Kallakurichi)

Solutions / ро╡ிроЯைроХро│்

рокроХுродி - I (Part - I)

1. A = {1,2,3,4,5} ро▓ிро░ுрои்родு B роОрой்ро▒ роХрогрод்родிро▒்роХு 1024 роЙро▒ро╡ுроХро│் роЙро│்ро│родு роОройிро▓், B ро▓் роЙро│்ро│ роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роОрог்рогிроХ்роХை

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЖ) 2

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்:

роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு, $n(A) = 5$. A-ропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு B-роХ்роХு роЙро│்ро│ роЙро▒ро╡ுроХро│ிрой் роОрог்рогிроХ்роХை = 1024.

роЙро▒ро╡ுроХро│ிрой் роОрог்рогிроХ்роХைроХ்роХாрой роЪூрод்родிро░роо்: $2^{n(A) \times n(B)}$

роЖроХро╡ே, $2^{5 \times n(B)} = 1024$.

роироороХ்роХுрод் родெро░ிропுроо், $1024 = 2^{10}$.

роОройро╡ே, $2^{5 \times n(B)} = 2^{10}$.

роЕроЯிрооாройроЩ்роХро│் роЪроорооாроХ роЗро░ுрок்рокродாро▓், роЕроЯுроХ்роХுроХро│ை роЪроорой்рокроЯுрод்родро▓ாроо்:

$5 \times n(B) = 10 \implies n(B) = \frac{10}{5} = 2$

B-ро▓் роЙро│்ро│ роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роОрог்рогிроХ்роХை 2 роЖроХுроо்.

2. $f(x) = (x+1)^3 - (x-1)^3$ роХுро▒ிрок்рокிроЯுроо் роЪாро░்рокாройродு

ро╡ிроЯை: (роИ) роЗро░ுрокроЯிроЪ் роЪாро░்рокு

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்:

$f(x) = (x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1) - (x^3 - 3x^2 + 3x - 1)$

$f(x) = x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1 - x^3 + 3x^2 - 3x + 1$

$f(x) = 6x^2 + 2$

роЗродு $x$-рой் роЕроЯுроХ்роХு 2 роРроХ் роХொрог்роЯ роТро░ு рокро▓்ро▓ுро▒ுрок்рокுроХ்роХோро╡ை. роОройро╡ே, роЗродு роТро░ு роЗро░ுрокроЯிроЪ் роЪாро░்рокு роЖроХுроо்.

3. ропூроХ்ро│ிроЯிрой் ро╡роХுрод்родро▓் родுрогைрод்родேро▒்ро▒рок்рокроЯி $a$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $b$ роОрой்ро▒ рооிроХை рооுро┤ுроХ்роХро│ுроХ்роХு родройிрод்род рооிроХைрооுро┤ுроХ்роХро│் $q$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $r$, $a=bq+r$ роОрой்ро▒ро╡ாро▒ு роЕрооைропுрооாройாро▓், роЗроЩ்роХு $r$ роЖройродு

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЗ) $0 \le r < b$

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: ропூроХ்ро│ிроЯிрой் ро╡роХுрод்родро▓் родுрогைрод்родேро▒்ро▒род்родிрой்рокроЯி, рооீродி '$r$' роЖройродு роОрок்рокொро┤ுродுроо் рокூроЪ்роЪிропрод்родிро▒்роХு роЪроорооாроХро╡ோ роЕро▓்ро▓родு роЕродிроХрооாроХро╡ோ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் ро╡роХுроХ்роХுроо் роОрог் '$b$'-роР ро╡ிроЯ роХுро▒ைро╡ாроХро╡ோ роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо். роОройро╡ே, $0 \le r < b$ роЖроХுроо்.

4. $A = 2^{65}$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $B = 2^{64} + 2^{63} + ... + 2^0$ роОройроХ் роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯுро│்ро│родு. рокிрой்ро╡ро░ுро╡ройро╡ро▒்ро▒ிро▓் роОродு роЙрог்рооை?

ро╡ிроЯை: (роИ) A роЖройродு B роР ро╡ிроЯ 1 роЕродிроХроо்

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: $B$ роОрой்рокродு роТро░ு рокெро░ுроХ்роХுрод் родொроЯро░் (GP) роЖроХுроо். рооுродро▓் роЙро▒ுрок்рокு $a = 2^0 = 1$, рокொродு ро╡ிроХிродроо் $r=2$, роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роОрог்рогிроХ்роХை $n=65$.

роХூроЯுродро▓் роЪூрод்родிро░роо்: $S_n = \frac{a(r^n - 1)}{r - 1}$

$B = \frac{1(2^{65} - 1)}{2 - 1} = 2^{65} - 1$.

роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு $A = 2^{65}$. роОройро╡ே, $B = A - 1$, роЕродாро╡родு $A = B+1$.

5. рооூрой்ро▒ு рооாро▒ிроХро│ிро▓் роЕрооைрои்род рооூрой்ро▒ு роиேро░ிропро▓் роЪроорой்рокாроЯுроХро│ிрой் родொроХுрок்рокிро▒்роХு родீро░்ро╡ுроХро│் роЗро▓்ро▓ைропெройிро▓் роЕрод்родொроХுрок்рокிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ родро│роЩ்роХро│்

ро╡ிроЯை: (роИ) роТрой்ро▒ைропொрой்ро▒ு ро╡ெроЯ்роЯாродு

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: роЕрод்родொроХுрок்рокிро▒்роХு родீро░்ро╡ு роЗро▓்ро▓ை роОрой்ро▒ாро▓், рооூрой்ро▒ு родро│роЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХுроо் рокொродுро╡ாрой рокுро│்ро│ி роОродுро╡ுроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ை. роЗродு рооூрой்ро▒ு родро│роЩ்роХро│ுроо் роТрой்ро▒ுроХ்роХொрой்ро▒ு роЗрогைропாроХ роЗро░ுрои்родு, роТрой்ро▒ைропொрой்ро▒ு ро╡ெроЯ்роЯாрооро▓் роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо்рокோродு роиிроХро┤ுроо்.

6. роХீро┤்роХ்роХрог்роЯро╡ро▒்ро▒ுро│் роОродு $y^2 + \frac{1}{y^2}$ роХ்роХுроЪ் роЪроорооிро▓்ро▓ை?

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЖ) $(y+\frac{1}{y})^2$

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: $(y+\frac{1}{y})^2 = y^2 + 2(y)(\frac{1}{y}) + \frac{1}{y^2} = y^2 + 2 + \frac{1}{y^2}$. роЗродு $y^2 + \frac{1}{y^2}$ роХ்роХுроЪ் роЪроорооிро▓்ро▓ை.

7. роТро░ு роЗро░ுрокроЯிроЪ் роЪроорой்рокாроЯ்роЯிрой் ро╡ро░ைрокроЯроо் роТро░ு

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЗ) рокро░ро╡ро│ைропроо்

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: $y = ax^2 + bx + c$ роОрой்ро▒ ро╡роЯிро╡ிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ роОрои்родро╡ொро░ு роЗро░ுрокроЯிроЪ் роЪроорой்рокாроЯ்роЯிрой் ро╡ро░ைрокроЯрооுроо் роТро░ு рокро░ро╡ро│ைропроо் (Parabola) роЖроХுроо்.

8. $\frac{AB}{DE} = \frac{BC}{FD}$ роОройிро▓், $\Delta ABC$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $\Delta DEF$ роОрок்рокொро┤ுродு ро╡роЯிро╡ொрод்родро╡ைропாроХ роЕрооைропுроо்.

ро╡ிроЯை: (роИ) $\angle B = \angle D$

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: рок-роХோ-рок (SAS) ро╡роЯிро╡ொрод்родрооை ро╡ிродிропிрой்рокроЯி, роЗро░ு рокроХ்роХроЩ்роХро│ிрой் ро╡ிроХிродроЩ்роХро│் роЪроорооாроХ роЗро░ுрои்родாро▓், роЕрок்рокроХ்роХроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роЗроЯைрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роХோрогроЩ்роХро│ுроо் роЪроорооாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо். $\Delta ABC$-ро▓் $AB, BC$-роХ்роХு роЗроЯைрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роХோрогроо் $\angle B$. $\Delta DEF$-ро▓் $DE, FD$-роХ்роХு роЗроЯைрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роХோрогроо் $\angle D$.

9. $\Delta ABC$-ро▓் $DE \parallel BC$, $AB = 3.6$ роЪெ.рооீ, $AC = 2.4$ роЪெ.рооீ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $AD = 2.1$ роЪெ.рооீ роОройிро▓் $AE$-рой் роиீро│роо்

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЕ) 1.4 роЪெ.рооீ

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: роЕроЯிрок்рокроЯை ро╡ிроХிродроЪроо родேро▒்ро▒род்родிрой்рокроЯி, $\frac{AD}{AB} = \frac{AE}{AC}$.

$\frac{2.1}{3.6} = \frac{AE}{2.4} \implies AE = \frac{2.1 \times 2.4}{3.6} = 1.4$ роЪெ.рооீ.

10. $x = 11$ роОройроХ் роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роЪроорой்рокாроЯாройродு

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЖ) Y - роЕроЪ்роЪுроХ்роХு роЗрогை

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: $x = 11$ роОрой்ро▒ роХோроЯு Y-роЕроЪ்роЪுроХ்роХு роЗрогைропாроХро╡ுроо், X-роЕроЪ்роЪை $(11,0)$ роОрой்ро▒ рокுро│்ро│ிропிро▓் ро╡ெроЯ்роЯுроо் роТро░ு роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родு роХோроЯாроХுроо்.

11. роХோроЯ்роЯுрод்родுрог்роЯு PQ-рой் роЪாроп்ро╡ு $\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$ роОройிро▓், PQ-роХ்роХு роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாрой роЗро░ுроЪроо ро╡ெроЯ்роЯிропிрой் роЪாроп்ро╡ு

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЖ) $-\sqrt{3}$

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: роТро░ு роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роЪாроп்ро╡ு $m_1$ роОройிро▓், роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாрой роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роЪாроп்ро╡ு $m_2 = -\frac{1}{m_1}$.

роЗроЩ்роХு, $m_1 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}$, роОройро╡ே $m_2 = -\frac{1}{1/\sqrt{3}} = -\sqrt{3}$.

12. роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯுроХро│ிро▓் роОрои்род роЬோроЯி роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாройродு?

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЕ) $l_1$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $l_3$ роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாройро╡ை

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: роЗро░ு роХோроЯுроХро│் роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХ $m_1 \times m_2 = -1$ роЖроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо்.

  • $l_1: 3y = 4x+5 \implies m_1 = \frac{4}{3}$
  • $l_3: 4y+3x=7 \implies m_3 = -\frac{3}{4}$

$m_1 \times m_3 = \frac{4}{3} \times (-\frac{3}{4}) = -1$. роОройро╡ே, $l_1, l_3$ роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாройро╡ை.

13. $\sin^2\theta + \frac{1}{1+\tan^2\theta}$ рой் роородிрок்рокு

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЖ) 1

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: $1 + \tan^2\theta = \sec^2\theta$ роОрой்рокродாро▓், роХோро╡ை $\sin^2\theta + \frac{1}{\sec^2\theta} = \sin^2\theta + \cos^2\theta = 1$ роЖроХுроо்.

14. $5x = \sec\theta$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $\frac{5}{x} = \tan\theta$, роОройிро▓் $x^2 - \frac{1}{x^2}$ рой் роородிрок்рокு

ро╡ிроЯை: (роЖ) $\frac{1}{25}$

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо்: рооுро▒்ро▒ொро░ுрооை $\sec^2\theta - \tan^2\theta = 1$-ро▓் рокிро░родிропிроЯ,

$(5x)^2 - (\frac{5}{x})^2 = 1 \implies 25x^2 - \frac{25}{x^2} = 1$

$25(x^2 - \frac{1}{x^2}) = 1 \implies x^2 - \frac{1}{x^2} = \frac{1}{25}$.

рокроХுродி - II (Part - II)

15. $B \times A = \{(-2,3), (-2,4), (0,3), (0,4), (3,3), (3,4)\}$ роОройிро▓் $A$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $B$ роЖроХிропро╡ро▒்ро▒ைроХ் роХாрог்роХ.

$B \times A$-ро▓், $B$ роОрой்рокродு рооுродро▓் роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роХрогроо் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $A$ роОрой்рокродு роЗро░рог்роЯாроо் роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роХрогроо்.

$B = \{-2, 0, 3\}$

$A = \{3, 4\}$

16. $f = \{(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,3),(5,4)\}$ роОрой்ро▒ роЪாро░்рокிройை (i) роЕроо்рокுроХ்роХுро▒ி рокроЯроо் (ii) роЕроЯ்роЯро╡рогை рооூро▓рооாроХроХ் роХுро▒ிроХ்роХро╡ுроо்.

(i) роЕроо்рокுроХ்роХுро▒ி рокроЯроо்:

Arrow Diagram
17. $7 \times 5 \times 3 \times 2+3$ роОрой்рокродு роТро░ு рокроХு роОрог்рогா? роЙройродு ро╡ிроЯைропை роиிропாропрок்рокроЯுрод்родுроХ.

