10th Std Social Science Second Mid Term Exam 2024 - Solutions
OMTEX CLASSES
I. Choose the correct answer. 7 × 1 = 7
1. Where were the sons of the Tipu Sultan sent after the Vellore revolt?
2. Who set up the first Home rule league in April 1916?
3. Who was arrested during the anti Rowlatt protests in Amritsar?
4. Which one of the following river flow into the Arabian Sea?
5. A major hydro-electric power project of Tamilnadu is _________.
6. MC Mahon line is a border between _________.
7. Under which tax on nation one uniform tax is ensured?
II. Answer briefly (any six) 6 × 2 = 12
8. What was the significance of the battle of Kalakadu?
9. Name the territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of lapse.
- Satara (1848)
- Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849)
- Baghat (1850)
- Udaipur (1852)
- Jhansi (1853)
- Nagpur (1854)
10. The terms of the Poona pact.
- The principle of separate electorates for the 'Depressed Classes' (Scheduled Castes) was abandoned.
- Instead, the number of seats reserved for them in the provincial legislatures was increased from 71 to 147.
- A certain percentage of seats were also reserved for them in the Central Legislature.
11. During cyclone how does the Metrological department warn the fisherman?
- Radio and Television: Special weather bulletins are broadcasted through All India Radio and TV channels.
- Port Warning Signals: A system of flags and lights at ports indicates the severity of the weather.
- SMS Alerts: Warnings are sent directly to the mobile phones of registered fishermen.
- Mobile Apps & Websites: Real-time updates and warnings are provided through dedicated apps and official websites.
12. Name the important multipurpose projects of Tamilnadu.
- Mettur Dam (Stanley Reservoir)
- Bhavanisagar Dam
- Amaravathi Dam
- Sathanur Dam
- Vaigai Dam
- Mullaperiyar Dam
13. List any four guiding principles of Panchsheel.
- Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
- Mutual non-aggression.
- Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs.
- Equality and mutual benefit.
14. Name the neighbouring countries of India?
- North-West: Pakistan, Afghanistan
- North: China, Nepal, Bhutan
- East: Bangladesh, Myanmar
15. What is Progressive Tax?
16. Why are wages low in the agriculture sector?
- Surplus Labour: There are more agricultural workers than available jobs, which drives wages down.
- Seasonal Employment: Agricultural work is not available year-round, leading to periods of unemployment and low bargaining power for workers.
- Lack of Alternative Jobs: Limited non-farm job opportunities in rural areas force people to accept low wages.
- Low Productivity: Small landholdings and traditional farming methods result in low productivity and thus low capacity to pay higher wages.
III. Answer in detail (any four) 4 × 5 = 20
17. Account for the outbreak of Vellore revolt in 1806.
- Strict Discipline and New Regulations: The British enforced new, rigid military discipline that disregarded the customs of the Indian sepoys.
- The New Turban: The Commander-in-Chief, Sir John Craddock, introduced a new turban (agnihotri) with a leather cockade made of animal skin. This was offensive to both Hindu sepoys (as leather was unclean) and Muslim sepoys (if it was pigskin). The turban's design also resembled a European hat, which was seen as a symbol of converting to Christianity.
- Religious Insignia Ban: Sepoys were ordered not to wear caste marks (like tilak or vibhuti) on their foreheads, and were forced to shave their beards and trim their moustaches. These acts were seen as a direct attack on their religious and social practices.
- Presence of Tipu's Family: After the fall of Srirangapatna, Tipu Sultan's sons and family were interned in Vellore Fort. Their presence served as a rallying point for the discontented sepoys who hoped to restore their rule.
- The Outbreak: On 10th July 1806, the sepoys revolted, killing several British officers and soldiers. They hoisted the flag of the Mysore Sultanate over the fort and declared Tipu's son, Fateh Hyder, as their ruler. The revolt was brutally suppressed by Colonel Gillespie, but it exposed the deep resentment against British policies.
18. Critically examine the civil Disobedience movement as the typical example of Gandhian movement.
Features that make it a typical Gandhian movement:
- Satyagraha (Non-violence): The movement was founded on the principle of non-violent resistance. The Dandi March, where participants peacefully marched 240 miles to break the salt law, is a prime example. Despite police brutality, the protestors largely remained non-violent.
- Mass Participation: Gandhi believed in the power of the masses. The movement saw unprecedented participation from all sections of society, including peasants, workers, students, and a significant number of women, who came out of their homes to participate in marches and picketing.
- Symbolic Protests: The choice of salt as the central issue was a masterstroke. It was a commodity used by everyone, rich or poor, and the British tax on it symbolized colonial exploitation. Breaking the salt law was a simple yet powerful act of defiance.
- Boycotts and Non-Cooperation: The movement included boycotting foreign cloth, picketing liquor shops, and refusing to pay taxes (like the chaukidari tax), all hallmarks of Gandhian strategy.
- Limited Muslim Participation: Unlike the Non-Cooperation-Khilafat movement, Muslim participation was relatively low due to the growing influence of the Muslim League.
- Violence in some areas: Despite Gandhi's emphasis on non-violence, there were instances of violent clashes, such as in Peshawar and Sholapur.
- Suspension of the Movement: Gandhi's decision to call off the movement to attend the Second Round Table Conference (Gandhi-Irwin Pact) was criticized by many, as it seemed to break the momentum. The movement's revival later did not have the same intensity.
