A birthday party Essay for School Students.

Fiona is my neighbour. She turned twelve recently and her parents held a birthday party for her. I was one of those invited.

The party began at about three in the afternoon. There were about twenty of us children gathered in Fiona's house. We were all dressed in our best clothes. Everyone, especially Fiona, wore a happy smile.

We gave our presents to Fiona and she happily opened them. It must really be exciting to receive all those presents.

After that Fiona's mother served us soft drinks and delicious tidbits. We then played some games like "Musical Chairs" and "Treasure Hunt". The winners were given prizes.

At about four-thirty Fiona's mother brought out the birthday cake. It was beautifully decorated with pink and white icing. Twelve colourful candles sat in the middle of the cake. We all sang "Happy Birthday" to Fiona after which she blew out the candles and cut the cake. We clapped out hands eagerly.

We helped ourselves to slices of the delicious cake. Then we continued our games.

Finally at about six in the evening the party came to an end. We were all tired but happy. The parents of the other children came to collect them. I helped Fiona and her mother clean up the mess we made. After that I walked home which was only two doors away.

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An Hour On A Railway Platform

The Indian railway is one of the largest in the world. It has its own share of problems, like accidents, delays, manpower shortage, shortage of space and so on. One such problem is lack of punctuality. Thousands of people all over India are affected when a train is late or is delayed.

Once our family had gone to Solapur for a few days. On our return we planned to catch the Jayanti Janata Express from Solapur to Bombay. The train was to arrive at 7.50 p.m. We were at the station by 7 p.m. There was an announcement over the public address system at 7.45 p.m. that the train would be 90 minutes late because of some derailment. We found seats and bought a few magazines.

I soon lost interest in the magazines and wondered how I could spend the time. I was restless.

Then I began noticing the people around me. The vendors at the stalls were all busy, some arranging their wares and some were cooking. Some passengers on the platform were checking their luggage. There were beggars counting their money. The sweepers were doing their jobs. There was an electrician repairing some connection. He was being helped by another man, also in uniform. Some porters were sleeping, others talking and playing cards.

The Station Master came out of his office and went into the next office. I wondered why, so I got up and had a look. He was talking to the telegraphist. Others were coming to report to the station master and going about their work.

I started observing and wondering how the stations were run so smoothly. I was amazed when I thought of the many employees and people working night and day to keep the railways and all the thousands of stations and kilometres of rail tracks, in working order.

I also saw something of the life of the number of people who lived off the railways and of people whose life and livelihood depended on the travellers and the railways.

When the train arrived 3 hrs. late, I did not realize how late it was! Because I was so interested in what I was observing. I never thought a 3 hours delay could turn out to be so enjoyable, interesting and educative.

Trees - Nature’s Gift to Man.

Of all the living beings inhabiting this earth, trees are out best friends. Mother Nature, in her infinite wisdom, has gifted them to man to live in harmony with him and to be of great service to him.

            Besides fruits, trees provide important raw materials for our industries. Industries provide employment to people. The wood for furniture, housing, railway carriages and ships come from trees. Wood is also used for fuel and for making charcoal which is used as fuel. From trees we get wood - pulp to make paper and artificial yarns (like nylon). Trees also give us products such as spices, rubber, turpentine, eucalyptus oil and gum. We also get honey and many valuable things for medicine from forests.

            We get so many things from forests that forests are rightly known as ‘ green gold’ Trees provide shade to tired travellers and animals and shelter to innumerable birds and insects. Trees keep the environment clean. They absorb harmful carbon dioxide from the air and fill the atmosphere with precious life - sustaining oxygen. In this way they reduce air pollution. Therefore, trees are called the lungs of nature. Forests retain humidity and attract rains. There will be no rain if there are no trees. It is for this reason that trees are known as rain catchers.

            In fact, all our basic necessities like, air, water, food, clothing and shelter come directly or indirectly from trees. We thus, owe our very existence to trees.

            If there were no trees, there would be no rain and land would turn into an arid desert. Mankind would perish for want of food, drinking water, fresh air and sufficient humidity. So we should ever remain grateful to trees.

Pollution Essay for School Students.

