Science and Technology Part II (N 418) - 2024 Solved Paper
Q.1 (A) Choose correct option and write its number for the following questions:
(i) Evolution means ....................... .
(ii) One of the rare species is ..................... .
Note: According to the textbook, Red Panda is classified under Rare Species. Tiger is Vulnerable, and Lesser Florican is Endangered.
(iii) The machine which converts the kinetic energy of wind to electrical energy is called ..................... .
(iv) Chemically, vinegar is ..................... .
(v) We get ..................... kcal energy per gram of proteins.
Q.1 (B) Solve the following questions:
(i) Find odd man out: Starfish, Snail, Frog, Amoeba
Answer: Amoeba.
Reason: Amoeba is a unicellular organism (Protozoa), whereas Starfish, Snail, and Frog are multicellular animals.
Reason: Amoeba is a unicellular organism (Protozoa), whereas Starfish, Snail, and Frog are multicellular animals.
(ii) Match the correct pairs:
| Column 'A' | Column 'B' |
|---|---|
| (1) Biotic components | (b) Plant |
(iii) Write the correlation:
White revolution : Dairy :: Blue revolution : Fishery / Production of aquatic organisms
(iv) Observe the diagram and identify the phylum:
[Image of Hydra provided in paper]
Answer: Phylum Cnidaria (Coelenterata).
(v) State whether given statement is right or wrong:
"Peer group influence is stronger in case of adolescents."
Answer: Right (True).
Answer: Right (True).
Q.2 (A) Give scientific reason (any two):
(i) Fibers are one of the important nutrients.
1. Although fibers are not digested by the human body, they help in the digestion of other substances.
2. They facilitate the egestion of undigested food (excretion of feces) and prevent constipation.
3. Therefore, they are considered essential nutrients for a healthy digestive system.
2. They facilitate the egestion of undigested food (excretion of feces) and prevent constipation.
3. Therefore, they are considered essential nutrients for a healthy digestive system.
(ii) Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot be included in class-Amphibia.
1. Amphibians typically perform respiration through the skin when in water and through lungs on land, and they have moist, glandular skin without scales.
2. Tortoise breathes only through lungs, even when in water.
3. Tortoise has an exoskeleton (hard shell) and dry, scaly skin.
4. Tortoise lays eggs on land with a hard calcareous shell, unlike amphibians which lay soft eggs in water.
5. Therefore, it is classified as a Reptile, not an Amphibian.
2. Tortoise breathes only through lungs, even when in water.
3. Tortoise has an exoskeleton (hard shell) and dry, scaly skin.
4. Tortoise lays eggs on land with a hard calcareous shell, unlike amphibians which lay soft eggs in water.
5. Therefore, it is classified as a Reptile, not an Amphibian.
(iii) Hydroelectric energy, solar energy and wind energy are called renewable energies.
1. These energy sources are obtained from natural processes that are replenished constantly (water cycle, sunlight, wind).
2. They are inexhaustible and sustainable compared to fossil fuels.
3. Their usage does not cause severe environmental pollution.
4. Hence, they are termed renewable energies.
2. They are inexhaustible and sustainable compared to fossil fuels.
3. Their usage does not cause severe environmental pollution.
4. Hence, they are termed renewable energies.
Q.2 (B) Answer the following questions (any three):
(i) Write down four benefits of Biotechnology.
1. Increased Yield: Production of crops with higher yield per hectare.
2. Pest Resistance: Development of pest-resistant crops (e.g., Bt Cotton), reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
3. Stress Tolerance: Crops can withstand abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, and heat.
4. Healthcare: Production of vaccines, antibiotics, and hormones like insulin for treating diseases.
2. Pest Resistance: Development of pest-resistant crops (e.g., Bt Cotton), reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
3. Stress Tolerance: Crops can withstand abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, and heat.
4. Healthcare: Production of vaccines, antibiotics, and hormones like insulin for treating diseases.
(ii) Distinguish between Sexual reproduction and Asexual reproduction.
| Sexual Reproduction | Asexual Reproduction |
|---|---|
| Two parents (male and female) are usually involved. | Only one single parent is involved. |
| Gametes are formed and fusion (fertilization) occurs. | No formation or fusion of gametes. |
| Offspring show genetic variation. | Offspring are genetically identical (clones). |
| It is a slower process. | It is a faster process. |
(iii) Observe the following diagrams and complete table:
Left Column (Diagram 'A'):
Disaster: Earthquake
Precaution: Take shelter under a table/bed or stand in a door frame (Drop, Cover, Hold on).
