10th Social Science - Quarterly Exam 2024
Tenkasi District | Common Quarterly Examination - 2024
Part - I | Choose the correct answer (14x1=14)
-
Who said "imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism"?
a) Lenin -
i) During World War I the primary task of Italy was to keep the Austrians occupied on the Southern Front
ii) The first huge market crash in the US occurred on 24 October 1929
iii) The ban on African National Congress was lifted in 1966a) (i) and (ii) are correct -
Where did the US drop its first atomic bomb?
c) Hiroshima -
When was the Warsaw Pact dissolved?
d) 1991 -
Who was the founder of Widow Remarriage Association?
a) Mahadev Govind Ranade -
______ Plains are formed by the older alluviums.
c) Bhangar -
______ is the highest gravity dam in India.
b) Bhakra Nangal dam -
______ is a line joining the places of equal rainfall.
a) Isohyets -
The nucleus for the development of the Chotanagpur plateau region is ______.
b) Mineral Deposits -
In India the state with least density of population is ______.
d) Arunachal Pradesh -
Which one of the following States does not possess a bicameral legislature?
c) Tamil Nadu -
The authority to alter the boundaries of state in India rests with ______.
d) Parliament -
Foreign investment policy (FIP) announced in ______.
c) July - Aug 1991 -
______ was born in India paving way for self sufficiency in food grain production.
c) Green Revolution
Part - II | Answer any 10 questions (10x2=20)
Q.No. 28 is compulsory.
15) What were the three militant forms of nationalism in Europe?
The three militant forms of nationalism in Europe were:
- England's jingoism
- France's chauvinism
- Germany's kultur
16) Define "Dollar Imperialism".
Dollar Imperialism refers to the policy of the United States to dominate other countries not through direct military control, but through economic and financial means, such as providing loans and investments to exert influence and control over their economies and politics.
17) Describe the Pearl Harbour incident.
On December 7, 1941, Japan launched a surprise military strike against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. The attack destroyed many American battleships and aircraft, leading to the United States' formal entry into World War II the next day.
18) Write a note on Mao's Long March.
Mao's Long March (1934-1935) was a massive military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army. Mao Zedong established his leadership during this march, which covered over 9,000 kilometers and became a symbol of the Communist Party's strength and resilience.
19) List social evils eradicated by Brahmo Samaj.
The Brahmo Samaj, led by Raja Ram Mohan Roy, worked to eradicate social evils such as Sati, child marriage, polygamy, and the caste system. It also advocated for widow remarriage and women's education.
20) State the west flowing rivers of India.
The main west-flowing rivers of India are the Narmada and Tapti. Other smaller west-flowing rivers include Sabarmati, Mahi, and Periyar.
21) Write any five biosphere reserves in India.
Five biosphere reserves in India are:
- Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka)
- Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve (Tamil Nadu)
- Sunderbans Biosphere Reserve (West Bengal)
- Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve (Uttarakhand)
- Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (Madhya Pradesh)
22) Mention the plantation crops of India.
The main plantation crops of India are tea, coffee, rubber, and spices (like cardamom, pepper, and cloves). Coconut and areca nut are also considered plantation crops in some regions.
23) What are the main software centers of India?
The main software centers of India are located in cities like Bengaluru (often called the Silicon Valley of India), Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune, Mumbai, Gurugram (NCR), and Kolkata. These cities host major software technology parks and IT companies.
24) What is communication? What are its types?
Communication is the process of conveying information, ideas, feelings, and thoughts from one person or group to another. Its types are broadly classified into:
- Personal Communication: Exchange of information between individuals (e.g., letters, telephone, email).
- Mass Communication: Conveying information to a large audience simultaneously (e.g., newspapers, radio, television, internet).
25) What is the qualification of Judges of the Supreme court?
A person must meet the following qualifications to be a Judge of the Supreme Court:
- Must be a citizen of India.
- Should have been a Judge of a High Court for at least 5 years.
- OR should have been an advocate of a High Court for at least 10 years.
- OR should be a distinguished jurist in the opinion of the President.
26) What is meant by citizenship?
Citizenship is the legal status of a person in a particular country, granting them certain rights and privileges (like the right to vote and hold public office) and also imposing duties and responsibilities (like paying taxes and obeying laws). It is defined by the country's constitution and laws.
27) Define National income.
National income is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a specific period, usually one year. It measures the monetary value of the flow of output and is a key indicator of a country's economic health.
28) Write some name of the nutrition programmes in Tamil Nadu?