Pollution is the price we are paying for modern civilisation and material progress. Pollution means making foul or filthy. Pollution is our enemy number one today. There is pollution everywhere, in the atmosphere, on land, in the seas and rivers. Our air is polluted or made foul by smoke, gases and chemicals puffed out by vehicles, and factories, and by the use of various chemicals. Besides this, there is noise pollution in big cities resulting from the noise of vehicles, machines, loudspeakers and crackers.

            Tonnes of industrial and chemical waste thoughtlessly dumped into our rivers, lakes and seas kill fish and other marine life. Polluted water destroys plant life. It corrupts the soil and makes it useless. Atomic radiation also pollutes the air and poses terrible health hazards. Radioactive pollutants are most dangerous as they affect human chromosomes and bring about permanent hereditary disorders. Unplanned growth of cities brings about more and more slums where dirt, disease and death breed. The tragedy in Bhopal which took the toll of thousands of innocent people killed by toxic - methyl - Isocyanate gas leaked into the air from Union Carbide’s chemical plant, is a fearful reminder of how dangerous air pollution can be. Among our cities, which are getting dangerously polluted each day, may be mentioned Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Kolkata, Chennai, Delhi and Rajkot. These cities are on the brink of total ecological disaster if pollution is not ruthlessly checked.

            Pollution poisons the air and harms the ozone layer of the earth which protects us from the radiation of the sun. If the ozone layer is destroyed, mankind will perish through the harmful radiation of the sun.

            We must take immediate and effective steps to fight pollution. We must reduce vehicular and factory smoke. We must shift industries from the cities, we must find some efficient system for the quick disposal of garbage. We must stop the dumping of chemical wastes into our rivers, lakes and seas. We must grow more trees, protect our forests, and have more gardens and open spaces. People should be more concerned about the continuing pollution of the environment. The sooner effective steps are taken the better it will be for mankind.

A journey by train

A journey by train Essay for School Students. 

The house in which I lived before was near the railway station. Trains used to pass by at regular intervals and I had become so familiar with their sound and sight that I took little interest in them. It never occurred to me that I might make a journey by train some day. However, when my father decided to take up a new appointment in the place where we now live, it was decided that we should travel by train. It was only then that I discovered how pleasant a journey by train might be.

My father, mother and I boarded a train one afternoon. As the train moved out of the station, I began to think of the days I had spent in our old house which I could still see from the train. But soon the house went out of sight, and I began to think of my journey itself.

The train was now moving quite fast. The first thing that impressed me was the beauty of the landscape. There were green valleys. Tropical plants could be seen everywhere. In certain places there was tall grass. All this reminded me of the geography lessons I had in the class room. Several palm-oil and rubber plantations could be seen now and then. Sometimes I saw a few houses here and there. I also saw many vegetable gardens at several places.

The train stopped at many stations, and soon it became dark. But sometime later the moon appeared and the landscape looked romantic. As I looked outside, I felt a thrill of admiration for the great artistry of nature.

Inside the train, too, everything was interesting. Some restless passengers moved about aimlessly and their restlessness was amusing. Some were sleeping with their mouths wide open, into which some mosquitoes blundered. Others were reading magazines and newspapers. Occasionally, the ticket-checker passed by. At one corner I saw two policemen keeping a close watch on a man who was hand-cuffed.

At every station a few passengers alighted from the train while a few boarded it. Whenever the train stopped at a big station, I saw a large number of people on the platforms, smartly dressed, and often smiling. As the train moved out, many waved their hands and the passengers too waved in response.

After we had passed several stations, I felt sleepy and closed my eyes. When I opened them, I saw the dim light of the dawn. I looked outside and saw the mist-covered plants. The air was fresh, and some birds were flying about. The scene looked extremely beautiful and I was lost in admiration of it. But we soon arrived at our destination and my enjoyment came to an end.

A visit to a famous city

A few months ago my father and I visited Singapore, one of the most famous cities in Asia.

Singapore, a small island, lies at the southern end of West Malaysia. A long and narrow piece of land joins Singapore with Johor Bahru, the southern-most town of West Malaysia. Singapore is now an independent state.