роЖроо், роЗродு роТро░ு рокроХு роОрог்.

роиிропாропрок்рокроЯுрод்родுродро▓்: $7 \times 5 \times 3 \times 2+3 = 3 \times (7 \times 5 \times 2 + 1) = 3 \times (70+1) = 3 \times 71$.

роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роОрог்рогிро▒்роХு 1 рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роЕродே роОрог்рогைрод் родро╡ிро░ 3, 71 роЖроХிроп роХாро░рогிроХро│ுроо் роЙро│்ро│родாро▓் роЗродு роТро░ு рокроХு роОрог் роЖроХுроо்.

18. 4, 8, 16, ..., 8192 роОрой்ро▒ рокெро░ுроХ்роХுрод்родொроЯро░் ро╡ро░ிроЪைропிро▓ுро│்ро│ роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роОрог்рогிроХ்роХை роХாрог்роХ.

$a=4, r=2, t_n = 8192$.

$t_n = a \cdot r^{n-1} \implies 8192 = 4 \cdot 2^{n-1} \implies 2048 = 2^{n-1}$.

$2^{11} = 2^{n-1} \implies 11 = n-1 \implies n=12$.

роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роОрог்рогிроХ்роХை 12.

19. $8x^4y^2, 48x^2y^4$ рой் рооீ.рокொ.роо роХாрог்роХ. (Find the LCM of $8x^4y^2, 48x^2y^4$).

рокроЯி 1: роХெро┤ுроХ்роХро│ிрой் рооீ.рокொ.роо (LCM) роХாрог்рокோроо்.

роХெро┤ுроХ்роХро│் 8 рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் 48. $\text{рооீ.рокொ.роо}(8, 48) = 48$.

рокроЯி 2: рооாро▒ிроХро│ிрой் рооீ.рокொ.роо роХாрог்рокோроо்.

рооீ.рокொ.роо роХாрог, роТро╡்ро╡ொро░ு рооாро▒ிропிрой் рооிроХрок்рокெро░ிроп роЕроЯுроХ்роХை роОроЯுроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо்.

  • $x$-рой் рооாро▒ிроХро│ிро▓், $x^4$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $x^2$ -рой் рооிроХрок்рокெро░ிроп роЕроЯுроХ்роХு $x^4$ роЖроХுроо்.
  • $y$-рой் рооாро▒ிроХро│ிро▓், $y^2$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $y^4$ -╨╜ рооிроХрок்рокெро░ிроп роЕроЯுроХ்роХு $y^4$ роЖроХுроо்.

рокроЯி 3: роЗро░рог்роЯைропுроо் роЗрогைроХ்роХ.

рооொрод்род рооீ.рокொ.роо = (роХெро┤ுроХ்роХро│ிрой் рооீ.рокொ.роо) $\times$ (рооாро▒ிроХро│ிрой் рооீ.рокொ.роо)

$\text{рооீ.рокொ.роо} = 48 \times x^4y^4 = 48x^4y^4$

ро╡ிроЯை: $48x^4y^4$

20. $4x^2-7x-2=0$ роР роХாро░рогிрок்рокроЯுрод்родுродро▓் рооுро▒ைропை рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родி родீро░்роХ்роХ.

$4x^2 - 8x + x - 2 = 0 \implies 4x(x-2) + 1(x-2) = 0$.

$(4x+1)(x-2) = 0$.

родீро░்роХро│்: $x=2, x = -\frac{1}{4}$.

21. $\Delta ABC$ роЖройродு $\Delta DEF$ роХ்роХு ро╡роЯிро╡ொрод்родро╡ை. рооேро▓ுроо் $BC = 3$ роЪெ.рооீ, $EF = 4$ роЪெ.рооீ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $\Delta ABC$ рой் рокро░рок்рокு = $54 \text{ роЪெ.рооீ}^2$ роОройிро▓் $\Delta DEF$ рой் рокро░рок்рокைроХ் роХாрог்роХ.

$\frac{\text{рокро░рок்рокு}(\Delta ABC)}{\text{рокро░рок்рокு}(\Delta DEF)} = (\frac{BC}{EF})^2 \implies \frac{54}{\text{рокро░рок்рокு}(\Delta DEF)} = (\frac{3}{4})^2 = \frac{9}{16}$.

$\text{рокро░рок்рокு}(\Delta DEF) = \frac{54 \times 16}{9} = 96 \text{ роЪெ.рооீ}^2$.

22. роХோрог роЗро░ுроЪрооро╡ெроЯ்роЯிрод் родேро▒்ро▒род்родை роОро┤ுродுроХ.
Graph Question 44b

родேро▒்ро▒роо்: роТро░ு рооுроХ்роХோрогрод்родிрой் роТро░ு роХோрогрод்родிрой் роЙроЯ்рокுро▒ роЗро░ுроЪрооро╡ெроЯ்роЯிропாройродு роЕроХ்роХோрогрод்родிрой் роОродிро░்рокроХ்роХрод்родை, роЕроХ்роХோрогрод்родிройை роЕроЯроХ்роХிропுро│்ро│ рооро▒்ро▒ роЗро░ு рокроХ்роХроЩ்роХро│ிрой் ро╡ிроХிродрод்родிро▓் рокிро░ிроХ்роХுроо்.

$\Delta ABC$-ропிро▓், $\angle A$-рой் роЗро░ுроЪрооро╡ெроЯ்роЯி $AD$ роОройிро▓், $\frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{BD}{DC}$.

23. P(-1.5,3), Q(6,-2) рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் R(-3,4) роЖроХிроп рокுро│்ро│ிроХро│் роТро░ே роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிро▓் роЕрооைропுроо் роОройроХ்роХாроЯ்роЯு.

рооுроХ்роХோрогрод்родிрой் рокро░рок்рокு = $\frac{1}{2} [x_1(y_2-y_3) + x_2(y_3-y_1) + x_3(y_1-y_2)]$.

рокро░рок்рокு = $\frac{1}{2} [(-1.5)(-2-4) + 6(4-3) + (-3)(3-(-2))]$

рокро░рок்рокு = $\frac{1}{2} [(-1.5)(-6) + 6(1) + (-3)(5)] = \frac{1}{2} [9 + 6 - 15] = 0$.

рокро░рок்рокு рокூроЪ்роЪிропроо் роОрой்рокродாро▓், рокுро│்ро│ிроХро│் роТро░ே роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிро▓் роЕрооைропுроо்.

24. $x-2y+3=0, 6x+3y+8=0$ роЖроХிроп роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯுроХро│் роТрой்ро▒ுроХ்роХொрой்ро▒ு роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாройро╡ை роОройроХ் роХாроЯ்роЯு.

рооுродро▓் роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роЪாроп்ро╡ு $m_1 = -\frac{1}{-2} = \frac{1}{2}$.

роЗро░рог்роЯாроо் роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роЪாроп்ро╡ு $m_2 = -\frac{6}{3} = -2$.

$m_1 \times m_2 = \frac{1}{2} \times (-2) = -1$. роОройро╡ே, роХோроЯுроХро│் роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாройро╡ை.

25. x, y ро╡ெроЯ்роЯுрод்родுрог்роЯுроХро│் рооுро▒ைропே 4 рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் -6 роОройிро▓், роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роЪроорой்рокாроЯ்роЯைроХ் роХாрог்роХ.

роЪроорой்рокாроЯு: $\frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{b} = 1 \implies \frac{x}{4} + \frac{y}{-6} = 1$.

$\frac{x}{4} - \frac{y}{6} = 1$. роЪроорой்рокாроЯ்роЯை 12-роЖро▓் рокெро░ுроХ்роХ, $3x - 2y = 12$.

$3x - 2y - 12 = 0$.

26. $\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos\theta}{1-\cos\theta}} = \csc\theta + \cot\theta$ роОрой்рокродை роиிро░ூрокிроХ்роХро╡ுроо்.

LHS = $\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos\theta}{1-\cos\theta} \times \frac{1+\cos\theta}{1+\cos\theta}} = \sqrt{\frac{(1+\cos\theta)^2}{1-\cos^2\theta}} = \sqrt{\frac{(1+\cos\theta)^2}{\sin^2\theta}} = \frac{1+\cos\theta}{\sin\theta}$

$\frac{1}{\sin\theta} + \frac{\cos\theta}{\sin\theta} = \csc\theta + \cot\theta$ = RHS. роиிро░ூрокிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு.

27. $1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 60$-рой் роХூроЯுродро▓் роХாрог்.

роЪூрод்родிро░роо்: $S_n = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}$. роЗроЩ்роХு $n=60$.

$S_{60} = \frac{60(61)}{2} = 30 \times 61 = 1830$.

28. роУро░் роОрог் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роЕродрой் родро▓ைроХீро┤ி роЖроХிропро╡ро▒்ро▒ிрой் ро╡ிрод்родிропாроЪроо் $\frac{24}{5}$ роОройிро▓், роЕрои்род роОрог்рогைроХ் роХாрог்роХ.

$x - \frac{1}{x} = \frac{24}{5} \implies \frac{x^2-1}{x} = \frac{24}{5} \implies 5x^2 - 24x - 5 = 0$.

$(5x+1)(x-5) = 0$. роОройро╡ே, $x=5$ роЕро▓்ро▓родு $x = -\frac{1}{5}$.

рокроХுродி - III (Part - III)

29. $A = \{x \in W \mid x < 2\}, B = \{x \in N \mid 1 < x \le 4\}$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $C = \{3,5\}$ роОройிро▓் $A \times (B \cup C) = (A \times B) \cup (A \times C)$ роОрой்рокродை роЪро░ிрокாро░்роХ்роХ.

$A = \{0, 1\}, B = \{2, 3, 4\}, C = \{3, 5\}$.

LHS: $B \cup C = \{2, 3, 4, 5\}$. $A \times (B \cup C) = \{(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (0,5), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5)\}$.

RHS: $A \times B = \{(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4)\}$. $A \times C = \{(0,3), (0,5), (1,3), (1,5)\}$.

$(A \times B) \cup (A \times C) = \{(0,2), (0,3), (0,4), (0,5), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5)\}$.

LHS = RHS. роЪро░ிрокாро░்роХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு.

30. роЪாро░்рокு $f(x)$ ро╡ро░ைропро▒ுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯрокроЯி, роородிрок்рокுроХро│ைроХ் роХாрог்роХ.
$ f(x) = \begin{cases} 2x + 7 & \text{if } x < -2 \\ x^2 - 2 & \text{if } -2 \le x < 3 \\ 3x - 2 & \text{if } x \ge 3 \end{cases} $

(i) f(4): $x=4 \ge 3 \implies f(4) = 3(4)-2 = 10$.

(ii) f(-2): $-2 \le x < 3 \implies f(-2) = (-2)^2-2 = 2$.

(iii) f(4) + 2f(1): $f(1) = (1)^2-2 = -1$. $f(4)+2f(1) = 10+2(-1) = 8$.

(iv) $\frac{f(1) - 3f(4)}{f(-3)}$: $f(-3) = 2(-3)+7 = 1$. $\frac{-1 - 3(10)}{1} = -31$.

31. ро░ேроХாро╡ிроЯроо் 10 роЪெ.рооீ, 11 роЪெ.рооீ, ..., 24 роЪெ.рооீ роОрой்ро▒ рокроХ்роХ роЕро│ро╡ுро│்ро│ 15 роЪродுро░ро╡роЯிро╡ ро╡рог்рогроХ் роХாроХிродроЩ்роХро│் роЙро│்ро│рой. роЗрои்род ро╡рог்рогроХ் роХாроХிродроЩ்роХро│ைроХ் роХொрог்роЯு роОро╡்ро╡ро│ро╡ு рокро░рок்рокை роЕроЯைрод்родு роЕро▓роЩ்роХро░ிроХ்роХ рооுроЯிропுроо்?

родேро╡ைрок்рокроЯுроо் рооொрод்род рокро░рок்рокு = $10^2 + 11^2 + 12^2 + \dots + 24^2$.

роЗродை $(\sum_{k=1}^{24} k^2) - (\sum_{k=1}^{9} k^2)$ роОрой роОро┤ுродро▓ாроо்.

рооுродро▓் n роЗропро▓் роОрог்роХро│ிрой் ро╡ро░்роХ்роХроЩ்роХро│ிрой் роХூроЯுродро▓் роЪூрод்родிро░роо்:

$$ S_n = \sum_{k=1}^{n} k^2 = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6} $$

$n=24$ роОройிро▓்:

$S_{24} = \frac{24(24+1)(2 \times 24+1)}{6} = \frac{24 \times 25 \times 49}{6} = 4 \times 25 \times 49 = 4900$.

$n=9$ роОройிро▓்:

$S_9 = \frac{9(9+1)(2 \times 9+1)}{6} = \frac{9 \times 10 \times 19}{6} = 3 \times 5 \times 19 = 285$.

рооொрод்род рокро░рок்рокு = $S_{24} - S_9 = 4900 - 285 = 4615$.