Right Column (Diagram 'B'):
Disaster: Snake Bite
Primary (Action): Wash the wound with water / Tie a cloth tightly above the wound.
Stage (Action): (1) Provide emotional support to the patient. (2) Seek immediate medical help / Antivenom.
Disaster: Earthquake
Precaution: Take shelter under a table/bed or stand in a door frame (Drop, Cover, Hold on).
Right Column (Diagram 'B'):
Disaster: Snake Bite
Primary (Action): Wash the wound with water / Tie a cloth tightly above the wound.
Stage (Action): (1) Provide emotional support to the patient. (2) Seek immediate medical help / Antivenom.
(iv) Write down any two features of Industrial Microbiology.
1. Various productions with the help of fermentation processes (e.g., Bread, Cheese, Wine, Enzymes).
2. Use of microbes for garbage management and pollution control.
2. Use of microbes for garbage management and pollution control.
(v) Complete the following flow chart: Need of Environmental Conservation.
(The chart has 6 boxes. Two are given: "To maintain the balance in nature" and "To solve natural and artificial problems". The remaining four can be:)
1. To conserve biodiversity.
2. To protect rare and endangered species.
3. To prevent different types of pollution.
4. To ensure sustainable development for future generations.
1. To conserve biodiversity.
2. To protect rare and endangered species.
3. To prevent different types of pollution.
4. To ensure sustainable development for future generations.
Q.3 Solve the following questions (any five):
(i) Write any three characteristic features of class "Aves".
1. Members are warm-blooded (Homeotherms).
2. Body is spindle-shaped to minimize air resistance during flight and covered with feathers.
3. Forelimbs are modified into wings, and digits are covered with scales and bear claws.
4. Respiration occurs through lungs assisted by air sacs; bones are hollow (pneumatic) to make the body light.
2. Body is spindle-shaped to minimize air resistance during flight and covered with feathers.
3. Forelimbs are modified into wings, and digits are covered with scales and bear claws.
4. Respiration occurs through lungs assisted by air sacs; bones are hollow (pneumatic) to make the body light.
(ii) (a) What are vestigial organs? (b) Write two names of some vestigial organs in human body. (c) Write the names of those animals in whom same organs are used? Give two examples.
(a) Definition: Degenerated or underdeveloped useless organs of organisms are called vestigial organs.
(b) Human Examples: Appendix, Tail bone (Coccyx), Wisdom teeth, Ear muscles (Pinna muscles).
(c) Functional in other animals:
- Appendix: Functional in ruminants (cattle) for cellulose digestion.
- Ear muscles: Functional in monkeys and cattle for ear movement.
(b) Human Examples: Appendix, Tail bone (Coccyx), Wisdom teeth, Ear muscles (Pinna muscles).
(c) Functional in other animals:
- Appendix: Functional in ruminants (cattle) for cellulose digestion.
- Ear muscles: Functional in monkeys and cattle for ear movement.
(iii) How energy is formed from oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins? Correct the diagram given below:
The diagram in the question paper is scrambled. The correct pathway is:
Lipids
→ Fatty Acids
→ Acetyl Co-Enzyme A
Carbohydrates
→ Glycolysis
→ Pyruvic Acid
→ Acetyl Co-Enzyme A
Proteins
→ Amino Acids
→ Acetyl Co-Enzyme A
↓
Kreb's Cycle
→ CO2 + H2O + Energy
(iv) What is the meaning of the following symbols? Write your role accordingly.
1. Symbol (Person using dustbin): "Use Dustbins / Do not litter".
Role: Throw dry and wet waste in separate dustbins to keep the environment clean.
2. Symbol (Plug with leaf): "Save Energy / Green Energy".
Role: Switch off electrical appliances when not in use to conserve electricity.
3. Symbol (Bicycle): "Use Bicycle / Green Transport".
Role: Use a bicycle for short distances to save fuel and reduce air pollution.
Role: Throw dry and wet waste in separate dustbins to keep the environment clean.
2. Symbol (Plug with leaf): "Save Energy / Green Energy".
Role: Switch off electrical appliances when not in use to conserve electricity.
3. Symbol (Bicycle): "Use Bicycle / Green Transport".
Role: Use a bicycle for short distances to save fuel and reduce air pollution.