Some nutrition programmes in Tamil Nadu include:
- Puratchi Thalaivar M.G.R. Nutritious Meal Programme.
- Chief Minister's Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme.
- Dr. Muthulakshmi Reddy Maternity Benefit Scheme.
- Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme.
Part - III | Answer any 10 questions (10x5=50)
Q.No. 42 is compulsory.
29) Fill in the blanks:
- The founder of the Social Democratic Party was Ferdinand Lassalle.
- Bajra is indigenous crop of Africa.
- Gulamgiri was written by Jyotiba Phule.
- The constitution of India was adopted on 26 November 1949.
- In the year 2013 National Food Security Act was passed by the Indian Parliament.
30) Analyse the effects of World War II.
The effects of World War II were profound and multifaceted:
- Enormous Human Cost: Over 60 million people, both military and civilian, were killed, making it the deadliest conflict in human history.
- Division of the World: The world was divided into two ideological blocs: the capitalist bloc led by the USA and the communist bloc led by the USSR, leading to the Cold War.
- Formation of the United Nations: The United Nations Organization (UNO) was established in 1945 to promote international peace and prevent future wars.
- End of Colonialism: The war weakened European colonial powers like Britain and France, accelerating the process of decolonization in Asia and Africa.
- Emergence of Superpowers: The USA and the USSR emerged as the two global superpowers, dominating world politics for decades.
- Economic Impact: While Europe's economy was devastated, the US economy boomed. International financial institutions like the World Bank and IMF were created.
31) Write an essay on the role played by the 19th century reformers towards the cause of Women.
The 19th-century social reformers in India played a pivotal role in challenging oppressive customs and advocating for the rights and upliftment of women. Their efforts laid the foundation for modern gender equality in India.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy: A pioneer of social reform, he founded the Brahmo Samaj. His most significant contribution was the campaign against Sati, which led to its abolition in 1829. He also opposed polygamy and child marriage and advocated for women's right to property.
- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: He championed the cause of widow remarriage. His relentless efforts resulted in the passing of the Hindu Widows' Remarriage Act of 1856. He also worked tirelessly to promote girls' education, establishing several schools for them.
- Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule: This couple from Maharashtra were pioneers of women's education. In 1848, they started the first school for girls in Pune. They also fought against the caste system and opened their home to widows and oppressed women.
- Swami Dayananda Saraswati: Founder of the Arya Samaj, he condemned child marriage and advocated for female education and widow remarriage. The Arya Samaj established numerous educational institutions for both boys and girls.
- Pandita Ramabai: A great scholar and social reformer, she worked for the emancipation of women. She founded the Arya Mahila Samaj and later the Sharada Sadan in Mumbai to provide shelter and education to widows.
These reformers used a combination of petitions, writings, public debates, and establishing educational institutions to bring about change. They reinterpreted religious texts to argue that these oppressive practices were not sanctioned by the original scriptures, thus challenging the orthodox and paving the way for a more just society for women.
32) a) Distinguish between:
i) Internal Trade and International Trade
| Basis | Internal Trade | International Trade |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Trade of goods and services within the geographical boundaries of a country. | Trade of goods and services between two or more countries. |
| Currency | Only the domestic currency is used. | Multiple currencies are involved, requiring foreign exchange. |
| Regulations | Subject to domestic laws, taxes, and policies. | Subject to international laws, tariffs, quotas, and trade agreements. |
| Mobility | Factors of production (labour, capital) are relatively mobile. | Factors of production have restricted mobility. |
ii) Agro-based Industries and Mineral-based Industries
| Basis | Agro-based Industries | Mineral-based Industries |
|---|---|---|
| Raw Material Source | Obtain raw materials from agriculture. | Use minerals and metals as raw materials. |
| Examples | Cotton textiles, sugar, food processing, vegetable oil. | Iron and steel, cement, aluminium, petrochemicals. |
| Location | Often located near agricultural areas to reduce transport costs of perishable goods. | Often located near mining areas or ports for easy access to raw materials and transport. |
32) b) Give Reason: Himalayas are called young fold mountains.
The Himalayas are called "young fold mountains" for the following reasons:
- Geological Age: They were formed relatively recently in geological history, about 40-50 million years ago, during the Tertiary period. This is much younger than ancient mountain ranges like the Aravallis.
- Formation Process: They were formed by the folding of the earth's crust due to the collision of the Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian plate. This process is still ongoing.