ро╡ிроЯை: 4615 роЪெ.рооீ$^2$.

32. $6x^3-30x^2+60x-48$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $3x^3-12x^2+21x-18$ роЖроХிроп рокро▓்ро▓ுро▒ுрок்рокுроХ் роХோро╡ைроХро│ிрой் рооீ.рокொ.ро╡ роХாрог்роХ.

Let $p(x) = 6x^3-30x^2+60x-48 = 6(x^3-5x^2+10x-8)$.

Let $q(x) = 3x^3-12x^2+21x-18 = 3(x^3-4x^2+7x-6)$.

рооுродро▓ிро▓், роХெро┤ுроХ்роХро│ிрой் рооீ.рокொ.ро╡: $\text{рооீ.рокொ.ро╡}(6, 3) = 3$.

роЕроЯுрод்родு, рокро▓்ро▓ுро▒ுрок்рокுроХ் роХோро╡ைроХро│ுроХ்роХு роиீро│் ро╡роХுрод்родро▓் рооுро▒ைропைрок் рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родுро╡ோроо்:

                  1
              ___________________
x³-5x²+10x-8 | x³-4x²+7x-6
             |-(x³-5x²+10x-8)
              ___________________
                   x²-3x+2  (рооீродி)
            

рооீродி рокூроЪ்роЪிропроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ை. роЗрок்рокோродு, рооுрои்родைроп ро╡роХுрод்родிропை рооீродிропாро▓் ро╡роХுроХ்роХ:

                  x - 2
              ___________________
    x²-3x+2  | x³-5x²+10x-8
             |-(x³-3x²+2x)
              ___________________
                  -2x²+8x-8
                 -(-2x²+6x-4)
                  ___________________
                       2x - 4 = 2(x-2)
            

рооீрог்роЯுроо் рооீродி рокூроЪ்роЪிропроо் роЗро▓்ро▓ை. роЗрок்рокோродு, рооுрои்родைроп ро╡роХுрод்родிропை рооீродிропாро▓் (роХாро░рогிропை роороЯ்роЯுроо்) ро╡роХுроХ்роХ:

                  x - 1
              ___________________
      x - 2  | x²-3x+2
             |-(x²-2x)
              ___________________
                  -x+2
                 -(-x+2)
                  ___________________
                       0
            

роХроЯைроЪி рокூроЪ்роЪிропрооро▒்ро▒ рооீродி $x-2$ роЖроХுроо்.

роОройро╡ே, рооொрод்род рооீ.рокொ.ро╡ = $3 \times (x-2) = 3(x-2)$.

33. $9x^4+12x^3+28x^2+ax+b$ роЖройродு роТро░ு рооுро┤ுро╡ро░்роХ்роХроо் роОройிро▓் $a, b$ роЖроХிропро╡ро▒்ро▒ிрой் роородிрок்рокுроХро│ைроХ் роХாрог்роХ.

роиீро│்ро╡роХுрод்родро▓் рооுро▒ைропிро▓் ро╡ро░்роХ்роХрооூро▓роо் роХாрог்рокோроо்:

             3x²  + 2x  + 4
           _________________________
    3x²   | 9x⁴+12x³+28x²+ax+b
          |-(9x⁴)
          |_________________
  6x²+2x  |  12x³+28x²
          |-(12x³+ 4x²)
          |_________________
6x²+4x+4|    24x² + ax + b
          |   -(24x² + 16x + 16)
          |_________________
          |        (a-16)x + (b-16)
            

роЗродு роТро░ு рооுро┤ுро╡ро░்роХ்роХроо் роОрой்рокродாро▓், рооீродி рокூроЪ்роЪிропрооாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо். $(a-16)x + (b-16) = 0$.

роТрод்род роХெро┤ுроХ்роХро│ை роЪроорой்рокроЯுрод்род: $a - 16 = 0 \implies a = 16$.

$b - 16 = 0 \implies b = 16$.

ро╡ிроЯை: $a=16, b=16$.

34. $A = \frac{2x+1}{2x-1}$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $B = \frac{2x-1}{2x+1}$ роОройிро▓் $\frac{1}{A-B} - \frac{2B}{A^2-B^2}$ роХாрог்роХ.

рооுродро▓ிро▓் роХோро╡ைропைроЪ் роЪுро░ுроХ்роХுро╡ோроо்:

$$ \frac{1}{A-B} - \frac{2B}{A^2-B^2} = \frac{1}{A-B} - \frac{2B}{(A-B)(A+B)} $$ $$ = \frac{1(A+B) - 2B}{(A-B)(A+B)} = \frac{A+B-2B}{(A-B)(A+B)} = \frac{A-B}{(A-B)(A+B)} = \frac{1}{A+B} $$

роОройро╡ே, роиாроо் $A+B$-рой் родро▓ைроХீро┤ிропைроХ் роХрог்роЯுрокிроЯிроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо்.

$$ A+B = \frac{2x+1}{2x-1} + \frac{2x-1}{2x+1} = \frac{(2x+1)^2 + (2x-1)^2}{(2x-1)(2x+1)} $$

$$ = \frac{(4x^2+4x+1) + (4x^2-4x+1)}{4x^2-1} = \frac{8x^2+2}{4x^2-1} $$

родேро╡ைропாрой роородிрок்рокு $\frac{1}{A+B} = \frac{4x^2-1}{8x^2+2} = \frac{4x^2-1}{2(4x^2+1)}$.

35. роЕроЯிрок்рокроЯை ро╡ிроХிродроЪроород் родேро▒்ро▒род்родை роОро┤ுродி роиிро░ூрокி.
Graph Question 44b Graph Question 44b
36. 90 роЪெ.рооீ роЙропро░рооுро│்ро│ роТро░ு роЪிро▒ுро╡рой் ро╡ிро│роХ்роХு роХроо்рокрод்родிрой் роЕроЯிропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு 1.2 рооீ/ро╡ிройாроЯி ро╡ேроХрод்родிро▓் роироЯрои்родு роЪெро▓்роХிро▒ாрой்... 4 ро╡ிройாроЯிроХро│் роХро┤ிрод்родு роЪிро▒ுро╡ройுроЯைроп роиிро┤ро▓ிрой் роиீро│род்родைроХ் роХாрог்роХ.
Graph Question 44b

ро╡ிро│роХ்роХு роХроо்рокрод்родிрой் роЙропро░роо் (AB) = $3.6$ рооீ.

роЪிро▒ுро╡ройிрой் роЙропро░роо் (CD) = $0.9$ рооீ.

4 ро╡ிройாроЯிроХро│ிро▓் роЪிро▒ுро╡рой் роХроЯрои்род родூро░роо் (BC) = $1.2 \times 4 = 4.8$ рооீ.

роиிро┤ро▓ிрой் роиீро│роо் (CE) = $x$ роОрой்роХ.

$\Delta ABE$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $\Delta DCE$ ро╡роЯிро╡ொрод்родро╡ை. роОройро╡ே, $\frac{AB}{CD} = \frac{BE}{CE}$.

$$ \frac{3.6}{0.9} = \frac{4.8+x}{x} \implies 4 = \frac{4.8+x}{x} $$

$4x = 4.8 + x \implies 3x = 4.8 \implies x = 1.6$ рооீ.

роиிро┤ро▓ிрой் роиீро│роо் 1.6 рооீроЯ்роЯро░் роЖроХுроо்.

37. (-9,0), (-8,6), (-1,-2) рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் (-6,-3) роЖроХிроп рокுро│்ро│ிроХро│ை рооுройைроХро│ாроХроХ் роХொрог்роЯ роиாро▒்роХро░род்родிрой் рокро░рок்рокு роХாрог்роХ.

роиாро▒்роХро░род்родிрой் рокро░рок்рокு роХாрогுроо் роЪூрод்родிро░роо்:

$$ \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \begin{vmatrix} x_1 & x_2 & x_3 & x_4 & x_1 \\ y_1 & y_2 & y_3 & y_4 & y_1 \end{vmatrix} $$

$$ = \frac{1}{2} \begin{vmatrix} -9 & -8 & -1 & -6 & -9 \\ 0 & 6 & -2 & -3 & 0 \end{vmatrix} $$

$= \frac{1}{2} | ((-9)(6) + (-8)(-2) + (-1)(-3) + (-6)(0)) - ((0)(-8) + (6)(-1) + (-2)(-6) + (-3)(-9)) |$

$= \frac{1}{2} | (-54 + 16 + 3 + 0) - (0 - 6 + 12 + 27) |$

$= \frac{1}{2} | (-35) - (33) | = \frac{1}{2} | -68 | = 34$.

рокро░рок்рокு = 34 роЪродுро░ роЕро▓роХுроХро│்.

38. A(3,-4), B(9,-4), C(5,-7) рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் D(7,-7) роЖроХிроп рокுро│்ро│ிроХро│் роЪро░ிро╡роХрод்родை роЕрооைроХ்роХுроо் роОрой роиிро▒ுро╡ுроХ.

роЪро░ிро╡роХрод்родிро▒்роХு роТро░ு роЪோроЯி рокроХ்роХроЩ்роХро│் роЗрогைропாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХ ро╡ேрог்роЯுроо். роЪாроп்ро╡ுроХро│ைроХ் роХாрог்рокோроо்.

$m_{AB} = \frac{-4 - (-4)}{9-3} = \frac{0}{6} = 0$.

$m_{CD} = \frac{-7 - (-7)}{7-5} = \frac{0}{2} = 0$.

$m_{BC} = \frac{-7 - (-4)}{5-9} = \frac{-3}{-4} = \frac{3}{4}$.

$m_{DA} = \frac{-4 - (-7)}{3-7} = \frac{3}{-4} = -\frac{3}{4}$.

$m_{AB} = m_{CD}$ роОрой்рокродாро▓், $AB \parallel CD$. рооேро▓ுроо், $m_{BC} \neq m_{DA}$ роОрой்рокродாро▓், рооро▒்ро▒ рокроХ்роХроЩ்роХро│் роЗрогைропிро▓்ро▓ை.

роОройро╡ே, роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ рокுро│்ро│ிроХро│் роТро░ு роЪро░ிро╡роХрод்родை роЕрооைроХ்роХுроо்.

39. (-3,8) роОрой்ро▒ рокுро│்ро│ிро╡ро┤ிроЪ் роЪெро▓்ро▓ுроо் роЖроп роЕроЪ்роЪுроХро│ிрой் рооிроХை ро╡ெроЯ்роЯுрод்родுрог்роЯுроХро│ிрой் роХூроЯுродро▓் 7 роЙроЯைропродுрооாрой роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роЪроорой்рокாроЯ்роЯைроХ் роХாрог்роХ.

ро╡ெроЯ்роЯுрод்родுрог்роЯு ро╡роЯிро╡роо்: $\frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{b} = 1$.

роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு: $a+b=7 \implies b=7-a$.

$\frac{x}{a} + \frac{y}{7-a} = 1$.

роЗродு $(-3,8)$ ро╡ро┤ிроЪ் роЪெро▓்ро╡родாро▓், $\frac{-3}{a} + \frac{8}{7-a} = 1$.

$-3(7-a) + 8a = a(7-a) \implies -21+3a+8a = 7a-a^2$.

$a^2+4a-21=0 \implies (a+7)(a-3)=0$.

рооிроХை ро╡ெроЯ்роЯுрод்родுрог்роЯுроХро│் роОрой்рокродாро▓் $a>0, b>0$. $a=3$ роОройிро▓், $b=4$. (роЗродு рокொро░ுрои்родுроо்)

$a=-7$ роОройிро▓், $b=14$. (роЗродு рокொро░ுрои்родாродு, ркХાрк░ркгркХે $a$ роХுро▒ை роОрог்).

роОройро╡ே, $a=3, b=4$. роЪроорой்рокாроЯு: $\frac{x}{3} + \frac{y}{4} = 1 \implies 4x+3y=12$.

40. $\sin^2 A \cos^2 B + \cos^2 A \sin^2 B + \cos^2 A \cos^2 B + \sin^2 A \sin^2 B = 1$ роОрой்рокродை роиிро░ூрокிроХ்роХро╡ுроо்.
Graph Question 44b

Explanation: $\sin^2 A \cos^2 B + \cos^2 A \sin^2 B + \cos^2 A \cos^2 B + \sin^2 A \sin^2 B = 1$.

LHS-роР рооро▒ுроЪீро░рооைрок்рокோроо்:

$(\sin^2 A \cos^2 B + \cos^2 A \cos^2 B) + (\cos^2 A \sin^2 B + \sin^2 A \sin^2 B)$

рокொродுро╡ாрой роХாро░рогிроХро│ை ро╡ெро│ிропே роОроЯுроХ்роХ:

$\cos^2 B (\sin^2 A + \cos^2 A) + \sin^2 B (\cos^2 A + \sin^2 A)$

$\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1$ роОрой்ро▒ рооுро▒்ро▒ொро░ுрооைропைрок் рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்род:

$\cos^2 B (1) + \sin^2 B (1) = \cos^2 B + \sin^2 B = 1$ = RHS.

роОройро╡ே, роиிро░ூрокிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு.