19. Plateau region of Tamilnadu.
- Baramahal Plateau: This is a part of the larger Mysore Plateau. It is located in the northwestern part of Tamil Nadu, covering areas of Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri districts. Its elevation ranges from 300 to 700 metres.
- Coimbatore Plateau: Situated between the Nilgiris and the Dharmapuri districts, this plateau is a major industrial and agricultural region. It covers the districts of Coimbatore, Tiruppur, and Erode. Its elevation varies from 150 to 450 metres. The Bhavani, Noyyal, and Amaravathi rivers drain this region.
- Madurai Plateau: This plateau is found in the south, extending up to the foothills of the Western Ghats. It mainly covers Madurai district and surrounding areas. The Vaigai and Tamiraparani river basins are part of this region.
20. A. Distinguish: i.) Marine fishing and Inland fishing. ii) Food crops and non food crops. B. Give reasons: Eastern ghats are not continuous range.
i) Marine fishing and Inland fishing
| Feature | Marine Fishing | Inland Fishing |
|---|---|---|
| Water Body | Done in seas and oceans (salt water). | Done in rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs (fresh water). |
| Scale | Often large-scale, using mechanized boats and trawlers. | Generally small-scale, using traditional methods. |
| Fish Types | Sardines, Mackerel, Tuna, Prawns. | Catla, Rohu, Mrigal (Carp varieties). |
ii) Food crops and Non-food crops
| Feature | Food Crops | Non-Food Crops (Cash Crops) |
|---|---|---|
| Purpose | Grown for human consumption as staple food. | Grown primarily for sale and to earn profit, not for direct consumption. |
| Examples | Rice, Wheat, Millets, Pulses. | Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Tobacco, Rubber. |
B. Give reasons: Eastern ghats are not continuous range.
The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous range of mountains because they have been eroded and dissected by several large, east-flowing rivers originating in the higher Western Ghats. These major rivers, such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri, have carved out broad valleys and deltas on their way to the Bay of Bengal, breaking the mountain range into several isolated hill masses.
21. Write detailed note on Non alignment.
- Origin: After World War II, the world was divided into two major power blocs: the capitalist bloc led by the USA and the communist bloc led by the USSR. Many newly independent countries of Asia and Africa wanted to stay independent of these military alliances and pursue their own foreign policies.
- Founders: The movement was largely the brainchild of leaders like India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Yugoslavia's Josip Broz Tito, Indonesia's Sukarno, and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah. The first NAM conference was held in Belgrade in 1961.
- Core Principles: The core idea of NAM is based on the five principles of Panchsheel. It advocates for the national independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity of states. It opposes colonialism, imperialism, racism, and any form of foreign aggression or domination.
- Role during Cold War: NAM played a crucial role in stabilizing the world during the Cold War. It provided a third platform for developing nations, reduced tensions between the two superpowers, and strongly advocated for nuclear disarmament and world peace.
- Relevance Today: Even after the end of the Cold War, NAM continues to be relevant. It focuses on contemporary issues like sustainable development, environmental protection, combating terrorism, and advocating for a more equitable international economic order.
22. Explain some direct and indirect taxes.
Direct Taxes: A direct tax is paid directly by an individual or organization to the entity that levied it (e.g., the government). The impact and incidence of the tax fall on the same person, meaning the burden cannot be shifted to others.
- Income Tax: It is levied on the income of individuals, Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs), and other non-corporate entities. It is a progressive tax, where the rate increases with income.
- Corporate Tax: This tax is levied on the profits of companies and corporations.
- Property Tax: It is levied by local municipal bodies on the value of property (land and buildings) owned by individuals or companies.
- Goods and Services Tax (GST): It is a comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition. It has replaced many indirect taxes like VAT, service tax, and excise duty. It is called 'One Nation, One Tax'.
- Customs Duty: This tax is levied on goods imported into a country from abroad. Its purpose is to raise revenue and protect domestic industries.
- Excise Duty: It is a tax levied on the manufacture of certain goods within the country, such as petroleum and liquor.
IV. Answer the following question (any two). 2 × 3 = 6 & 5x1=5
23. Draw timeline of any three important events in India history from 1920 - 1940.
1920 - Launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule in India.
1930 - The Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) begins, marking the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
1935 - The Government of India Act is passed by the British Parliament, providing a framework for the governance of British India.
24. Mark the following places on the map of India: 1. Ambala 2. Barrackpore 3. Gwalior
Map of India - Marked Locations
1. Ambala: A city in the state of Haryana.
2. Barrackpore: A city in the state of West Bengal, near Kolkata.
3. Gwalior: A major city in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
25. Mark the following places in Tamilnadu: 1. Neelagiri hills 2. River Kaveri 3. Pulicat Lake 4. Manchester of South India 5. Mullaperiyar dam
Map of Tamil Nadu - Marked Locations
1. Neelagiri hills (Nilgiri Hills): A mountain range in the western part of Tamil Nadu.
2. River Kaveri: A major river flowing through the central and eastern parts of the state.
3. Pulicat Lake: A large saltwater lagoon on the border of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.
4. Manchester of South India (Coimbatore): A major city in the western part of Tamil Nadu, known for its textile industry.
5. Mullaperiyar dam: Located in Kerala but operated by Tamil Nadu, crucial for the southern districts.