- Physical Features: As a result of their recent and ongoing formation, the Himalayas exhibit youthful topographical features such as high, pointed peaks, deep V-shaped valleys, and fast-flowing rivers, indicating they have not yet been heavily eroded.
33) Estimate the role of Mao Tse Tung in making china a communist country.
Mao Tse Tung (Mao Zedong) was the principal architect of the communist revolution in China. His role was central and decisive.
- Leadership of the CCP: Mao became the undisputed leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the Long March (1934-35). His strategic genius and ideological clarity saved the party from annihilation.
- Adapting Marxism-Leninism: Unlike traditional Marxists who focused on the urban proletariat, Mao adapted the ideology to China's reality. He built his revolutionary base among the vast peasant population, a strategy known as Maoism.
- Guerrilla Warfare: He developed and successfully implemented guerrilla warfare tactics against both the Japanese invaders and the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) forces led by Chiang Kai-shek. This allowed his smaller forces to survive and eventually triumph.
- Winning Popular Support: Mao's policies of land reform in the areas he controlled won him the support of millions of peasants. His army was known for its discipline and respect for civilians, contrasting sharply with the corrupt and ineffective KMT.
- Proclamation of the PRC: After defeating the KMT in the Chinese Civil War, Mao stood at Tiananmen Square on October 1, 1949, and proclaimed the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), a communist state.
In essence, Mao's leadership, strategic military planning, and ideological innovation were the key factors that transformed the CCP from a small group of revolutionaries into the ruling party of China.
34) Describe the forests of India.
India has a diverse range of forests, which can be classified based on climate, soil, and topography. The major types are:
- Tropical Evergreen Forests: Found in areas with heavy rainfall (>200 cm), like the Western Ghats and Northeast India. These forests are dense, with tall trees like ebony, mahogany, and rosewood. They remain green throughout the year.
- Tropical Deciduous Forests (Monsoon Forests): The most widespread forests in India, found in regions with rainfall between 70-200 cm. Trees shed their leaves during the dry season. Teak, sal, sandalwood, and bamboo are important species.
- Tropical Dry Forests: Found in areas with rainfall between 50-100 cm. Trees are shorter and the forest is less dense. Important species include neem and banyan.
- Mountain (or Montane) Forests: Found in the Himalayan region and parts of the Nilgiris. Vegetation changes with altitude, from deciduous at the foothills to coniferous (pine, deodar, fir) at higher altitudes, and finally alpine grasslands near the snowline.
- Mangrove Forests (Tidal Forests): Found in the deltas of major rivers, like the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta (Sundarbans). These forests have trees with specialized roots (pneumatophores) that can survive in saline tidal waters. Sundari is a well-known species.
- Desert and Semi-Arid Vegetation (Thorn Forests): Found in regions with less than 50 cm of rainfall, like Rajasthan and Gujarat. Vegetation consists of thorny bushes, cacti, babul, and kikar.
35) What is multipurpose projects and write about any two multipurpose projects of India.
Multipurpose projects are large-scale river valley projects designed to serve several purposes simultaneously. These typically include irrigation, hydroelectric power generation, flood control, water supply for domestic and industrial use, navigation, and fish breeding. Jawaharlal Nehru called them the "temples of modern India".
Two major multipurpose projects in India are:
- Bhakra-Nangal Project:
- It is built across the Sutlej River in Himachal Pradesh and Punjab.
- It is the highest gravity dam in India and one of the largest multipurpose projects.
- Purposes: It provides irrigation to large agricultural areas in Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan. It is a major source of hydroelectric power. It also helps in flood control.
- Hirakud Project:
- It is built across the Mahanadi River in Odisha.
- It features one of the longest mainstream dams in the world.
- Purposes: Its primary purpose is to control the devastating floods in the Mahanadi delta. It also provides irrigation for a vast area and generates significant hydroelectric power.
36) What is Urbanization? Explain its problem.
Urbanization is the process of population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It involves the growth of cities and towns.
Problems of Urbanization in India:
- Overcrowding and Housing Shortage: Rapid migration leads to densely populated cities, resulting in the growth of slums and informal settlements with poor living conditions.
- Strain on Infrastructure: Existing public services like water supply, sanitation, electricity, and public transport become inadequate to support the growing population.
- Unemployment: The influx of job-seekers often exceeds the number of available jobs, leading to high rates of unemployment and underemployment.
- Environmental Pollution: Increased industrial activity and traffic lead to severe air, water, and noise pollution, impacting public health.
- Waste Management Issues: Cities generate massive amounts of solid waste, and their disposal becomes a major environmental and health challenge.