41. $\frac{\cos\alpha}{\cos\beta} = m$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $\frac{\cos\alpha}{\sin\beta} = n$ роОройிро▓், $(m^2+n^2)\cos^2\beta = n^2$ роОрой்рокродை роиிро░ூрокிроХ்роХро╡ுроо்.
Graph Question 44b
42. $S_1, S_2, ..., S_m$ роОрой்рокрой $m$ ро╡ெро╡்ро╡ேро▒ு роХூроЯ்роЯுрод்родொроЯро░் ро╡ро░ிроЪைроХро│ிрой் $n$ роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роХூроЯுродро▓ாроХுроо். рооுродро▓் роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│் $1,2, ..., m$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் рокொродு ро╡ிрод்родிропாроЪроЩ்роХро│் $1,3, ..., (2m-1)$ рооுро▒ைропே роЕрооைрои்родாро▓், $S_1+S_2+...+S_m = \frac{1}{2}mn(mn+1)$ роОрой роиிро░ூрокிроХ்роХ.

$k$-роЖро╡родு роХூроЯ்роЯுрод்родொроЯро░் ро╡ро░ிроЪைропிрой் рооுродро▓் роЙро▒ுрок்рокு $a_k = k$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் рокொродு ро╡ிрод்родிропாроЪроо் $d_k = 2k-1$.

роЕродрой் $n$ роЙро▒ுрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роХூроЯுродро▓் $S_k = \frac{n}{2}[2a_k + (n-1)d_k]$.

$S_k = \frac{n}{2}[2k + (n-1)(2k-1)] = \frac{n}{2}[2k + 2nk - n - 2k + 1] = \frac{n}{2}[2nk - n + 1]$.

родேро╡ைрок்рокроЯுроо் роХூроЯுродро▓்: $\sum_{k=1}^{m} S_k = \sum_{k=1}^{m} \frac{n}{2}[2nk - (n-1)]$

$$ = \frac{n}{2} \left[ \sum_{k=1}^{m} 2nk - \sum_{k=1}^{m} (n-1) \right] $$

$$ = \frac{n}{2} \left[ 2n \sum_{k=1}^{m} k - m(n-1) \right] = \frac{n}{2} \left[ 2n \frac{m(m+1)}{2} - m(n-1) \right] $$

$$ = \frac{n}{2} [nm(m+1) - m(n-1)] = \frac{nm}{2} [n(m+1) - (n-1)] $$

$$ = \frac{nm}{2} [nm + n - n + 1] = \frac{nm(nm+1)}{2} $$

роОройро╡ே, роиிро░ூрокிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு.

Solution for Q43 | 10th Maths Quarterly Exam 2024

рокроХுродி - IV (Part - IV)

43. (роЕ) роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ рооுроХ்роХோрогроо் PQR-рой், роТрод்род рокроХ்роХроЩ்роХро│ிрой் ро╡ிроХிродроо் $\frac{7}{3}$ роОрой роЕрооைропுрооாро▒ு ро╡роЯிро╡ொрод்род рооுроХ்роХோрогроо் ро╡ро░ைроХ. (роЕро│ро╡ு роХாро░рогி $\frac{7}{3} > 1$)

(роЕро▓்ро▓родு)

(роЖ) $PQ = 8$ роЪெ.рооீ, $\angle R = 60^\circ$, роЙроЪ்роЪி R-ропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு PQ-роХ்роХு ро╡ро░ைропрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роироЯுроХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роиீро│роо் $RG = 5.8$ роЪெ.рооீ роОрой роЗро░ுроХ்роХுрооாро▒ு $\Delta PQR$ ро╡ро░ைроХ. R-ро▓ிро░ுрои்родு PQ-роХ்роХு ро╡ро░ைропрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роХுрод்родுроХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роиீро│роо் роХாрог்роХ.

(роЕ) ро╡роЯிро╡ொрод்род рооுроХ்роХோрогроо் ро╡ро░ைродро▓் (роЕро│ро╡ு роХாро░рогி > 1)

родேро╡ை: роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ $\Delta PQR$-роХ்роХு роТрод்род рокроХ்роХроЩ்роХро│ிрой் ро╡ிроХிродроо் $\frac{7}{3}$ роЖроХ роЙро│்ро│ роТро░ு ро╡роЯிро╡ொрод்род рооுроХ்роХோрогроо் $\Delta P'QR'$ ро╡ро░ைродро▓்.

Similar Triangle Construction Diagram

ро╡ро░ைрооுро▒ைрок் рокроЯிроХро│்:

  1. роПродேройுроо் роУро░் роЕро│ро╡ைроХ் роХொрог்роЯு $\Delta PQR$ ро╡ро░ைроХ.
  2. $QR$ роОрой்ро▒ роХோроЯ்роЯுрод்родுрог்роЯிро▓், роХுро▒ுроЩ்роХோрогрод்родை роПро▒்рокроЯுрод்родுрооாро▒ு $QX$ роОрой்ро▒ роХродிро░ை $P$ роОрой்ро▒ рооுройைроХ்роХு р┤Ор┤дിр╡╝ р┤жിр┤╢р┤пിр╡╜ р┤╡р┤░р┤п്р┤Х്р┤Хുр┤Х.
  3. $QX$ роХродிро░ிро▓், $Q_1, Q_2, \dots, Q_7$ роОрой்ро▒ 7 рокுро│்ро│ிроХро│ை ($ \frac{7}{3}$-ро▓் рокெро░ிроп роОрог் 7 роОрой்рокродாро▓்) роЪроо роЕро│ро╡ிро▓் роХுро▒ிроХ்роХро╡ுроо்.
  4. $Q_3$ (ро╡ிроХிродрод்родிрой் рокроХுродி 3 роОрой்рокродாро▓்) рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $R$ роР роЗрогைроХ்роХро╡ுроо்.
  5. $Q_7$ ро╡ро┤ிропே $Q_3R$-роХ்роХு роЗрогைропாроХ роТро░ு роХோроЯு ро╡ро░ைрои்родு, роЕродு роиீроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯ $QR$-роР $R'$-ро▓் роЪрои்родிроХ்роХுрооாро▒ு ро╡ро░ைроХ.
  6. $R'$ ро╡ро┤ிропே $PR$-роХ்роХு роЗрогைропாроХ роТро░ு роХோроЯு ро╡ро░ைрои்родு, роЕродு роиீроЯ்роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯ $QP$-роР $P'$-ро▓் роЪрои்родிроХ்роХுрооாро▒ு ро╡ро░ைроХ.
  7. $\Delta P'QR'$ роОрой்рокродே родேро╡ைропாрой ро╡роЯிро╡ொрод்род рооுроХ்роХோрогроо் роЖроХுроо்.
Similar Triangle Construction Steps

(роЖ) роироЯுроХ்роХோроЯு рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роЙроЪ்роЪிроХ்роХோрогроо் роХொрог்роЯு рооுроХ்роХோрогроо் ро╡ро░ைродро▓்

родேро╡ை: $PQ = 8$ роЪெ.рооீ, $\angle R = 60^\circ$, роироЯுроХ்роХோроЯு $RG = 5.8$ роЪெ.рооீ роХொрог்роЯ $\Delta PQR$ ро╡ро░ைрои்родு, роХுрод்родுроХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роиீро│роо் роХாрогுродро▓்.

Similar Triangle Construction Steps Similar Triangle Construction Steps

ро╡ро░ைрооுро▒ைрок் рокроЯிроХро│்:

  1. $PQ = 8$ роЪெ.рооீ роОрой்ро▒ роХோроЯ்роЯுрод்родுрог்роЯு ро╡ро░ைроХ.
  2. $P$ роОрой்ро▒ рокுро│்ро│ிропிро▓், $\angle QPE = 60^\circ$ роОрой роЗро░ுроХ்роХுрооாро▒ு $PE$ роОрой்ро▒ роХோроЯு ро╡ро░ைроХ.
  3. $P$ роОрой்ро▒ рокுро│்ро│ிропிро▓், $\angle EPF = 90^\circ$ роОрой роЗро░ுроХ்роХுрооாро▒ு $PF$ роОрой்ро▒ роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родுроХ்роХோроЯு ро╡ро░ைроХ.
  4. $PQ$-роХ்роХு рооைропроХ் роХுрод்родுроХ்роХோроЯு ро╡ро░ைроХ. роЕродு $PQ$-роР $G$-ропிро▓ுроо், $PF$-роР $O$-ро╡ிро▓ுроо் роЪрои்родிроХ்роХроЯ்роЯுроо்.
  5. $O$-ро╡ை рооைропрооாроХро╡ுроо், $OP$-роР роЖро░рооாроХро╡ுроо் роХொрог்роЯு роТро░ு ро╡роЯ்роЯроо் ро╡ро░ைроХ. роЗрои்род ро╡роЯ்роЯроо் $P, Q$ ро╡ро┤ிроЪ் роЪெро▓்ро▓ுроо்.
  6. роироЯுроХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роЕроЯிрок்рокுро│்ро│ி $G$-ропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு, $5.8$ роЪெ.рооீ роЖро░род்родிро▓் ро╡роЯ்роЯрод்родை ро╡ெроЯ்роЯுрооாро▒ு роТро░ு ро╡ிро▓் ро╡ро░ைроХ. роЕродு ро╡роЯ்роЯрод்родை $R$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $R'$-ро▓் ро╡ெроЯ்роЯроЯ்роЯுроо்.
  7. $PR$ рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் $QR$-роР роЗрогைроХ்роХро╡ுроо். $\Delta PQR$ роОрой்рокродே родேро╡ைропாрой рооுроХ்роХோрогроо் роЖроХுроо்.
  8. роХுрод்родுроХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роиீро│роо் роХாрогுродро▓்: $R$-ро▓ிро░ுрои்родு $PQ$ рокроХ்роХрод்родிро▒்роХு $RM$ роОрой்ро▒ роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родுроХ்роХோроЯு ро╡ро░ைроХ.
  9. $RM$-рой் роиீро│род்родை роЕро│ро╡ிроЯро╡ுроо்.

рооுроЯிро╡ு: роХுрод்родுроХ்роХோроЯ்роЯிрой் роиீро│роо் $RM \approx 3.5$ роЪெ.рооீ роЖроХுроо்.

рокроХுродி - IV (Part - IV)

рокроХுродி - IV (Part - IV)

44. (роЕ) $y = \frac{1}{2}x$ роОрой்ро▒ роиேро░ிроп роЪроорой்рокாроЯ்роЯிрой் ро╡ро░ைрокроЯроо் ро╡ро░ைроХ. ро╡ிроХிродроЪроо рооாро▒ிро▓ிропை роЕроЯைропாро│роо் роХрог்роЯு, роЕродройை ро╡ро░ைрокроЯрод்родுроЯрой் роЪро░ிрокாро░்роХ்роХ. рооேро▓ுроо் (i) $x=9$ роОройிро▓் $y$-роРроХ் роХாрог்роХ. (ii) $y=7.5$ роОройிро▓் $x$-роРроХ் роХாрог்роХ.

1. роЪроорой்рокாроЯு рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் ро╡ிроХிродроЪроо рооாро▒ிро▓ி

роХொроЯுроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯ роЪроорой்рокாроЯு $y = \frac{1}{2}x$.

роЗродு $y=kx$ роОрой்ро▒ ро╡роЯிро╡ிро▓் роЙро│்ро│родு. роЗродு роТро░ு роиேро░் рооாро▒ுрокாроЯு роЖроХுроо். роЗродрой் ро╡ро░ைрокроЯроо் роЖродிрок்рокுро│்ро│ி ро╡ро┤ிроЪ் роЪெро▓்ро▓ுроо் роТро░ு роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯு роЖроХுроо்.

роЗроЩ்роХு, ро╡ிроХிродроЪроо рооாро▒ிро▓ி (constant of proportionality) $k = \frac{1}{2}$.

2. роородிрок்рокுроХро│ிрой் роЕроЯ்роЯро╡рогை

ро╡ро░ைрокроЯроо் ро╡ро░ைроп роЪிро▓ рокுро│்ро│ிроХро│ைроХ் роХрогроХ்роХிроЯுро╡ோроо்.

$x$ 0 2 4 6 8 10
$y = \frac{1}{2}x$ 0 1 2 3 4 5

3. ро╡ро░ைрокроЯроо் ро╡ро░ைродро▓்

рооேро▒்роХрог்роЯ рокுро│்ро│ிроХро│ை $(0,0), (2,1), (4,2), (6,3), (8,4), (10,5)$ ро╡ро░ைрокроЯрод்родிро▓் роХுро▒ிрод்родு, роЕро╡ро▒்ро▒ை роТро░ு роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯ்роЯாро▓் роЗрогைроХ்роХро╡ுроо்.

Graph of y = 1/2 x

4. ро╡ро░ைрокроЯрод்родுроЯрой் роЪро░ிрокாро░்род்родро▓்

ро╡ро░ைрокроЯрод்родிро▓் роЙро│்ро│ роПродேройுроо் роТро░ு рокுро│்ро│ிропை роОроЯுрод்родுроХ் роХொро│்ро╡ோроо், роЙродாро░рогрооாроХ $(8,4)$.

