10th Social Science Second Mid Term Exam 2024 - Solutions
District: Ariyalur | Standard: 10 | Subject: Social Science
PART - I (7x1=7)
Note: i) Answer all the Questions. ii) Choose the most appropriate answer from the given four alternatives and write the option code and the corresponding Answer.
1. Who was the first Palayakkarara to resist the East India Company's policy of territorial aggrandizenment?
a) Marudhu brothers
b) Puli Thevar
c) velunachiyar
d) Veerapandya Kattabomman
Answer: b) Puli Thevar
2. Where were the sons of Tipu Sultan after the Vellore Revolt?
a) Calcutta
b) Mumbai
c) Delhi
d) Mysore
Answer: a) Calcutta
3. Who declared that 'Land belongs to God' and collecting rent or tax on it was against divine law?
a) Titu Mir
b) Sidhu
c) Dudu Mian
d) Shariatullah
Answer: c) Dudu Mian
4. The district with largest mangrove forest cover in Tamil Nadu is
a) Ramanathapuram
b) Nagapattinam
c) Cuddalore
d) Theni
Answer: c) Cuddalore (The Pichavaram mangrove forest is located here).
5. Retreating monsoon wind picks up moisture from
a) Arabian sea
b) Bay of Bengal
c) Indian Ocean
d) Timor sea
Answer: b) Bay of Bengal
6. Apartheid is
i) An international association
ii) Energy diplomacy
iii) A policy of racial discrimination
iv) None of these
Answer: iii) A policy of racial discrimination
7. Income tax was introduced in india for the first time in the year_______.
a) 1860
b) 1870
c) 1880
d) 1850
Answer: a) 1860
PART - II (5x2=10)
Note: Answer any 5 questions.
8. What was the significance of the Battle of Kalakadu?
The Battle of Kalakadu was significant because it was one of the earliest instances of a native ruler defeating the forces allied with the British. Mahfuz Khan, the brother of the Nawab of Arcot, was sent by the Company to suppress Puli Thevar. In the battle, Mahfuz Khan's army was defeated by Puli Thevar's forces. This victory boosted the morale of the Palayakkarars and established Puli Thevar as a formidable opponent to the British and their allies.
9. Name the territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.
The territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse were:
- Satara (1848)
- Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849)
- Baghat (1850)
- Udaipur (1852)
- Jhansi (1853)
- Nagpur (1854)
10. Highlight the objectives of Home Rule Movement.
The main objectives of the Home Rule Movement were:
- To attain self-government for India within the British Empire (dominion status).
- To promote political education and public awareness to arouse a sense of national pride among the people.
- To build confidence among Indians to speak against the government's suppression.
- To demand a greater political representation for Indians in the governance of their own country.
11. State the boundaries of Tamil Nadu.
The boundaries of Tamil Nadu are:
- East: Bay of Bengal
- West: Kerala
- North: Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
- South: Indian Ocean
12. Define: Disaster Risk Reduction.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters. It involves reducing exposure to hazards, lessening the vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improving preparedness for adverse events.
13. List out the member countries of SAARC.
The member countries of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) are:
- Afghanistan
- Bangladesh
- Bhutan
- India
- Maldives
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
14. Define Tax.
A tax is a compulsory financial contribution levied by a government on an individual's or a company's income, profits, or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions. The revenue generated from taxes is used to fund government activities, public works, and services like infrastructure, healthcare, and education.
PART - III (5x5=25)
Note: Answer any 5 questions. Question No 21 is Compulsory.
15. Fill in the Blanks.
i) Fateh Hyder was declared the new Sultan by the rebels in Vellore Fort.
ii) The Rebellion of Marudhu Brothers was categorized in the British records as the Second Palayakkarar War.
iii) The plateau which lies between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts is Coimbatore Plateau.
iv) Non-Alignment was India's policy in the face of the bipolar order of the cold war.
v) The origin of the word 'tax' is from the word taxation/taxo (Latin).
16. Discuss the causes of the Revolt of 1857.
The Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence, was a result of accumulated grievances. The main causes were:
- Political Causes: The British policy of annexation, particularly Lord Dalhousie's 'Doctrine of Lapse', caused resentment among Indian rulers. The annexation of Awadh on grounds of misgovernance angered the people and the sepoys, many of whom came from there.