- Social Problems: Overcrowding and economic pressure can contribute to an increase in crime rates and other social tensions.
37) Explain the salient features of the constitution of India.
The salient features of the Constitution of India are:
- Lengthiest Written Constitution: It is the most detailed and comprehensive constitution in the world, originally containing 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules.
- Drawn from Various Sources: It has borrowed features from the constitutions of many countries, including the UK (parliamentary system), USA (Fundamental Rights, judicial review), and Ireland (Directive Principles).
- Parliamentary Form of Government: India has a parliamentary system where the executive is responsible to the legislature (the Parliament).
- Federal System with Unitary Bias: It establishes a federal structure with a division of powers between the Centre and the States, but with a strong central government.
- Fundamental Rights: Part III of the Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights to all citizens, which are justiciable (enforceable by courts).
- Directive Principles of State Policy: Part IV contains guidelines for the government to follow for the welfare of the people, though these are non-justiciable.
- Independent Judiciary: The Constitution provides for an independent and integrated judicial system with the Supreme Court at the apex.
- Universal Adult Franchise: It grants the right to vote to all citizens above the age of 18 without any discrimination.
- Secular State: The state does not have an official religion and treats all religions equally.
38) Describe the Executive and Judicial powers of the President of India.
The President of India has several executive and judicial powers.
Executive Powers:
- The President is the formal head of the executive of the Union of India. All executive actions of the Government of India are formally taken in his name.
- He appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers on the Prime Minister's advice.
- He appoints key officials like the Attorney General of India, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG), the Chief Election Commissioner, governors of states, and chairpersons of UPSC.
- He is the Supreme Commander of the Defence Forces of India. He can declare war or conclude peace, subject to the approval of the Parliament.
Judicial Powers:
- He appoints the Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
- He can seek advice from the Supreme Court on any question of law or fact, although the advice is not binding on him.
- He has the power to grant pardon, reprieve, respite, or remission of punishment, or to suspend, remit or commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offense. This is known as his pardoning power (Article 72).
39) What are the methods of calculating gross domestic product?
There are three main methods for calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
-
Expenditure Method: This method adds up all the spending on final goods and services produced within a country in a specific period. The formula is:
GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)- C = Consumption (spending by households)
- I = Investment (spending by businesses)
- G = Government Spending
- (X - M) = Net Exports (Exports minus Imports)
-
Income Method: This method adds up all the income earned by the factors of production (labour, capital, land, entrepreneurship) within a country. It includes wages, salaries, profits, rent, and interest. The formula is:
GDP = Wages + Rent + Interest + Profits + Mixed Income + (Indirect Taxes - Subsidies) + Depreciation -
Value Added (or Output/Production) Method: This method calculates the total value of all final goods and services produced across all sectors of the economy (agriculture, industry, services). It sums up the "value added" at each stage of production to avoid double-counting intermediate goods.
GDP = Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices + Net Product Taxes
40) Elaborate the Public Distribution System?
The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a government-sponsored system in India that provides food and non-food items to the poor at subsidized prices. It is a cornerstone of the government's food security policy.
Key Components and Functioning:
- Procurement: The Food Corporation of India (FCI) procures food grains (like wheat and rice) from farmers at a Minimum Support Price (MSP). This provides price security to farmers.
- Buffer Stock: The procured grains are stored in FCI godowns, creating a central buffer stock. This stock is used to ensure food availability during shortages and to stabilize prices. - Distribution: The central government allocates the food grains to state governments. The states are then responsible for distributing these grains to eligible households through a network of Fair Price Shops (FPS), also known as ration shops. - Targeting: The system has evolved from a universal one to a targeted one (Targeted Public Distribution System - TPDS). Households are identified as Above Poverty Line (APL), Below Poverty Line (BPL), and Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) for the poorest of the poor, with varying levels of subsidy.
- National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013: This act further strengthened the PDS by legally entitling up to 75% of the rural and 50% of the urban population to receive subsidized food grains.
Objectives: The main objectives of PDS are to ensure food security for the vulnerable sections of society, prevent starvation, stabilize food prices, and provide a safety net against poverty.
41) Draw a Time line for the following. Write any five important events between 1920 - 1940
(Students should draw a line with years marked on it)
Important Events between 1920 - 1940:
- 1920: Launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement by Mahatma Gandhi.
- 1922: Chauri Chaura incident, leading to the withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement.
- 1928: Simon Commission arrives in India; met with widespread protests.