ро╡ிроХிродроЪроо рооாро▒ிро▓ி $k = \frac{y}{x} = \frac{4}{8} = \frac{1}{2}$.

роЗродு роиாроо் роХрогроХ்роХிроЯ்роЯ рооாро▒ிро▓ிропுроЯрой் рокொро░ுрои்родுро╡родாро▓், ро╡ро░ைрокроЯроо் роЪро░ிрокாро░்роХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு.

5. ро╡ро░ைрокроЯрод்родிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு родீро░்ро╡ு роХாрогுродро▓்

(i) $x=9$ роОройிро▓் $y$-рой் роородிрок்рокு:

ро╡ро░ைрокроЯрод்родிро▓், x-роЕроЪ்роЪிро▓் $x=9$ роОрой்ро▒ рокுро│்ро│ிропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாроХ роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯ்роЯை роиோроХ்роХிроЪ் роЪெро▓்ро▓ро╡ுроо். роХோроЯ்роЯை роЪрои்родிрод்род рокுро│்ро│ிропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு роХிроЯைроороЯ்роЯрооாроХ y-роЕроЪ்роЪிро▒்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ாро▓், роЕродு $y=4.5$ роОрой்ро▒ рокுро│்ро│ிропிро▓் роЪрои்родிроХ்роХுроо்.

роОройро╡ே, $x=9$ роОройிро▓், $y=4.5$.

(ii) $y=7.5$ роОройிро▓் $x$-рой் роородிрок்рокு:

ро╡ро░ைрокроЯрод்родிро▓், y-роЕроЪ்роЪிро▓் $y=7.5$ роОрой்ро▒ рокுро│்ро│ிропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு роХிроЯைроороЯ்роЯрооாроХ роиேро░்роХ்роХோроЯ்роЯை роиோроХ்роХிроЪ் роЪெро▓்ро▓ро╡ுроо். роХோроЯ்роЯை роЪрои்родிрод்род рокுро│்ро│ிропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு роЪெроЩ்роХுрод்родாроХ x-роЕроЪ்роЪிро▒்роХுроЪ் роЪெрой்ро▒ாро▓், роЕродு $x=15$ роОрой்ро▒ рокுро│்ро│ிропிро▓் роЪрои்родிроХ்роХுроо்.

роОройро╡ே, $y=7.5$ роОройிро▓், $x=15$.

44. (роЖ) роиிро╖ாрои்род் 12 роХி.рооீ родூро░род்родிро▒்роХாрой рооாро░род்родாрой் роУроЯ்роЯрод்родிрой் ро╡ெро▒்ро▒ிропாро│ро░் роЖро╡ாро░். роЕро╡ро░் роорогிроХ்роХு 12 роХி.рооீ роОрой்ро▒ роЪீро░ாрой ро╡ேроХрод்родிро▓் роУроЯி, роЗро▓роХ்роХிройை 1 роорогி роиேро░род்родிро▓் роЕроЯைрои்родாро░்... ро╡ேроХроо் - роиேро░роо் ро╡ро░ைрокроЯроо் ро╡ро░ைрои்родு роЕродройைрок் рокропрой்рокроЯுрод்родி роорогிроХ்роХு 2.4 роХி.рооீ/роорогி ро╡ேроХрод்родிро▓் роЪெрой்ро▒ роХௌроЪிроХ் роОроЯுрод்родுроХ் роХொрог்роЯ роиேро░род்родைроХ் роХாрог்роХ.
Graph Question 44b Graph Question 44b

Original Question Paper

Question Paper Page 1 Question Paper Page 2

10th Maths Quarterly Exam 2024 Question Paper with Solutions | Chengalpattu District

10th Maths Quarterly Exam Question Paper 2024 with Answer Key | Samacheer Kalvi

COMMON QUARTERLY EXAMINATION - 2024 | Standard X MATHEMATICS

Part - I

1. If \(A = \{a, b, p\}, B = \{2, 3\}, C = \{p, q, r, s\}\) then \(n[(A \cup C) \times B]\) is

  • a) 8
  • b) 20
  • c) 12
  • d) 16

Solution:

Given, \(A = \{a, b, p\}, B = \{2, 3\}, C = \{p, q, r, s\}\).

First, find \(A \cup C\):

\(A \cup C = \{a, b, p\} \cup \{p, q, r, s\} = \{a, b, p, q, r, s\}\)

Now, find the number of elements in \(A \cup C\) and B:

\(n(A \cup C) = 6\)

\(n(B) = 2\)

We need to find \(n[(A \cup C) \times B]\). Using the formula \(n(X \times Y) = n(X) \times n(Y)\):

\(n[(A \cup C) \times B] = n(A \cup C) \times n(B) = 6 \times 2 = 12\)

c) 12

2. \(f(x) = (x + 1)^3 – (x - 1)^3\) represents a function which is

  • a) linear
  • b) cubic
  • c) reciprocal
  • d) quadratic

Solution:

Given function: \(f(x) = (x + 1)^3 – (x - 1)^3\)

Using the algebraic identities \((a+b)^3 = a^3 + 3a^2b + 3ab^2 + b^3\) and \((a-b)^3 = a^3 - 3a^2b + 3ab^2 - b^3\).

\(f(x) = (x^3 + 3x^2(1) + 3x(1)^2 + 1^3) - (x^3 - 3x^2(1) + 3x(1)^2 - 1^3)\)

\(f(x) = (x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1) - (x^3 - 3x^2 + 3x - 1)\)

\(f(x) = x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x + 1 - x^3 + 3x^2 - 3x + 1\)

\(f(x) = (x^3 - x^3) + (3x^2 + 3x^2) + (3x - 3x) + (1 + 1)\)

\(f(x) = 6x^2 + 2\)

The highest power (degree) of x is 2. Therefore, the function is a quadratic function.

d) quadratic

3. If \(n(A) = p, n(B) = q\), then the total number of relations that exist from A to B is

  • a) \(p^q\)
  • b) \(q^p\)
  • c) \(2^{pq}-1\)
  • d) \(2^{pq}\)

Solution:

The total number of relations from a set A to a set B is the number of possible subsets of the Cartesian product \(A \times B\).

Given \(n(A) = p\) and \(n(B) = q\).

The number of elements in the Cartesian product is \(n(A \times B) = n(A) \times n(B) = pq\).

The number of subsets of a set with \(k\) elements is \(2^k\).

Therefore, the total number of relations from A to B is the number of subsets of \(A \times B\), which is \(2^{n(A \times B)} = 2^{pq}\).

d) \(2^{pq}\)

4. The sum of the exponents of the prime factors in the prime factorisation of 1729 is

  • a) 1
  • b) 2
  • c) 3
  • d) 4

Solution:

First, we find the prime factorization of 1729 (also known as the Hardy-Ramanujan number).

1729 is divisible by 7: \(1729 = 7 \times 247\)

Now, factorize 247. It is divisible by 13: \(247 = 13 \times 19\)

So, the prime factorization of 1729 is \(7^1 \times 13^1 \times 19^1\).

The exponents of the prime factors are 1, 1, and 1.

The sum of the exponents is \(1 + 1 + 1 = 3\).

c) 3

5. An A.P consists of 31 terms. If its 16th term is m, then the sum of all the terms of this A.P is

  • a) 16 m
  • b) 62 m
  • c) 31 m
  • d) \(\frac{31}{2}m\)

Solution:

For an Arithmetic Progression (A.P) with an odd number of terms, the sum is equal to the number of terms multiplied by the middle term.

Here, the number of terms is \(n = 31\), which is odd.

The middle term is the \( \frac{n+1}{2} \)-th term, which is \( \frac{31+1}{2} = \frac{32}{2} = 16\)-th term.

We are given that the 16th term is \(m\).

Sum of all terms, \(S_{31} = (\text{number of terms}) \times (\text{middle term})\)

\(S_{31} = 31 \times m = 31m\)

c) 31 m

6. The value of \((1^3 + 2^3 + 3^3 + \dots + 15^3) – (1 + 2 + 3 + \dots + 15)\) is

  • a) 14400
  • b) 14200
  • c) 14280
  • d) 14520

Solution:

We use the formulas for the sum of the first n natural numbers and the sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers.

Sum of first n natural numbers: \(\sum_{k=1}^{n} k = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}\)

Sum of cubes of first n natural numbers: \(\sum_{k=1}^{n} k^3 = \left(\frac{n(n+1)}{2}\right)^2\)

Here, n = 15.

First, calculate \(1 + 2 + \dots + 15\):

\(\frac{15(15+1)}{2} = \frac{15 \times 16}{2} = 15 \times 8 = 120\)

Next, calculate \(1^3 + 2^3 + \dots + 15^3\):

\(\left(\frac{15(15+1)}{2}\right)^2 = (120)^2 = 14400\)

Now, find the required value:

\((1^3 + \dots + 15^3) - (1 + \dots + 15) = 14400 - 120 = 14280\)

c) 14280

7. \(\frac{3y-3}{y} \div \frac{7y-7}{3y^2}\) is

  • a) \(\frac{9y}{7}\)
  • b) \(\frac{9y^3}{(21y-21)}\)
  • c) \(\frac{21y^2-42y+21}{3y^3}\)
  • d) \(\frac{7(y^2-2y+1)}{y^2}\)

Solution:

To divide by a fraction, we multiply by its reciprocal.

\(\frac{3y-3}{y} \div \frac{7y-7}{3y^2} = \frac{3y-3}{y} \times \frac{3y^2}{7y-7}\)

Factor out the common terms in the numerators and denominators:

\( = \frac{3(y-1)}{y} \times \frac{3y^2}{7(y-1)}\)

Cancel the common factor \((y-1)\) and one \(y\):

\( = \frac{3}{1} \times \frac{3y}{7}\)

\( = \frac{9y}{7}\)

a) \(\frac{9y}{7}\)

8. The square root of \(\frac{256x^8y^4z^{10}}{25x^6y^6z^6}\) is equal to

  • a) \(\frac{16}{5} \left| \frac{x^2z^4}{y^2} \right|\)
  • b) \(\frac{16}{5} \left| \frac{y^2}{x^2z^4} \right|\)
  • c) \(\frac{16}{5} \left| \frac{y}{xz^2} \right|\)
  • d) \(\frac{16}{5} \left| \frac{xz^2}{y} \right|\)

Solution:

First, simplify the expression inside the square root:

\(\frac{256x^8y^4z^{10}}{25x^6y^6z^6} = \frac{256}{25} \cdot x^{8-6} \cdot y^{4-6} \cdot z^{10-6}\)

\(= \frac{256}{25} x^2 y^{-2} z^4 = \frac{256x^2z^4}{25y^2}\)

Now, take the square root of the simplified expression:

\(\sqrt{\frac{256x^2z^4}{25y^2}} = \frac{\sqrt{256x^2z^4}}{\sqrt{25y^2}}\)

\(= \frac{\sqrt{256}\sqrt{x^2}\sqrt{z^4}}{\sqrt{25}\sqrt{y^2}}\)

\(= \frac{16|x|(z^2)}{5|y|} = \frac{16|xz^2|}{5|y|}\) (Since \(z^2\) is always non-negative)

\(= \frac{16}{5} \left| \frac{xz^2}{y} \right|\)

d) \(\frac{16}{5} \left| \frac{xz^2}{y} \right|\)

9. The solution of \((2x - 1)^2 = 9\) is equal to

  • a) -1
  • b) 2
  • c) -1, 2
  • d) none of these

Solution:

Given the equation: \((2x - 1)^2 = 9\)

Take the square root of both sides:

\(2x - 1 = \pm\sqrt{9}\)

\(2x - 1 = \pm 3\)

This gives two possible cases:

Case 1: \(2x - 1 = 3 \implies 2x = 4 \implies x = 2\)

Case 2: \(2x - 1 = -3 \implies 2x = -2 \implies x = -1\)

The solutions are -1 and 2.

c) -1, 2

10. If in \(\triangle ABC, DE \parallel BC, AB = 3.6\) cm, \(AC = 2.4\) cm and \(AD = 2.1\) cm then the length of AE is

  • a) 1.4 cm
  • b) 1.8 cm
  • c) 1.2 cm
  • d) 1.05 cm

Solution:

Given that in \(\triangle ABC\), \(DE \parallel BC\).

By the Basic Proportionality Theorem (Thales's Theorem), if a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Therefore, \(\frac{AD}{AB} = \frac{AE}{AC}\)

We are given: \(AD = 2.1\) cm, \(AB = 3.6\) cm, \(AC = 2.4\) cm.