(v) Observe the diagram and answer the following questions (Thermal Power Plant):
(a) Which type of energy is created in the above diagram?
Electrical Energy (generated from Thermal Energy).
(b) Which type of fuel is used in power plant?
Coal.
(c) State one problem created in such type of power plant.
Air pollution due to burning of coal (release of CO2, SO2, NOx) or Water pollution due to release of hot water.
Electrical Energy (generated from Thermal Energy).
(b) Which type of fuel is used in power plant?
Coal.
(c) State one problem created in such type of power plant.
Air pollution due to burning of coal (release of CO2, SO2, NOx) or Water pollution due to release of hot water.
(vi) Explain the importance of Biopesticides in organic farming.
1. Biopesticides are derived from natural materials (animals, plants, bacteria) and are eco-friendly.
2. They do not cause soil or water pollution unlike chemical pesticides.
3. They are harmless to humans and non-target organisms (like bees and birds).
4. They help in maintaining soil fertility and prevent pests from developing resistance.
2. They do not cause soil or water pollution unlike chemical pesticides.
3. They are harmless to humans and non-target organisms (like bees and birds).
4. They help in maintaining soil fertility and prevent pests from developing resistance.
(vii) Complete the following conceptual picture and write its uses in treatment of various diseases (Stem Cells):
Central Concept: Uses of Stem Cells.
Box 1: Regenerative Therapy (Wound healing).
Box 2: Organ Transplantation (Kidney, Liver).
Box 3: Cell Therapy (Treating Diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's).
Box 4: Production of blood cells (Anemia, Leukemia treatment).
Box 1: Regenerative Therapy (Wound healing).
Box 2: Organ Transplantation (Kidney, Liver).
Box 3: Cell Therapy (Treating Diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's).
Box 4: Production of blood cells (Anemia, Leukemia treatment).
(viii) Which are three objectives of disaster management?
1. To save human lives and rescue people from the disaster site.
2. To supply essential commodities (food, water, medicine) to affected people.
3. To restore normalcy in the lives of people and rehabilitate the affected victims.
2. To supply essential commodities (food, water, medicine) to affected people.
3. To restore normalcy in the lives of people and rehabilitate the affected victims.
Q.4 Solve the following questions (any one):
(i) Questions based on Female Reproductive System:
(a) Draw well labelled diagram of female reproductive system.
(Student should draw the diagram showing: Pair of Ovaries, Pair of Oviducts/Fallopian tubes, Uterus, Vagina).
(b) Which type of hormones are secreted in female reproductive system?
Estrogen and Progesterone.
(c) When does menopause period stop?
Menopause occurs (menstrual cycle stops) typically between the age of 45 to 50 years.
(d) How many ovaries are there in female foetus at the time of birth?
There are two ovaries (containing 2-4 million immature oocytes).
(Student should draw the diagram showing: Pair of Ovaries, Pair of Oviducts/Fallopian tubes, Uterus, Vagina).
(b) Which type of hormones are secreted in female reproductive system?
Estrogen and Progesterone.
(c) When does menopause period stop?
Menopause occurs (menstrual cycle stops) typically between the age of 45 to 50 years.
(d) How many ovaries are there in female foetus at the time of birth?
There are two ovaries (containing 2-4 million immature oocytes).
(ii) Give two examples of each:
(a) Hobbies to reduce stress: Singing/Music, Gardening, Reading, Photography.
(b) Diseases endangering the social health: AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB), Leprosy.
(c) Physical problems arising due to excessive use of mobile phones: Headaches, Insomnia, Vision problems, Joint pain.
(d) Activities under the jurisdiction of cyber crime laws: Hacking, Identity theft, Bank fraud, Cyber stalking.
(e) Problems due to alcoholism: Liver diseases (Cirrhosis), Nervous system damage, Family conflicts, Financial loss.
(b) Diseases endangering the social health: AIDS, Tuberculosis (TB), Leprosy.
(c) Physical problems arising due to excessive use of mobile phones: Headaches, Insomnia, Vision problems, Joint pain.
(d) Activities under the jurisdiction of cyber crime laws: Hacking, Identity theft, Bank fraud, Cyber stalking.
(e) Problems due to alcoholism: Liver diseases (Cirrhosis), Nervous system damage, Family conflicts, Financial loss.
No comments:
Post a Comment