The city of Singapore is extremely beautiful. It is well known for its centres of business and other activities. There are many places of interest such as the Tiger Balm Garden, the Botanical Gardens and Raffles Museum. There are also many important centers of learning such as the University of Singapore, Science Centre, the Nanyang University, and the Polytechnic. Being a famous city, hundreds of people come everyday from various parts of the world to do business or to enjoy the sights of the city. Singapore therefore has large and beautiful airports and its harbours are full of ships.

There are many night schools where people who cannot go to the day schools for some reason or other can continue their studies. And, the government of Singapore is still doing its best to make further improvements in the city for the benefit of the people.

During my stay in Singapore, I went out everyday with my father to see the beautiful and interesting places and things in the city. One day we went to the Tiger Balm Garden where I saw several statues of people, animals and other strange creatures beautifully made and kept. The sea near this garden makes it a pleasant place to visit. We spent almost half of the day at this place.

Another day we visited the museum where I saw hundreds of curious things preserved for scholars and others. It was indeed an education to see all those things. There is so much to learn here that every visit by any person is sure to add to his knowledge.

I also visited some of the harbors and saw the large ships anchored there. The sight of the ships aroused a desire in me to cross the oceans and go round the world. I was indeed deeply impressed by activities at the harbor.

Then every night, I went round the town and visited some of the parks and other places of interest. The numerous lights and the constant stream of traffic kept the city alive. I visited a few of the cinemas as well. In short, I enjoyed every moment of my stay in this famous city of Singapore.

Advantages and disadvantages of money (New)

Advantages and disadvantages of money

Everybody knows the value of money. Nothing is more powerful than money.

In fact, if we have no money, we cannot buy goods, clothes and other necessaries we need. Without money, we cannot go to the movies, theatres or other amusement places.

How can we spend our free time pleasantly on rainy evenings without a colour television in front of us? Music from a new hi-fi can relax us quickly after a hard day of work. But how can we satisfy our needs, our desires and our pleasures when we cannot afford to buy them?

Thanks to money we can improve our spiritual activities easily. We can go to any schools; any universities we like to further our knowledge. If our parents are wealthy and powerful we may be sent abroad to study. Moreover, we can enjoy pure happiness by contributing our money to Charity funds to help the poor, the wretched and the victims of other disasters.

But money not only brings us the good but the bad as well. This accounts for much of the wickedness in the world. The rich often depend on it to oppress the poor and millionaires sometimes treat their servants with great cruelty. Many young people, being purse proud of their parent’s wealth and richness, neglect their school activities, always play truant and indulge themselves in alcohol, gambling and debaucheries. They often commit suicide after playing ducks and drakes with all their parents’ fortune. Money, in this way, is the root of all evils.

To sum up, happiness does not depend on the quantity of money but on the way we use it. We should use our money properly. The right use of money may bring us a comfortable life and a cheerful heart.

TENSE

Grammar Lesson: Comprehensive Guide to All 12 English Tenses

Welcome to this extensive grammar guide! Understanding tenses is crucial for mastering English. This lesson covers all 12 tenses—Past, Present, and Future—in their Simple, Continuous (Progressive), Perfect, and Perfect Continuous forms. Below you will find over 100 examples to completely understand how to structure and use every tense.

1. Present Simple Tense

Usage: Habits, general truths, unchanged situations, and fixed arrangements. (Subject + V1 + s/es)

1. Original: The sun rises in the east.

Explanation: Expresses a universal fact.

2. Original: She drinks coffee every morning.

Explanation: Expresses a daily habit or routine.

3. Original: Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.

Explanation: Expresses a scientific fact.

4. Original: I live in New York.

Explanation: States a permanent or long-term situation.

5. Original: The train leaves at 6 PM.

Explanation: Expresses a scheduled future event.

6. Original: Cats hate cold water.

Explanation: Expresses a general truth or characteristic.

7. Original: He works as a software engineer.

Explanation: States an occupation or unchanging state.

8. Original: We play tennis on weekends.

Explanation: Shows a repeating action or hobby.

9. Original: Earth revolves around the sun.

Explanation: States a physical law of nature.

2. Present Continuous Tense

Usage: Actions happening right now, temporary situations, or near future plans. (Subject + is/am/are + V-ing)

10. Original: I am typing an email right now.

Explanation: Action occurring at the exact moment of speaking.

11. Original: She is studying for her exams this week.

Explanation: A temporary action happening around the present time.