Substitute the values into the formula:

\(\frac{2.1}{3.6} = \frac{AE}{2.4}\)

Solve for AE:

\(AE = \frac{2.1 \times 2.4}{3.6}\)

\(AE = \frac{5.04}{3.6} = 1.4\) cm

a) 1.4 cm

11. The point of intersection of \(3x - y = 4\) and \(x + y = 8\) is

  • a) (5,3)
  • b) (2,4)
  • c) (3,5)
  • d) (4,4)

Solution:

We have a system of two linear equations:

1) \(3x - y = 4\)

2) \(x + y = 8\)

We can solve this by elimination. Add equation (1) and equation (2):

\((3x - y) + (x + y) = 4 + 8\)

\(4x = 12\)

\(x = 3\)

Substitute the value of x into equation (2):

\(3 + y = 8\)

\(y = 8 - 3 = 5\)

The point of intersection is (3, 5).

c) (3,5)

12. When proving that a quadrilateral is a parallelogram by using slopes you must find

  • a) the slopes of 2 sides
  • b) the slopes of two pair of opposite sides
  • c) the lengths of all sides
  • d) both the lengths and slopes of 2 sides

Solution:

A property of a parallelogram is that its opposite sides are parallel. In coordinate geometry, parallel lines have equal slopes.

Therefore, to prove a quadrilateral is a parallelogram using slopes, one must show that the slopes of both pairs of opposite sides are equal.

b) the slopes of two pair of opposite sides

13. The area of triangle formed by the points (-2,0), (0,-2) and (2,0) is

  • a) 0 sq.units
  • b) 4 sq.units
  • c) 2 sq.units
  • d) none of these

Solution:

Let the vertices of the triangle be \(A(-2,0), B(0,-2), C(2,0)\).

The formula for the area of a triangle with vertices \((x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), (x_3, y_3)\) is:

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |x_1(y_2 - y_3) + x_2(y_3 - y_1) + x_3(y_1 - y_2)|\)

Substitute the coordinates:

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |-2(-2 - 0) + 0(0 - 0) + 2(0 - (-2))|\)

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |-2(-2) + 0 + 2(2)|\)

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |4 + 0 + 4|\)

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |8| = 4\) sq.units

b) 4 sq.units

14. If \((\sin \alpha + \csc \alpha)^2 + (\cos \alpha + \sec \alpha)^2 = k + \tan^2\alpha + \cot^2\alpha\), then the value of k is equal to

  • a) 9
  • b) 7
  • c) 5
  • d) 3

Solution:

Expand the left-hand side (LHS):

LHS \( = (\sin^2 \alpha + \csc^2 \alpha + 2 \sin \alpha \csc \alpha) + (\cos^2 \alpha + \sec^2 \alpha + 2 \cos \alpha \sec \alpha)\)

We know \(\sin \alpha \csc \alpha = 1\) and \(\cos \alpha \sec \alpha = 1\).

LHS \( = (\sin^2 \alpha + \csc^2 \alpha + 2) + (\cos^2 \alpha + \sec^2 \alpha + 2)\)

Rearrange the terms: LHS \( = (\sin^2 \alpha + \cos^2 \alpha) + \csc^2 \alpha + \sec^2 \alpha + 4\)

Using the identities \(\sin^2 \alpha + \cos^2 \alpha = 1\), \(\csc^2 \alpha = 1 + \cot^2 \alpha\), and \(\sec^2 \alpha = 1 + \tan^2 \alpha\).

LHS \( = 1 + (1 + \cot^2 \alpha) + (1 + \tan^2 \alpha) + 4\)

LHS \( = 1 + 1 + 1 + 4 + \tan^2 \alpha + \cot^2 \alpha\)

LHS \( = 7 + \tan^2 \alpha + \cot^2 \alpha\)

Comparing this with the given equation \(k + \tan^2 \alpha + \cot^2 \alpha\), we get \(k = 7\).

b) 7

Part - II

15. If \(A \times B = \{(3,2), (3,4), (5,2), (5,4)\}\), then find A and B.

Solution:

The set A is the set of all first elements in the ordered pairs of \(A \times B\).

First elements are 3 and 5. So, \(A = \{3, 5\}\).

The set B is the set of all second elements in the ordered pairs of \(A \times B\).

Second elements are 2 and 4. So, \(B = \{2, 4\}\).

\(A = \{3, 5\}\), \(B = \{2, 4\}\)

16. Let \(X = \{1,2,3,4\}\) and \(Y = \{2,4,6,8,10\}\) and \(R = \{(1,2), (2,4), (3,6), (4,8)\}\), show that R is a function and find its domain, co-domain and range.

Solution:

To show R is a function:

For R to be a function from X to Y, every element in the domain X must have exactly one image in the co-domain Y.
In R = {(1,2), (2,4), (3,6), (4,8)}:

  • The image of 1 is 2.
  • The image of 2 is 4.
  • The image of 3 is 6.
  • The image of 4 is 8.
Since each element of X has a unique image in Y, R is a function.

Domain, Co-domain, and Range:

  • Domain: The set of all first elements in the ordered pairs of R.
    Domain = \{1, 2, 3, 4\} = X.
  • Co-domain: The entire set Y.
    Co-domain = \{2, 4, 6, 8, 10\} = Y.
  • Range: The set of all second elements (images) in the ordered pairs of R.
    Range = \{2, 4, 6, 8\}.

17. Find the 8th term of the G.P. 9, 3, 1, ...

Solution:

The given Geometric Progression (G.P.) is 9, 3, 1, ...

First term, \(a = 9\).

Common ratio, \(r = \frac{3}{9} = \frac{1}{3}\).

The formula for the n-th term of a G.P. is \(t_n = ar^{n-1}\).

We need to find the 8th term (\(n=8\)):

\(t_8 = 9 \times \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^{8-1} = 9 \times \left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^7\)

\(t_8 = 3^2 \times \frac{1}{3^7} = \frac{3^2}{3^7} = 3^{2-7} = 3^{-5} = \frac{1}{3^5}\)

\(t_8 = \frac{1}{243}\)

The 8th term is \(\frac{1}{243}\)

18. Find the LCM of \(5x - 10, 5x^2 - 20\)

Solution:

First, factorize each expression.

First expression: \(5x - 10 = 5(x - 2)\)

Second expression: \(5x^2 - 20 = 5(x^2 - 4)\)

Using the difference of squares formula \(a^2 - b^2 = (a-b)(a+b)\):

\(5(x^2 - 4) = 5(x-2)(x+2)\)

To find the LCM (Least Common Multiple), we take the highest power of each unique factor.

The factors are 5, \((x-2)\), and \((x+2)\).

LCM = \(5 \times (x-2) \times (x+2) = 5(x-2)(x+2)\)

This can also be written as \(5(x^2-4)\).

LCM is \(5(x-2)(x+2)\) or \(5x^2-20\)

19. Simplify: \(\frac{4x^2y}{2z^2} \times \frac{6xz^3}{20y^4}\)

Solution:

Combine the terms into a single fraction:

\(\frac{4x^2y}{2z^2} \times \frac{6xz^3}{20y^4} = \frac{4 \times 6 \times x^2 \times x \times y \times z^3}{2 \times 20 \times z^2 \times y^4}\)

Multiply the coefficients and combine the variables:

\( = \frac{24 x^3 y z^3}{40 z^2 y^4}\)

Simplify the numerical coefficient: \(\frac{24}{40} = \frac{3 \times 8}{5 \times 8} = \frac{3}{5}\)

Simplify the variable terms using exponent rules:

\(x^3\)

\(y^{1-4} = y^{-3} = \frac{1}{y^3}\)

\(z^{3-2} = z^1 = z\)

Combine everything:

\( = \frac{3x^3z}{5y^3}\)

\(\frac{3x^3z}{5y^3}\)

20. In the figure, AD is the bisector of \(\angle A\). If BD = 4 cm, DC = 3 cm and AB = 6 cm, find AC.

10th Maths Quarterly Exam Paper

Solution:

By the Angle Bisector Theorem, the internal bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side in the ratio of the other two sides.

So, we have: \(\frac{AB}{AC} = \frac{BD}{DC}\)

Given values: AB = 6 cm, BD = 4 cm, DC = 3 cm.

Substitute these values into the theorem:

\(\frac{6}{AC} = \frac{4}{3}\)

Now, solve for AC:

\(4 \times AC = 6 \times 3\)

\(4 \times AC = 18\)

\(AC = \frac{18}{4} = 4.5\) cm

AC = 4.5 cm

21. A vertical stick of length 6 m casts a shadow 400 cm long on the ground and at the same time a tower casts a shadow 28 m long. Using similarity, find the height of the tower.

Solution:

Let the height of the stick be \(h_1 = 6\) m.

Length of the stick's shadow \(s_1 = 400\) cm = 4 m (since 100 cm = 1 m).

Let the height of the tower be \(h_2\).

Length of the tower's shadow \(s_2 = 28\) m.

At the same time, the angle of elevation of the sun is the same for both the stick and the tower. This forms two similar right-angled triangles.

The ratio of corresponding sides of similar triangles is equal.

\(\frac{\text{Height of stick}}{\text{Shadow of stick}} = \frac{\text{Height of tower}}{\text{Shadow of tower}}\)

\(\frac{h_1}{s_1} = \frac{h_2}{s_2}\)

\(\frac{6}{4} = \frac{h_2}{28}\)

Solve for \(h_2\):

\(h_2 = \frac{6 \times 28}{4} = 6 \times 7 = 42\) m

The height of the tower is 42 m.

22. Show that the points P(-1.5, 3), Q(6, -2), R(-3, 4) are collinear.

Solution:

To show that the points are collinear, we can prove that the slope of line segment PQ is equal to the slope of line segment QR.

The formula for the slope between two points \((x_1, y_1)\) and \((x_2, y_2)\) is \(m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}\).

Slope of PQ:

\(m_{PQ} = \frac{-2 - 3}{6 - (-1.5)} = \frac{-5}{6 + 1.5} = \frac{-5}{7.5} = \frac{-50}{75} = -\frac{2}{3}\)

Slope of QR:

\(m_{QR} = \frac{4 - (-2)}{-3 - 6} = \frac{4 + 2}{-9} = \frac{6}{-9} = -\frac{2}{3}\)

Since the slope of PQ is equal to the slope of QR, and they share a common point Q, the points P, Q, and R are collinear.

The points are collinear.

23. Find the slope of a line joining the given points (-6, 1) and (14, 10).

Solution:

Let the points be \((x_1, y_1) = (-6, 1)\) and \((x_2, y_2) = (14, 10)\).

The formula for the slope (m) is \(m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}\).

\(m = \frac{10 - 1}{14 - (-6)} = \frac{9}{14 + 6} = \frac{9}{20}\)

The slope is \(\frac{9}{20}\).

24. Show that the straight lines \(2x + 3y - 8 = 0\) and \(4x + 6y + 18 = 0\) are parallel.

Solution:

Two lines are parallel if their slopes are equal.

The slope of a line in the form \(Ax + By + C = 0\) is given by \(m = -\frac{A}{B}\).

For the first line, \(2x + 3y - 8 = 0\):

\(m_1 = -\frac{2}{3}\)

For the second line, \(4x + 6y + 18 = 0\):

\(m_2 = -\frac{4}{6} = -\frac{2}{3}\)

Since \(m_1 = m_2\), the two lines have the same slope. Therefore, the lines are parallel.

The lines are parallel.

25. Given the function \(f: x \to x^2 – 5x + 6\), evaluate i) f(-1) and ii) f(2).

Solution:

The function is given by \(f(x) = x^2 - 5x + 6\).

i) f(-1):

Substitute \(x = -1\) into the function:

\(f(-1) = (-1)^2 - 5(-1) + 6\)

\(f(-1) = 1 + 5 + 6 = 12\)

ii) f(2):

Substitute \(x = 2\) into the function:

\(f(2) = (2)^2 - 5(2) + 6\)

\(f(2) = 4 - 10 + 6 = 0\)

i) f(-1) = 12, ii) f(2) = 0

26. If \(13824 = 2^a \times 3^b\), then find a and b.

Solution:

To find the values of 'a' and 'b', we need to perform a prime factorization of the number 13824.

We will divide 13824 by the prime number 2 until we get an odd number:

  • 13824 ÷ 2 = 6912
  • 6912 ÷ 2 = 3456
  • 3456 ÷ 2 = 1728
  • 1728 ÷ 2 = 864
  • 864 ÷ 2 = 432
  • 432 ÷ 2 = 216
  • 216 ÷ 2 = 108
  • 108 ÷ 2 = 54
  • 54 ÷ 2 = 27

We divided by 2 a total of 9 times. So, the power of 2 is 9.

Now, we factorize the remaining number, 27:

  • 27 ÷ 3 = 9
  • 9 ÷ 3 = 3
  • 3 ÷ 3 = 1

We divided by 3 a total of 3 times. So, the power of 3 is 3.

Therefore, the prime factorization of 13824 is \(2^9 \times 3^3\).

Comparing this with \(2^a \times 3^b\), we get:

a = 9, b = 3

27. Prove that \(\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos \theta}{1-\cos \theta}} = \csc \theta + \cot \theta\)

Solution:

We will start with the Left-Hand Side (LHS) and simplify it to get the Right-Hand Side (RHS).

LHS = \(\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos \theta}{1-\cos \theta}}\)

To remove the square root, we multiply the numerator and the denominator inside the root by the conjugate of the denominator, which is \((1 + \cos \theta)\).

