10th Standard Social Science - 2nd Mid Term Exam 2024 Solutions | Virudhunagar District
Complete Solutions
I. Choose the best answer: (6×1=6)
1) Who issued the Tiruchirappalli proclamation of Independence?
a) Marudhu brother
2) Who set up the first Home Rule League in April 1916?
d) Tilak
3) Which among the following was declared as Independence Day?
a) 26th January 1930
4) Which of the following passes is not located in the Western Ghats of TamilNadu?
c) Bhorghat (Bhorghat is in Maharashtra)
5) The major hydro-electric power project of TamilNadu is _____.
a) Mettur
6) How many countries share its border with India?
c) 7
II. Fill in the blanks: (4×1=4)
7) __________ was appointed the first Indian Judge of the Madras Highcourt.
T. Muthuswami
8) Agriculture of Tamil Nadu constitutes _________ % of the economy.
21
9) India's gateway to South East Asia is __________.
Myanmar
10) __________ is levied by government for the development of the states economy.
Tax
III. Answer any 6 questions: [Q.No. 18 is compulsory] (6×2=12)
11) Identify the Palayams based on the devision of east and west.
- Eastern Palayams: Sathur, Nagalapuram, Ettayapuram, and Panchalamkurichi.
- Western Palayams: Uthumalai, Thalavankottai, Naduvakurichi, Singampatti, and Seithur.
12) Name the territories annexed by the British under the Dectrine of Lapse.
The territories annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse were:
- Satara (1848)
- Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849)
- Baghat (1850)
- Udaipur (1852)
- Jhansi (1853)
- Nagpur (1854)
13) Describe the Jallianwalabagh Massacre.
On April 13, 1919, a large peaceful crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of their leaders. General Dyer, a British officer, blocked the only exit and ordered his troops to open fire on the unarmed gathering. The firing lasted for about 10 minutes, killing hundreds and wounding thousands, making it one of the most tragic events in India's freedom struggle.
14) What is 'Teri'?
'Teri' are the red sand dunes found in the southern districts of Tamil Nadu, particularly in Thoothukudi and Ramanathapuram. They are formed by aeolian (wind) processes.
15) Name the important multipurpose projects of TamilNadu.
Important multipurpose projects in Tamil Nadu include:
- Mettur Dam (Stanley Reservoir)
- Bhavanisagar Dam
- Amaravathi Dam
- Sathanur Dam
- Vaigai Dam
16) List out the member countries of SAARC.
The member countries of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) are:
- Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.
17) What is meant by an industrial cluster?
An industrial cluster is a geographical concentration of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, and associated institutions in a particular field. They are located close to one another, which promotes competition, collaboration, and innovation.
18) What is black money? Write the causes of black money.
Black Money:
Black money is income that is illegally obtained or not declared for tax purposes. It is unaccounted money on which tax has not been paid to the government.
Causes of Black Money:
- High rates of taxation that encourage evasion.
- Shortage of goods and control over distribution.
- Corruption among government officials.
- Illegal activities like smuggling, bribery, and trafficking.
- Loopholes in the tax laws.
IV. Brief answer: (any 2) (2×5=10)
19) Discuss the causes of the Revolt of 1857.
The causes of the Revolt of 1857 were multifaceted:
- Political Causes: The policy of annexation through the 'Doctrine of Lapse' and 'Subsidiary Alliance' created discontent among Indian rulers. The annexation of Awadh on grounds of misgovernance was widely resented.
- Economic Causes: The British economic policies ruined Indian trade and industries. Heavy taxation, the new land revenue system, and the drain of wealth from India impoverished the people.
- Socio-Religious Causes: British interference in Indian social customs like the abolition of Sati and support for widow remarriage, along with the activities of Christian missionaries, created fear that their religions were in danger.
- Military Causes: Indian sepoys were paid less than their European counterparts and had no chances of promotion. The General Service Enlistment Act of 1856 required them to serve overseas, which was against the religious beliefs of some Hindus.
- Immediate Cause: The introduction of the new Enfield Rifle, whose cartridges were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. The sepoys had to bite off the ends of the cartridges before loading them. This angered both Hindu and Muslim soldiers and sparked the revolt.
20) Distinguish between the following:
i) Thamirabarani and Cauvery
| Feature | Thamirabarani | Cauvery |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Pothigai hills in the Western Ghats. | Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri hills, Karnataka. |
| Nature | Perennial river; flows entirely within Tamil Nadu. | Interstate river flowing through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. |
| Drainage | Drains into the Gulf of Mannar. | Drains into the Bay of Bengal. |
ii) Food crops and Non-food crops
| Food Crops | Non-food Crops (Cash Crops) |
|---|---|
| Crops grown primarily for human consumption. | Crops grown for commercial purposes to be sold for profit, not for direct consumption by the farmer. |
| Examples: Rice, wheat, millets, maize, pulses. | Examples: Cotton, sugarcane, jute, tobacco, oilseeds. |
Give reason: Eastern Ghats are not a continuous range.
The Eastern Ghats are not a continuous range because they have been dissected and eroded by the large, powerful east-flowing rivers that originate in the Western Ghats. Rivers like the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery have carved out wide valleys and gaps, breaking the mountain chain into discontinuous low hills.
21) Describe the nature of the plateau region of Tamil Nadu.
The plateau region of Tamil Nadu lies between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats.
- It covers an area of about 60,000 sq. km and is roughly triangular in shape.
- Its elevation increases from east to west, generally ranging from 150 to 600 metres.
- The region is broader in the north and narrows down towards the south, forming the Nilgiri hills.
- It is divided into two main parts: the Baramahal Plateau in the north (part of the Mysore Plateau) and the Coimbatore Plateau in the west.
- The Baramahal plateau includes Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts. The Coimbatore plateau is located between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts, with an elevation varying from 150m to 450m.