12. Original: They are meeting us for dinner tonight.

Explanation: A fixed arrangement in the near future.

13. Original: Look! The dog is running away.

Explanation: An action observed in real-time.

14. Original: He is constantly complaining about the weather.

Explanation: Expresses annoyance at an ongoing, repeating habit.

15. Original: We are learning Spanish this semester.

Explanation: An ongoing process that is temporary.

16. Original: The climate is getting warmer every year.

Explanation: Describes a changing or developing situation.

17. Original: I am currently staying with my aunt.

Explanation: A temporary living arrangement.

18. Original: Are you listening to me?

Explanation: Asking about an action happening right now.

3. Present Perfect Tense

Usage: Actions completed in the past that have a result or connection to the present. (Subject + has/have + V3)

19. Original: I have lost my keys.

Explanation: A past action with a present result (I don't have my keys now).

20. Original: She has visited Paris three times.

Explanation: Life experience up to the present moment.

21. Original: We have just finished our lunch.

Explanation: An action completed very recently.

22. Original: He has lived here since 2010.

Explanation: Action started in the past and continues to the present.

23. Original: They have already seen this movie.

Explanation: An action completed at an unspecified time before now.

24. Original: I have never eaten sushi.

Explanation: Describes a lack of experience up to now.

25. Original: The company has grown significantly this year.

Explanation: Accomplishments over an unfinished time period (this year).

26. Original: Have you finished the report yet?

Explanation: Inquiring about completion relevant to the present.

27. Original: She has broken her arm.

Explanation: Past event with highly visible present consequence (the arm is currently in a cast).

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage: Actions that started in the past and are still continuing, emphasizing duration. (Subject + has/have + been + V-ing)

28. Original: I have been waiting for two hours.

Explanation: Emphasizes the length of time an action has been happening up to now.

29. Original: It has been raining since morning.

Explanation: Action started in the past and is still actively happening.

30. Original: She has been working here for five years.

Explanation: Indicates duration of an ongoing state.

31. Original: You look tired; have you been running?

Explanation: A recently stopped action that leaves visible evidence in the present.

32. Original: They have been talking on the phone all day.

Explanation: Highlights an uninterrupted continuous activity.

33. Original: He has been feeling unwell lately.

Explanation: Expresses a recurring feeling or state over a recent period.

34. Original: We have been trying to reach you since yesterday.

Explanation: An ongoing effort spanning from past to present.

35. Original: The kids have been playing outside all afternoon.

Explanation: Focuses on the continuous nature of the children's activity.

36. Original: I have been practicing the guitar for months.

Explanation: A habit that has been building over time up to now.

5. Past Simple Tense

Usage: Completed actions that happened at a specific time in the past. (Subject + V2)

37. Original: I visited my grandmother yesterday.

Explanation: A completed action at a definite time in the past.

38. Original: We watched a movie last night.

Explanation: Past completed event.

39. Original: She lived in Japan for three years.

Explanation: A past duration that is now finished (she no longer lives there).

40. Original: They discovered the treasure in 1995.

Explanation: A single historical event.

41. Original: He walked in, took off his coat, and sat down.

Explanation: A sequence of completed past actions.

42. Original: I didn't see him at the party.

Explanation: Negative past simple (did not + base verb).

43. Original: Did you finish the assignment?

Explanation: Question form in the past simple.

44. Original: The Roman Empire fell centuries ago.

Explanation: Action completed deep in the past.

45. Original: I played football when I was a child.

Explanation: A past habit that is no longer true.

6. Past Continuous Tense

Usage: Actions that were ongoing at a specific moment in the past, or interrupted actions. (Subject + was/were + V-ing)

46. Original: I was reading a book when the phone rang.

Explanation: An ongoing action (reading) interrupted by a sudden action (rang).

47. Original: They were sleeping at midnight.

Explanation: An action in progress at a specific past time.

48. Original: While I was cooking, he was setting the table.

Explanation: Two ongoing actions happening simultaneously in the past.

49. Original: The sun was shining and the birds were singing.

Explanation: Setting the background scene for a story.

50. Original: He was always interrupting me during meetings.

Explanation: An annoying past habit.

51. Original: We were waiting for the bus when it started to rain.

Explanation: A longer action interrupted by a shorter one.