LHS = \(\sqrt{\frac{1+\cos \theta}{1-\cos \theta} \times \frac{1+\cos \theta}{1+\cos \theta}}\)

LHS = \(\sqrt{\frac{(1+\cos \theta)^2}{1^2 - \cos^2 \theta}}\)

Using the Pythagorean identity \(\sin^2 \theta + \cos^2 \theta = 1\), we know that \(1 - \cos^2 \theta = \sin^2 \theta\).

LHS = \(\sqrt{\frac{(1+\cos \theta)^2}{\sin^2 \theta}}\)

Now, we can take the square root of the numerator and the denominator:

LHS = \(\frac{1+\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}\)

Split the fraction into two parts:

LHS = \(\frac{1}{\sin \theta} + \frac{\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}\)

Using the reciprocal and quotient identities, we know that \(\csc \theta = \frac{1}{\sin \theta}\) and \(\cot \theta = \frac{\cos \theta}{\sin \theta}\).

LHS = \(\csc \theta + \cot \theta\)

This is equal to the RHS.

Hence Proved.

28. Find the sum of 1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 51.

Solution:

The given series 1, 3, 5, ..., 51 is an Arithmetic Progression (A.P.) of odd numbers.

Here, the first term \(a = 1\).

The common difference \(d = 3 - 1 = 2\).

The last term \(l = 51\).

First, we need to find the number of terms (n) in this series. The formula for the last term is \(l = a + (n-1)d\).

\(51 = 1 + (n-1)2\)

\(51 - 1 = (n-1)2\)

\(50 = (n-1)2\)

\(\frac{50}{2} = n-1\)

\(25 = n-1 \implies n = 26\)

So, there are 26 terms in the series.

Now, we can find the sum of the series using the formula \(S_n = \frac{n}{2}(a+l)\).

\(S_{26} = \frac{26}{2}(1+51)\)

\(S_{26} = 13(52)\)

\(S_{26} = 676\)

Alternatively, the sum of the first 'n' odd natural numbers is given by the formula \(n^2\). Since we found n=26, the sum is \(26^2 = 676\).

The sum of the series is 676.

Part - III

29. Let \(f : A \to B\) be a function defined by \(f(x) = \frac{x}{2} - 1\) where \(A = \{2, 4, 6, 10, 12\}\), \(B = \{0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 9\}\). Represent f by i) Set of ordered pairs, ii) A table, iii) An arrow diagram, iv) A graph.

Solution:

First, we find the image of each element of A under f.

  • \(f(2) = \frac{2}{2} - 1 = 1 - 1 = 0\)
  • \(f(4) = \frac{4}{2} - 1 = 2 - 1 = 1\)
  • \(f(6) = \frac{6}{2} - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2\)
  • \(f(10) = \frac{10}{2} - 1 = 5 - 1 = 4\)
  • \(f(12) = \frac{12}{2} - 1 = 6 - 1 = 5\)

i) Set of ordered pairs:

The function f can be represented as a set of ordered pairs (x, f(x)).

f = \{(2, 0), (4, 1), (6, 2), (10, 4), (12, 5)\}

ii) A table:

10th Maths Quarterly Exam Paper

iii) An arrow diagram:

(An arrow diagram would show two ovals for sets A and B, with arrows connecting each element in A to its corresponding image in B.)

Set A: {2, 4, 6, 10, 12} -> Set B: {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 9}

10th Maths Quarterly Exam Paper

iv) A graph:

(A graph would plot the ordered pairs as points on a Cartesian plane.)

The points to be plotted are (2, 0), (4, 1), (6, 2), (10, 4), and (12, 5).

10th Maths Quarterly Exam Paper

30. Find x if gff(x) = fgg(x), given f(x) = 3x + 1 and g(x) = x + 3.

Solution:

Given functions are \(f(x) = 3x + 1\) and \(g(x) = x + 3\).

We are given the condition \(g(f(f(x))) = f(g(g(x)))\).

Calculate the Left-Hand Side (LHS): gff(x)

First, find \(f(f(x))\):

\(f(f(x)) = f(3x + 1) = 3(3x + 1) + 1 = 9x + 3 + 1 = 9x + 4\)

Now, find \(g(f(f(x)))\):

\(g(9x + 4) = (9x + 4) + 3 = 9x + 7\)

Calculate the Right-Hand Side (RHS): fgg(x)

First, find \(g(g(x))\):

\(g(g(x)) = g(x + 3) = (x + 3) + 3 = x + 6\)

Now, find \(f(g(g(x)))\):

\(f(x + 6) = 3(x + 6) + 1 = 3x + 18 + 1 = 3x + 19\)

Equate LHS and RHS and solve for x:

\(9x + 7 = 3x + 19\)

\(9x - 3x = 19 - 7\)

\(6x = 12\)

\(x = \frac{12}{6} = 2\)

x = 2

31. If \(p_1^{x_1} \times p_2^{x_2} \times p_3^{x_3} \times p_4^{x_4} = 113400\) where \(p_1, p_2, p_3, p_4\) are prime numbers in ascending order. Find the values of \(p_1, p_2, p_3, p_4\) and \(x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4\).

Solution:

We need to find the prime factorization of 113400.

\(113400 = 1134 \times 100\)

\( = 1134 \times 10^2 = 1134 \times (2 \times 5)^2 = 1134 \times 2^2 \times 5^2\)

Now, factorize 1134:

\(1134 = 2 \times 567\)

\(567 = 9 \times 63 = 3^2 \times (9 \times 7) = 3^2 \times 3^2 \times 7 = 3^4 \times 7\)

Combine all the factors:

\(113400 = (2 \times 3^4 \times 7) \times 2^2 \times 5^2\)

\(113400 = 2^{1+2} \times 3^4 \times 5^2 \times 7^1 = 2^3 \times 3^4 \times 5^2 \times 7^1\)

The prime factors \(p_1, p_2, p_3, p_4\) in ascending order are 2, 3, 5, 7.

The corresponding exponents are \(x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4\).

By comparing \(2^3 \times 3^4 \times 5^2 \times 7^1\) with \(p_1^{x_1} \times p_2^{x_2} \times p_3^{x_3} \times p_4^{x_4}\):

\(p_1 = 2, p_2 = 3, p_3 = 5, p_4 = 7\)
\(x_1 = 3, x_2 = 4, x_3 = 2, x_4 = 1\)

32. Rekha has 15 square colour papers of sizes 10 cm, 11 cm, 12 cm, ..., 24 cm. How much area can be decorated with these colour papers?

Solution:

The sides of the square papers are 10 cm, 11 cm, ..., 24 cm.

The area of a square with side 's' is \(s^2\).

The total area is the sum of the areas of all the squares:

Total Area \( = 10^2 + 11^2 + 12^2 + \dots + 24^2\)

We use the formula for the sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers: \(\sum_{k=1}^{n} k^2 = \frac{n(n+1)(2n+1)}{6}\).

We can write the required sum as \((\sum_{k=1}^{24} k^2) - (\sum_{k=1}^{9} k^2)\).

Step 1: Calculate \(\sum_{k=1}^{24} k^2\)

\(\frac{24(24+1)(2 \times 24 + 1)}{6} = \frac{24 \times 25 \times 49}{6} = 4 \times 25 \times 49 = 100 \times 49 = 4900\)

Step 2: Calculate \(\sum_{k=1}^{9} k^2\)

\(\frac{9(9+1)(2 \times 9 + 1)}{6} = \frac{9 \times 10 \times 19}{6} = 3 \times 5 \times 19 = 285\)

Step 3: Find the total area

Total Area = 4900 - 285 = 4615 cm².

The total area that can be decorated is 4615 cm².

33. In an A.P, sum of 4 consecutive terms is 28 and the sum of their squares is 276. Find the four numbers.

Solution:

Let the four consecutive terms of the A.P. be \(a-3d, a-d, a+d, a+3d\).

Condition 1: Sum of the terms is 28

\((a-3d) + (a-d) + (a+d) + (a+3d) = 28\)

\(4a = 28 \implies a = 7\)

Condition 2: Sum of their squares is 276

\((a-3d)^2 + (a-d)^2 + (a+d)^2 + (a+3d)^2 = 276\)

Expanding this: \((a^2 - 6ad + 9d^2) + (a^2 - 2ad + d^2) + (a^2 + 2ad + d^2) + (a^2 + 6ad + 9d^2) = 276\)

\(4a^2 + 20d^2 = 276\)

Substitute \(a = 7\):

\(4(7^2) + 20d^2 = 276\)

\(4(49) + 20d^2 = 276\)

\(196 + 20d^2 = 276\)

\(20d^2 = 276 - 196 = 80\)

\(d^2 = 4 \implies d = \pm 2\)

Case 1: d = 2

The terms are: \(7-3(2), 7-2, 7+2, 7+3(2) \implies 1, 5, 9, 13\)

Case 2: d = -2

The terms are: \(7-3(-2), 7-(-2), 7+(-2), 7+3(-2) \implies 13, 9, 5, 1\)

In both cases, the set of numbers is the same.

The four numbers are 1, 5, 9, 13.

34. If \(9x^4 + 12x^3 + 28x^2 + ax + b\) is a perfect square, find the values of a and b.

Solution:

We use the long division method to find the square root.

The square root of the polynomial will be of the form \(px^2 + qx + r\).

\((px^2 + qx + r)^2 = p^2x^4 + 2pqx^3 + (q^2+2pr)x^2 + 2qrx + r^2\)

Comparing the coefficients with \(9x^4 + 12x^3 + 28x^2 + ax + b\):

  • Coefficient of \(x^4\): \(p^2 = 9 \implies p=3\)
  • Coefficient of \(x^3\): \(2pq = 12 \implies 2(3)q = 12 \implies 6q = 12 \implies q=2\)
  • Coefficient of \(x^2\): \(q^2 + 2pr = 28 \implies (2)^2 + 2(3)r = 28 \implies 4 + 6r = 28 \implies 6r = 24 \implies r=4\)
  • Coefficient of \(x\): \(a = 2qr \implies a = 2(2)(4) \implies a = 16\)
  • Constant term: \(b = r^2 \implies b = 4^2 \implies b = 16\)
a = 16, b = 16

35. There are 12 pieces of five, ten and twenty rupee currencies whose total value is ₹105. When first 2 sorts are interchanged in their numbers its value will be increased by ₹20. Find the number of currencies in each sort.

Solution:

Let's define the variables for the number of currencies of each type:

  • Let x be the number of five-rupee notes.
  • Let y be the number of ten-rupee notes.
  • Let z be the number of twenty-rupee notes.

From the problem statement, we can form three linear equations:

1. Total number of currencies is 12:

\(x + y + z = 12\) --- (1)

2. Total value of the currencies is ₹105:

\(5x + 10y + 20z = 105\)

Dividing the equation by 5 to simplify:

\(x + 2y + 4z = 21\) --- (2)

3. Value increases by ₹20 when the number of five and ten-rupee notes are interchanged:

The new value is \(5y + 10x + 20z\). This is equal to the original value plus 20.

\(5y + 10x + 20z = (5x + 10y + 20z) + 20\)

Simplifying the equation:

\(10x - 5x + 5y - 10y = 20\)

\(5x - 5y = 20\)

Dividing by 5:

\(x - y = 4 \implies x = y + 4\) --- (3)

Now, we solve the system of equations.

Substitute equation (3) into equation (1):

\((y + 4) + y + z = 12\)

\(2y + z = 8 \implies z = 8 - 2y\) --- (4)

Substitute equation (3) into equation (2):

\((y + 4) + 2y + 4z = 21\)

\(3y + 4z = 17\) --- (5)

Now, substitute equation (4) into equation (5):

\(3y + 4(8 - 2y) = 17\)

\(3y + 32 - 8y = 17\)

\(-5y = 17 - 32\)

\(-5y = -15 \implies y = 3\)

Find the values of x and z:

Using \(y=3\) in equation (3): \(x = 3 + 4 \implies x = 7\)

Using \(y=3\) in equation (4): \(z = 8 - 2(3) = 8 - 6 \implies z = 2\)

Number of five-rupee notes (x) = 7
Number of ten-rupee notes (y) = 3
Number of twenty-rupee notes (z) = 2

36. State and prove Basic Proportionality Theorem.

Solution:

Thales Theorem Diagram

In ∆ABC, D is a point on AB and E is a point on AC.

To prove: \(\frac{AD}{DB} = \frac{AE}{EC}\)

Construction: Draw a line DE || BC

No. Statement Reason
1. ∠ABC = ∠ADE = ∠1 Corresponding angles are equal because DE || BC
2. ∠ACB = ∠AED = ∠2 Corresponding angles are equal because DE || BC
3. ∠DAE = ∠BAC = ∠3 Both triangles have a common angle
∆ABC ~ ∆ADE By AAA similarity
\(\frac{AB}{AD} = \frac{AC}{AE}\) Corresponding sides are proportional
\(\frac{AD+DB}{AD} = \frac{AE+EC}{AE}\) Split AB and AC using the points D and E.
\(1 + \frac{DB}{AD} = 1 + \frac{EC}{AE}\) On simplification
\(\frac{DB}{AD} = \frac{EC}{AE}\) Cancelling 1 on both sides
\(\frac{AD}{DB} = \frac{AE}{EC}\) Taking reciprocals. Hence proved.
Hence Proved.