- Economic Causes: The British policies destroyed traditional Indian industries and drained wealth from India. Heavy taxation, the new revenue system, and loss of land led to widespread poverty and peasant discontent.
- Socio-Religious Causes: The British were seen as interfering with Indian social and religious customs. The abolition of Sati, support for widow remarriage, and the activities of Christian missionaries created fear that the British were trying to convert Indians to Christianity.
- Military Causes: Indian sepoys were racially discriminated against, paid less than their British counterparts, and had limited opportunities for promotion. The General Service Enlistment Act of 1856, which required sepoys to serve overseas, was against the religious beliefs of many Hindus.
- Immediate Cause: The introduction of the new Enfield rifle. The cartridges for this rifle were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. To load the rifle, sepoys had to bite off the end of the cartridge, which offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers and sparked the revolt.
17. Explain the distribution of soil types in Tamil Nadu.
Tamil Nadu has a variety of soil types distributed across different regions:
- Alluvial Soil: This is a fertile soil found mainly in the river valleys and coastal plains. It is rich in nutrients and ideal for agriculture. It is predominantly found in the districts of Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, and parts of Cuddalore.
- Black Soil: Formed from the weathering of igneous rocks, this soil is clayey and retains moisture well, making it suitable for cotton cultivation. It is found in districts like Coimbatore, Madurai, Virudhunagar, and Tirunelveli.
- Red Soil: This is the most widespread soil type in Tamil Nadu, covering almost two-thirds of the state. It is relatively less fertile and found in districts like Sivaganga, Ramanathapuram, Vellore, and Pudukkottai.
- Laterite Soil: Formed in regions with high temperature and rainfall, this soil is rich in iron and aluminum oxides. It is found in hilly areas like the Nilgiris, parts of Kanyakumari, and Dharmapuri.
- Saline and Alkaline Soil: These soils have a high concentration of salts and are found in coastal areas, particularly along the Vedaranyam coast, due to sea-water intrusion.
18. Discuss the core determinants of India's foreign policy?
India's foreign policy is shaped by several core determinants:
- Geographical Factors: India's vast size, long coastline, and strategic location in South Asia, bordering several countries, influence its security concerns and relationships with its neighbors.
- National Interest: The primary goal is to protect India's sovereignty, territorial integrity, and promote the economic well-being of its citizens. This includes ensuring energy security, access to markets, and technological advancements.
- Historical and Traditional Values: Principles like peace, non-violence (from Buddhism and Gandhian philosophy), and anti-colonialism have historically shaped India's approach to international relations.
- Political Ideals: The values of democracy, freedom, and the rule of law enshrined in the Indian Constitution are reflected in its foreign policy. The policy of Non-Alignment during the Cold War was a direct outcome of these ideals.
- Economic Development: As a developing nation, India's foreign policy is geared towards attracting foreign investment, technology, and promoting trade to accelerate its economic growth and eradicate poverty.
- International Context: The global political and economic environment, including the power dynamics between major countries, global terrorism, and climate change, significantly influences India's foreign policy decisions.
19. Explain some direct and indirect tax.
Taxes are broadly classified into two categories: Direct Tax and Indirect Tax.
Direct Tax:
A direct tax is paid directly by an individual or organization to the entity that levied it (e.g., the government). The burden of this tax cannot be shifted to others. The impact and incidence of the tax are on the same person.
- Income Tax: A tax levied on the annual income of an individual.
- Corporate Tax: A tax levied on the profits of a company.
- Wealth Tax / Property Tax: A tax levied on the value of property or wealth held by an individual or corporation.
Indirect Tax:
An indirect tax is a tax collected by an intermediary (like a retail store) from the person who bears the ultimate economic burden of the tax (the consumer). The burden can be shifted from one person to another.
- Goods and Services Tax (GST): A comprehensive tax levied on the supply of goods and services across India. It has replaced many other indirect taxes like VAT, Service Tax, and Excise Duty.
- Customs Duty: A tax imposed on goods when they are transported across international borders (imports and exports).
- Stamp Duty: A tax levied on legal documents, usually in the transfer of assets or property.