52. Original: She was working on her project all night.

Explanation: Emphasizes the duration of a past activity.

53. Original: They weren't paying attention to the teacher.

Explanation: Negative past continuous indicating lack of action during a past period.

54. Original: What were you doing at 8 PM?

Explanation: Questioning an ongoing action at a specific past time.

7. Past Perfect Tense

Usage: An action that was completed before another action or time in the past. (Subject + had + V3)

55. Original: When we arrived at the station, the train had left.

Explanation: The train leaving happened *before* arriving.

56. Original: She had finished her homework before her friends called.

Explanation: Completing homework was the earlier past action.

57. Original: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Hawaii.

Explanation: A lack of experience up to a specific point in the past.

58. Original: He failed the test because he had not studied.

Explanation: A past cause for a past result.

59. Original: By the time we got to the theater, the movie had already started.

Explanation: Clarifies the sequence of events (movie started first).

60. Original: I realized I had left my wallet at home.

Explanation: Leaving the wallet happened before the realization.

61. Original: They had lived in the house for ten years before they sold it.

Explanation: Duration of an action before another past action.

62. Original: Had you eaten before you arrived?

Explanation: Questioning if an action occurred prior to another past event.

63. Original: She was tired because she had worked all day.

Explanation: Identifies the reason for a past condition.

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage: An ongoing action in the past that continued up to another point in the past. (Subject + had + been + V-ing)

64. Original: They had been talking for over an hour before he arrived.

Explanation: A continuous action leading up to a specific past moment.

65. Original: She was exhausted because she had been running.

Explanation: A continuous past action causing a visible past result.

66. Original: I had been studying English for five years before I moved to London.

Explanation: Duration of a process up to a point in the past.

67. Original: The ground was wet because it had been raining.

Explanation: Evidence of an activity that stopped just before a past moment.

68. Original: We had been waiting there for two hours before they finally showed up.

Explanation: Highlights the duration of waiting prior to another action.

69. Original: He had been trying to fix the car all morning before he gave up.

Explanation: An ongoing effort that ultimately concluded in the past.

70. Original: Had you been waiting long before the train arrived?

Explanation: Questioning the duration of a continuous action before a past event.

71. Original: The machine had been making a strange noise before it broke down completely.

Explanation: An ongoing issue leading up to a specific failure.

72. Original: They had been playing video games for hours when their mom told them to stop.

Explanation: Action abruptly interrupted after a long duration.

9. Future Simple Tense

Usage: Predictions, promises, sudden decisions, or offers. (Subject + will/shall + V1)

73. Original: I will call you tomorrow.

Explanation: A promise for the future.

74. Original: It will rain later today.

Explanation: A prediction without immediate physical evidence.

75. Original: The phone is ringing; I will answer it.

Explanation: A spontaneous, on-the-spot decision.

76. Original: She will pass her exam.

Explanation: A future expectation or belief.

77. Original: I will help you with those heavy bags.

Explanation: Making an offer to assist.

78. Original: They won't win this match.

Explanation: A negative prediction about the future.

79. Original: Will you marry me?

Explanation: Asking for someone's willingness (a proposal).

80. Original: We shall overcome this difficulty.

Explanation: Formal commitment or certainty regarding the future (using 'shall').

81. Original: I will never forget what you did for me.

Explanation: A strong promise or determination.

10. Future Continuous Tense

Usage: Actions that will be in progress at a specific time in the future. (Subject + will be + V-ing)

82. Original: This time tomorrow, I will be flying to Paris.

Explanation: An action that will be mid-progress at a specific future moment.

83. Original: They will be having dinner when we arrive.

Explanation: A future action interrupted or intercepted by another event.

84. Original: I will be waiting for you at the station.

Explanation: An ongoing action planned for the future.

85. Original: She will be working late tonight.

Explanation: An extended activity expected in the future.

86. Original: Will you be using the car later?

Explanation: Politely inquiring about someone's future plans.

87. Original: By next week, we will be relaxing on the beach.

Explanation: Anticipating a continuous, pleasant future situation.

88. Original: The band will be performing from 8 to 10 PM.

Explanation: An ongoing future action with defined start and end times.