37. Find the area of the quadrilateral formed by the points (8,6), (5,11), (-5,12) and (-4,3).

Solution:

Let the vertices be A(8,6), B(5,11), C(-5,12), and D(-4,3). The points are in counter-clockwise order.

The formula for the area of a quadrilateral with vertices \((x_1, y_1), (x_2, y_2), (x_3, y_3), (x_4, y_4)\) is:

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |(x_1y_2 + x_2y_3 + x_3y_4 + x_4y_1) - (y_1x_2 + y_2x_3 + y_3x_4 + y_4x_1)|\)

Substituting the coordinates:

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |((8)(11) + (5)(12) + (-5)(3) + (-4)(6)) - ((6)(5) + (11)(-5) + (12)(-4) + (3)(8))|\)

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |(88 + 60 - 15 - 24) - (30 - 55 - 48 + 24)|\)

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |(148 - 39) - (54 - 103)|\)

Area \( = \frac{1}{2} |109 - (-49)| = \frac{1}{2} |109 + 49| = \frac{1}{2} |158|\)

Area = 79 sq. units.

Area = 79 sq. units.

38. A cat is located at the point (-6,-4) in xy plane. A bottle of milk is kept at (5,11). The cat wishes to consume the milk travelling through shortest possible distance. Find the equation of the path it needs to take.

Solution:

The shortest path between two points is a straight line. We need to find the equation of the line passing through points A(-6, -4) and B(5, 11).

Using the two-point form of a linear equation: \(\frac{y - y_1}{y_2 - y_1} = \frac{x - x_1}{x_2 - x_1}\)

Here, \((x_1, y_1) = (-6, -4)\) and \((x_2, y_2) = (5, 11)\).

\(\frac{y - (-4)}{11 - (-4)} = \frac{x - (-6)}{5 - (-6)}\)

\(\frac{y + 4}{15} = \frac{x + 6}{11}\)

Cross-multiply:

\(11(y + 4) = 15(x + 6)\)

\(11y + 44 = 15x + 90\)

Rearrange into the standard form \(Ax + By + C = 0\):

\(15x - 11y + 90 - 44 = 0\)

\(15x - 11y + 46 = 0\)

The equation of the path is \(15x - 11y + 46 = 0\).

39. Let A(3,-4), B(9,-4), C(5,−7) and D(7,-7). Show that ABCD is a trapezium.

Solution:

A trapezium is a quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides. We can check this by calculating the slopes of the four sides.

Slope formula: \(m = \frac{y_2 - y_1}{x_2 - x_1}\).

  • Slope of AB: \(m_{AB} = \frac{-4 - (-4)}{9 - 3} = \frac{0}{6} = 0\).
  • Slope of BC: \(m_{BC} = \frac{-7 - (-4)}{5 - 9} = \frac{-3}{-4} = \frac{3}{4}\).
  • Slope of CD: \(m_{CD} = \frac{-7 - (-7)}{7 - 5} = \frac{0}{2} = 0\).
  • Slope of DA: \(m_{DA} = \frac{-4 - (-7)}{3 - 7} = \frac{3}{-4} = -\frac{3}{4}\).

Comparing the slopes:

\(m_{AB} = m_{CD} = 0\), which means side AB is parallel to side CD.

\(m_{BC} \neq m_{DA}\), which means side BC is not parallel to side DA.

Since one pair of opposite sides is parallel, the quadrilateral ABCD is a trapezium.

Hence, ABCD is a trapezium.

40. Simplify: \(\frac{b^2+3b-28}{b^2+4b+4} + \frac{b^2-49}{b^2-5b-14}\)

Solution:

First, factorize all the quadratic expressions.

  • \(b^2+3b-28 = (b+7)(b-4)\)
  • \(b^2+4b+4 = (b+2)^2\)
  • \(b^2-49 = (b-7)(b+7)\)
  • \(b^2-5b-14 = (b-7)(b+2)\)

Substitute the factored forms back into the expression:

\(\frac{(b+7)(b-4)}{(b+2)^2} + \frac{(b-7)(b+7)}{(b-7)(b+2)}\)

Simplify the second term by canceling \((b-7)\):

\(\frac{(b+7)(b-4)}{(b+2)^2} + \frac{b+7}{b+2}\)

To add the fractions, find a common denominator, which is \((b+2)^2\).

\(\frac{(b+7)(b-4)}{(b+2)^2} + \frac{(b+7)(b+2)}{(b+2)^2}\)

Combine the numerators over the common denominator:

\(\frac{(b+7)(b-4) + (b+7)(b+2)}{(b+2)^2}\)

Factor out the common term \((b+7)\) in the numerator:

\(\frac{(b+7)[(b-4) + (b+2)]}{(b+2)^2} = \frac{(b+7)(2b-2)}{(b+2)^2} = \frac{2(b+7)(b-1)}{(b+2)^2}\)

\(\frac{2(b+7)(b-1)}{(b+2)^2}\)

41. Prove the following identity. \(\frac{\sin^3 A + \cos^3 A}{\sin A + \cos A} + \frac{\sin^3 A - \cos^3 A}{\sin A - \cos A} = 2\)

Solution:

We use the algebraic identities for the sum and difference of cubes:

\(a^3+b^3 = (a+b)(a^2-ab+b^2)\)

\(a^3-b^3 = (a-b)(a^2+ab+b^2)\)

Applying these to the Left-Hand Side (LHS):

LHS = \(\frac{(\sin A + \cos A)(\sin^2 A - \sin A \cos A + \cos^2 A)}{\sin A + \cos A} + \frac{(\sin A - \cos A)(\sin^2 A + \sin A \cos A + \cos^2 A)}{\sin A - \cos A}\)

Cancel the common factors in each term:

LHS = \((\sin^2 A - \sin A \cos A + \cos^2 A) + (\sin^2 A + \sin A \cos A + \cos^2 A)\)

Group the terms and use the Pythagorean identity \(\sin^2 A + \cos^2 A = 1\):

LHS = \((\sin^2 A + \cos^2 A) - \sin A \cos A + (\sin^2 A + \cos^2 A) + \sin A \cos A\)

LHS = \((1) - \sin A \cos A + (1) + \sin A \cos A\)

LHS = \(1 + 1 = 2\)

Since LHS = RHS, the identity is proved.

Hence Proved.

Part - IV

42. Let A = The set of all natural numbers less than 8, B = The set of all prime numbers less than 8, C = The set of even prime numbers. Verify that \(A \times (B - C) = (A \times B) - (A \times C)\).

Solution:

First, let's list the elements of each set:

  • A = \{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7\}
  • B = \{2, 3, 5, 7\}
  • C = \{2\} (since 2 is the only even prime number)

Calculate the Left-Hand Side (LHS): \(A \times (B - C)\)

First, find \(B - C\):

\(B - C = \{2, 3, 5, 7\} - \{2\} = \{3, 5, 7\}\)

Now, find \(A \times (B - C)\):

\(A \times \{3, 5, 7\} = \{(1,3), (1,5), (1,7), (2,3), (2,5), (2,7), (3,3), (3,5), (3,7), (4,3), (4,5), (4,7), (5,3), (5,5), (5,7), (6,3), (6,5), (6,7), (7,3), (7,5), (7,7)\}\)

Calculate the Right-Hand Side (RHS): \((A \times B) - (A \times C)\)

First, find \(A \times B\):

\(A \times B = \{(1,2), (1,3), (1,5), (1,7), (2,2), ..., (7,7)\}\)

Next, find \(A \times C\):

\(A \times C = A \times \{2\} = \{(1,2), (2,2), (3,2), (4,2), (5,2), (6,2), (7,2)\}\)

Now, compute \((A \times B) - (A \times C)\). This means we take all elements from \(A \times B\) and remove the elements that are also in \(A \times C\). The elements to be removed are all ordered pairs where the second element is 2.

The remaining elements will be the ordered pairs from \(A \times B\) where the second element is 3, 5, or 7. This is exactly the set \(A \times \{3, 5, 7\}\).

Thus, \((A \times B) - (A \times C) = A \times \{3, 5, 7\}\).

Verification:

The set obtained for the LHS is identical to the set obtained for the RHS.

Hence, \(A \times (B - C) = (A \times B) - (A \times C)\) is verified.

43. a) Construct a triangle similar to a given triangle PQR with its sides equal to \(\frac{7}{3}\) of the corresponding sides of the triangle PQR (Scale factor \(\frac{7}{3} > 1\)).

Solution:

Since the scale factor is \(\frac{7}{3}\), which is greater than 1, the new triangle will be larger than the original triangle PQR.

Steps of Construction:

  1. Draw a triangle PQR with any suitable measurements.
  2. Draw a ray QX making an acute angle with QR, on the side opposite to vertex P.
  3. Locate 7 points \(Q_1, Q_2, Q_3, Q_4, Q_5, Q_6, Q_7\) on the ray QX such that the distances between them are equal (\(QQ_1 = Q_1Q_2 = \dots = Q_6Q_7\)).
  4. Join \(Q_3\) (the 3rd point, as 3 is the denominator) to R.
  5. Draw a line through \(Q_7\) parallel to \(Q_3R\). This line will intersect the extended line segment QR at a point R'.
  6. Draw a line through R' parallel to PR. This line will intersect the extended line segment QP at a point P'.
  7. \(\triangle P'QR'\) is the required similar triangle, with each side being \(\frac{7}{3}\) times the corresponding side of \(\triangle PQR\).
Construction of similar triangle

43. b) Construct a triangle \(\triangle PQR\) such that QR = 5 cm, \(\angle P = 30^\circ\) and the altitude from P to QR is of length 4.2 cm.

Solution:

This construction involves using the concept that angles in the same segment of a circle are equal.

Construct a triangle when its base, the vertical angle and the altitude from the vertex
to the base are given. Construct a triangle when its base, the vertical angle and the altitude from the vertex
to the base are given. Construct a triangle when its base, the vertical angle and the altitude from the vertex
to the base are given.

Steps of Construction:

  1. Draw a line segment QR of length 5 cm.
  2. At point Q, draw a line QE such that \(\angle RQE = 30^\circ\).
  3. Draw a line QF perpendicular to QE at Q.
  4. Draw the perpendicular bisector of the line segment QR. Let it intersect QR at G and the line QF at O.
  5. With O as the center and OQ as the radius, draw a circle. This circle will pass through Q and R. The major segment QR contains the angle \(30^\circ\).
  6. On the perpendicular bisector, mark a point M at a distance of 4.2 cm from QR.
  7. Draw a line through M parallel to QR. This line will intersect the circle at two points, P and S.
  8. Join PQ and PR (or SQ and SR). \(\triangle PQR\) is the required triangle.

44. a) A bus is travelling at a uniform speed of 50 km/hr. Draw the distance-time graph and hence find i) The constant of variation, ii) How far will it travel in 90 minutes?, iii) The time required to cover a distance of 300 km from the graph.

Solution:

Let x be the time in hours and y be the distance in km. The relationship is given by Distance = Speed \(\times\) Time, so \(y = 50x\). This is a case of direct variation.

Table of Values:

Time (x) in hours12345
Distance (y) in km50100150200250

The graph is a straight line passing through the origin (0,0) and the points from the table.

Distance-Time Graph

From the graph and calculation:

i) The constant of variation (k): Since \(y = kx\), we have \(k = \frac{y}{x} = \frac{50}{1} = 50\). The constant of variation is 50 km/hr.

ii) How far will it travel in 90 minutes? 90 minutes = 1.5 hours. From the graph, at x = 1.5 hours, the corresponding y value is 75 km. (Calculation: \(y = 50 \times 1.5 = 75\) km).

iii) The time required to cover a distance of 300 km. From the graph, for a distance y = 300 km, the corresponding time x is 6 hours. (Calculation: \(300 = 50x \implies x = 6\) hours).

44. b) A school announces that for a certain competition, the cash price will be distributed for all the participants equally as shown below. i) Find the constant of variation, ii) Graph the above data and hence, find how much will each participant get if the number of participants are 12.

Solution:

Let X be the number of participants and y be the amount for each participant in Rs.

Data Table:

No. of Participants (X)246810
Amount for each (y)18090604536

Let's check the product \(X \times y\):
\(2 \times 180 = 360\); \(4 \times 90 = 360\); \(6 \times 60 = 360\); etc.
Since the product \(Xy\) is constant, this is an inverse variation, where \(Xy = k\).

i) Find the constant of variation (k):
The constant of variation is \(k = Xy = 360\).

ii) Graph and find the amount for 12 participants:
The graph will be a hyperbola representing the equation \(y = \frac{360}{X}\).

Inverse Variation Graph Inverse Variation Graph

To find the amount for 12 participants (X=12), we can use the graph or the equation.
From the graph, when we locate X=12 on the x-axis, the corresponding point on the curve gives a y-value of 30.
Calculation: \(y = \frac{360}{12} = 30\).

If the number of participants is 12, each will get Rs. 30.
10th Maths Quarterly Exam Paper 10th Maths Quarterly Exam Paper 10th Maths Quarterly Exam Paper 10th Maths Quarterly Exam Paper