22) Explain some direct and indirect taxes.
Taxes are compulsory payments made to the government. They are broadly classified into direct and indirect taxes.
Direct Taxes:
A direct tax is paid directly by an individual or organization to the government. The burden of this tax cannot be shifted to others.
- Income Tax: Levied on the annual income of an individual.
- Corporate Tax: Levied on the profits of companies and corporations.
- Wealth Tax: Imposed on the net worth of an individual, company or Hindu Undivided Family.
Indirect Taxes:
An indirect tax is levied on goods and services rather than on income or profits. Its burden can be shifted from one person to another. The final consumer ultimately bears the tax.
- Goods and Services Tax (GST): A comprehensive tax levied on the supply of goods and services across India.
- Customs Duty: A tax imposed on goods when they are transported across international borders (imports and exports).
V. Time line: (1×5=5)
23) Write any five important India National events between 1930 - 1950.
- 1930 - Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha)
- 1931 - Gandhi-Irwin Pact
- 1935 - Government of India Act passed
- 1942 - Quit India Movement
- 1947 - India attained Independence
- 1950 - The Constitution of India came into force
VI. Answer in detail: (1×8=8)
24) Account for the outbreak of Vellore Revolt in 1806.
The Vellore Revolt of 1806 was an early instance of a large-scale and violent mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company.
Causes of the Revolt:
- Strict Discipline and New Regulations: The British enforced new military regulations that were seen as insensitive to the religious beliefs and customs of the Indian soldiers. They were prohibited from wearing religious marks on their foreheads and were ordered to shave their beards and trim their moustaches in a uniform manner.
- The New Turban (Immediate Cause): The most significant cause was the introduction of a new turban, known as the 'Agnew's Turban'. It had a leather cockade made from cowhide and pigskin. This was deeply offensive to both Hindu sepoys, who revered the cow, and Muslim sepoys, for whom the pig was unclean. This was seen as a deliberate attempt to convert them to Christianity.
- Presence of Tipu's Family: After the fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Tipu Sultan's sons and family were imprisoned in the Vellore Fort. Their presence and the efforts of their agents to instigate a revolt against the British played a crucial role in planning the uprising.
Course of the Revolt:
- On 10th July 1806, in the early hours of the morning, the Indian sepoys of the 1st and 23rd Regiments mutinied.
- They attacked the European barracks, killing 14 British officers and 115 soldiers of the 69th Regiment.
- The rebels hoisted the flag of the Mysore Sultanate over the fort and declared Tipu Sultan's son, Fateh Hyder, as their new ruler.
Suppression of the Revolt:
- The revolt was brutally crushed by Colonel Gillespie, who arrived from Arcot with a strong force.
- Around 800 Indian soldiers were killed in the fighting or executed afterward. The revolt was suppressed within a day.
- The sons of Tipu Sultan were sent to Calcutta, and the British commander-in-chief and the governor were recalled to England.
(OR)
Write an account on river Cauvery.
The river Cauvery is one of the major rivers of South India, often referred to as 'Dakshina Ganga' or the 'Ganges of the South'.
Origin and Course:
- The river Cauvery originates at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri Hills of the Western Ghats, located in the Kodagu district of Karnataka.
- Its total length is about 805 km.
- It flows in a southeasterly direction through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, before draining into the Bay of Bengal.
Cauvery in Tamil Nadu:
- The river enters Tamil Nadu at Hogenakkal in the Dharmapuri district, where it creates spectacular waterfalls.
- The Mettur Dam, also called the Stanley Reservoir, is a major dam built across the Cauvery in Salem district. It is a vital source of irrigation and hydro-electric power for the state.
- From Mettur, the river flows through the plains of central Tamil Nadu. In the Tiruchirappalli district, at the Upper Anicut, the river branches into two parts: the northern branch is called the Kollidam (Coleroon), and the southern branch retains the name Cauvery.
- The region between these two branches forms the fertile delta of the Cauvery.
The Cauvery Delta:
- The Cauvery delta is one of the most fertile regions in India, known as the "Granary of South India".
- It covers districts like Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, and parts of Cuddalore and Tiruchirappalli. The deltaic region is a dense network of distributaries.
- The river finally empties into the Bay of Bengal near Poompuhar.
Tributaries in Tamil Nadu:
- The main tributaries that join the Cauvery in Tamil Nadu are Bhavani, Noyyal, and Amaravati.
VII. Mark the following places on the Tamil Nadu map: (5×1=5)
25) i) Western Ghats, ii) Eastern Ghats, iii) Vaigai, iv) Cauvery, v) Point of Calimere.
(Note: Since a map cannot be drawn here, the locations are described for identification purposes on an outline map of Tamil Nadu.)
- i) Western Ghats: Mark the continuous mountain range running along the entire western border of Tamil Nadu, from the Nilgiris in the north to Kanyakumari in the south.
- ii) Eastern Ghats: Mark the discontinuous range of hills (like Javadhu, Shevaroy, Kalvarayan hills) located in the northern and central parts of the state, to the east of the Western Ghats.
- iii) Vaigai River: Draw a river originating from the Varusanadu Hills (Western Ghats) in the south-west, flowing eastwards through Madurai city, and ending near the Palk Strait coast in Ramanathapuram district.
- iv) Cauvery River: Draw a major river entering Tamil Nadu from Karnataka in the Dharmapuri district (at Hogenakkal), flowing southeast through Salem (Mettur Dam), Erode, Tiruchirappalli, and then branching out to form a large delta in the Thanjavur region before reaching the Bay of Bengal.
- v) Point of Calimere: Mark the low headland on the Coromandel Coast, located at the southeastern tip of the Cauvery delta in the Nagapattinam district. It juts out into the Palk Strait.