89. Original: He won't be joining us for the trip.

Explanation: Stating a negative future arrangement.

90. Original: I will be watching the game when you call.

Explanation: Setting the scene for a future interaction.

11. Future Perfect Tense

Usage: Actions that will be finished before a specified point in the future. (Subject + will have + V3)

91. Original: By next year, I will have graduated.

Explanation: An action completed prior to a future deadline.

92. Original: She will have finished the report by 5 PM.

Explanation: Anticipating completion before a certain hour.

93. Original: They will have left before you get there.

Explanation: One future action completing before another future action happens.

94. Original: By the time we arrive, the concert will have started.

Explanation: Similar to past perfect, but projected into the future.

95. Original: I will have saved enough money by December.

Explanation: A target achieved by a specific future month.

96. Original: Will you have eaten by the time I pick you up?

Explanation: Questioning if an activity will be done before a future event.

97. Original: The mechanic will have repaired the car by tomorrow.

Explanation: A projected accomplishment by a given time.

98. Original: We won't have completed the project by Friday.

Explanation: Predicting an incomplete status at a future deadline.

99. Original: He will have learned Spanish by the time he visits Mexico.

Explanation: Acquiring a skill fully before a future trip.

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Usage: Emphasizes how long an ongoing action will have been happening up to a point in the future. (Subject + will have been + V-ing)

100. Original: By next month, I will have been working here for five years.

Explanation: Projects the duration of a continuous activity into the future.

101. Original: She will have been studying for three hours by the time you arrive.

Explanation: Highlights the length of an ongoing future action.

102. Original: By 2030, they will have been living in this city for a decade.

Explanation: Calculating total duration up to a far-future year.

103. Original: He will have been playing football for ten years when he turns twenty.

Explanation: A continuous hobby mapped to a future milestone.

104. Original: When the train arrives, we will have been waiting for an hour.

Explanation: Emphasizes the duration of frustration or patience.

105. Original: By the time the marathon ends, they will have been running for four hours.

Explanation: Total physical exertion time projected at finish.

106. Original: Will you have been teaching for 20 years by the time you retire?

Explanation: Asking about a career's total duration at retirement point.

107. Original: We will have been traveling for two days by the time we reach the destination.

Explanation: Anticipating the fatigue of a long continuous journey.

108. Original: Next December, they will have been married for 25 years.

Explanation: Celebrating a milestone duration in the future.

Advantages and disadvantages of television

Advantages and disadvantages of television

Nowadays many people all over the world spent most of their free time watching television; but since its appearance, television has brought to man many advantages as well as disadvantages.

First, television plays an important role in our daily activities: it keeps us informed of all current affairs in the world. Events through television are more vivid than those through books andmagazines.

Second, television helps us enrich our spiritual lives. Our knowledge is broadened in many ways. Through language teaching programs, we can learn the language we like such as: English, French, German, Chinese, Japanese and so on. We can become skilful and clever at doing jobs, making cakes or arranging flowers through practical courses taught on television.

Finally, television is a source of recreation. Humorous stories and funny films bring us minutes of relaxation after a hard day’s work. For me, sitting comfortably in an arm-chair to watch an international football match on television is more interesting than having to queue for tickets at a crowded stadium.

Apart from its advantages, however, television also brings lots of disadvantages to viewers too.

First, television viewers gradually become passive in their action. Television may be a splendid media of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other or with the outer world. The world seen through television is only the restricted one: It separates us from the real world.

Second, television, with its fascinating power, makes people of all ages sink into oblivion: whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly. Pupils and students are so absorbed in television that they neglect their school activities. Food is left uneaten, homework undone and lessons unprepared. Housewives are so keen on watching television that they neglect their duties toward their husbands and their children. Instead of watching television, we may use the time for a realfamily hour. Without the distraction of television, we may sit around together after dinner and actually talk to one another to know and like each other better.

Finally, the evil influence of television on the young generation is inevitable; it encourages them to commit crimes. Spectacles of sadism and violence on television lead them to robbery, theft, rape and murder.

In a nutshell, television is useful to us when we know how to use it: Be careful not to overindulge ourselves in it and use it in a discerning manner.

Posted by OMTEX CLASSES at 7:14 AM 

Labels: ESSAY