20. Draw the Timeline for any five events from Indian on 1920-1950
- 1920: Non-Cooperation Movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi.
- 1922: Chauri Chaura incident, leading to the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
- 1930: Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) initiated the Civil Disobedience Movement.
- 1942: The Quit India Movement was launched, with the call for "Do or Die".
- 1947: India achieved independence from British rule on August 15.
- 1950: The Constitution of India came into effect, and India became a sovereign, socialist, secular, and democratic republic on January 26.
21. On the given India Map mark the following places
i) Delhi, ii) Allahabad, iii) Agra, iv) Jhansi, v) Bareilly
Description for Marking:
- i) Delhi: The national capital, located in the north-central part of India, enclosed by Uttar Pradesh and Haryana.
- ii) Allahabad (Prayagraj): A major city in Uttar Pradesh, located at the confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Sarasvati rivers.
- iii) Agra: A city in Uttar Pradesh, situated on the banks of the Yamuna river, southwest of Delhi.
- iv) Jhansi: A historic city in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh.
- v) Bareilly: A prominent city in western Uttar Pradesh.
PART - IV (8x1=8)
Note: Answer the following questions
22. a) Account for the outbreak of Vellore Revolt in 1806. (or)
The Vellore Revolt of 1806 was a major uprising by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company, predating the Revolt of 1857 by half a century. The causes for its outbreak were multifaceted:
- Grievances of the Sepoys: The Indian soldiers harbored deep resentment against the British due to low salaries, lack of promotion opportunities, and harsh discipline. They were treated as inferior to their British counterparts.
- Presence of Tipu Sultan's Family: After the fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Tipu Sultan's sons and their families were interned in the Vellore Fort. Their presence served as a rallying point for discontented soldiers and those loyal to the former Mysore rulers, who conspired to overthrow British rule.
- Immediate Cause - New Military Regulations: The most significant trigger was the introduction of new military regulations by the Commander-in-Chief, Sir John Craddock. These regulations, part of a new dress code, were seen as an attack on the religious and social customs of the sepoys:
- The New Turban: Sepoys were ordered to replace their traditional turbans with a new round hat, which included a leather cockade. This was despised as it resembled a European hat.
- Religious Marks and Facial Hair: They were forbidden from wearing religious marks (like caste marks) on their foreheads and were required to shave their beards and trim their moustaches in a uniform manner.
- Rumours about the Cockade: A rumour spread that the leather cockade was made from the skin of cows and pigs, which was deeply offensive to both Hindu and Muslim sepoys. This proved to be the final spark.
These factors combined to create an explosive situation, leading to the outbreak on 10th July 1806, when the sepoys attacked the British garrison, killed several officers, and hoisted the flag of the Mysore Sultanate over the fort.
b) Write an account on river Cauvery.
The Cauvery is one of the major rivers of peninsular India and is considered sacred by Hindus. It is often referred to as the 'Ganga of the South'.
- Origin and Course: The river originates at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri hills of the Western Ghats in the Kodagu district of Karnataka. It flows for a distance of about 800 km in a southeasterly direction through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu before draining into the Bay of Bengal.
- Tributaries: Its principal tributaries in Karnataka are Harangi, Hemavati, Kabini, and Suvarnavathi. In Tamil Nadu, important tributaries like Bhavani, Noyyal, and Amaravati join the main river.
- Features in Tamil Nadu: The Cauvery enters Tamil Nadu at Hogenakkal, where it creates spectacular waterfalls. The Mettur Dam, also known as the Stanley Reservoir, is a crucial dam built across the river in Salem district, which is used for irrigation and power generation.
- The Delta Region: After the Mettur dam, the river flows through the plains and forms a vast, fertile delta in central Tamil Nadu. This region, known as the "Granary of South India," is the most fertile part of the state. In the delta, the river splits into numerous distributaries, with the northern branch called the Coleroon (Kollidam) and the southern branch remaining as Cauvery.
- Significance: The Cauvery is the lifeline for agriculture and a primary source of drinking water for millions of people in both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Its waters are vital for the cultivation of rice, sugarcane, and other crops in the delta region. The sharing of its waters has been a source of a long-standing dispute between the two states.