- 1930: Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) begins, marking the start of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
- 1931: Gandhi-Irwin Pact is signed.
- 1935: Government of India Act is passed.
- 1939: World War II begins.
- 1940: The Lahore Resolution (Pakistan Resolution) is passed by the Muslim League.
42) Mark the following places on the outline Map of World.
i) Greece ii) Turkey iii) Hiroshima iv) Australia v) Mexico
(Locations should be marked on the provided World Map outline.)
Part - IV | Answer all the questions (2x8=16)
43) a) Discuss the main causes of First World War.
The First World War (1914-1918) was a global conflict that had complex and interconnected causes. The main causes can be summarized by the acronym M-A-I-N: Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism.
- Militarism: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, European powers engaged in a massive arms race. Countries like Germany and Britain built up their armies and navies. This glorification of military power and the belief in using it to solve diplomatic problems created a war-like atmosphere. Military leaders had significant influence on political decisions, and detailed war plans, like Germany's Schlieffen Plan, were ready to be executed.
- Alliances: A system of complex and secret alliances divided Europe into two hostile camps.
- The Triple Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. (Italy later switched sides). The Ottoman Empire also joined this group.
- The Triple Entente (Allied Powers): France, Russia, and Great Britain.
- Imperialism: European powers competed fiercely for colonies in Africa and Asia to secure raw materials, new markets, and national prestige. This colonial rivalry led to frequent clashes and heightened tensions. For example, the Moroccan Crises (1905, 1911) between Germany and France brought Europe to the brink of war.
- Nationalism: Nationalism existed in two forms. First, the intense patriotism and desire for national greatness in major powers like Germany, France, and Britain created a competitive and aggressive environment. Second, the desire for self-determination among ethnic groups within large empires, particularly the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, was a powerful destabilizing force. Pan-Slavism, the movement to unite all Slavic peoples, fueled by Russia, created major tensions in the Balkans.
- Immediate Cause - The Sarajevo Incident: The immediate trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie. They were shot and killed by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip, in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. Austria-Hungary, with Germany's backing (the "blank cheque"), issued a harsh ultimatum to Serbia. When Serbia did not fully comply, Austria-Hungary declared war on July 28, 1914. Due to the alliance system, this regional conflict rapidly escalated into the First World War.
43) b) Explain the divisions of Northern Mountains and its importance to India.
The Northern Mountains of India, dominated by the Himalayan range, are one of the most significant physical features of the country. They are broadly divided into three parallel ranges from north to south.
Divisions of the Northern Mountains:
- The Trans-Himalayas (The Tibetan Himalayas): Located to the north of the Great Himalayas, mostly in Tibet. Major ranges in this division include the Karakoram, Ladakh, and Zaskar ranges. Mount K2 (Godwin Austen), the second-highest peak in the world, is in the Karakoram Range.
- The Himalayas: This is the main mountain system, divided into three parallel ranges:
- The Greater Himalayas (Himadri): The northernmost and highest range, with an average height of 6,000 meters. It contains the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga. It is the source of major perennial rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna.
- The Lesser Himalayas (Himachal): Located south of the Himadri, with an average altitude of 3,700 to 4,500 meters. It consists of ranges like the Pir Panjal and Dhaula Dhar and is famous for its hill stations like Shimla, Mussoorie, and Nainital.
- The Outer Himalayas (Siwaliks): The southernmost range, with an average altitude of 900 to 1,100 meters. It is a discontinuous range composed of unconsolidated sediments. The valleys between the Himachal and Siwaliks are called 'Duns' (e.g., Dehra Dun).
- The Eastern Himalayas (Purvanchal): These are the eastern extension of the Himalayas, running along the northeastern border of India. They include the Patkai Bum, Naga Hills, and Mizo Hills. They are lower in height compared to the main Himalayan ranges.
Importance of the Northern Mountains to India:
- Climatic Barrier: They act as a massive barrier, protecting the Indian subcontinent from the cold, dry winds of Central Asia, thus giving India a monsoon-type climate. They also trap the monsoon winds, forcing them to shed their moisture over India.
- Source of Perennial Rivers: The glaciers in the Himalayas are the source of major perennial rivers like the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra, which provide water for irrigation, drinking, and hydroelectric power generation.
- Fertile Plains: The rivers originating from the Himalayas deposit vast amounts of alluvium, forming the fertile Northern Plains, which are the food basket of India.
- Biodiversity Hotspot: The mountains are home to rich and diverse flora and fauna, making them one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. They are a source of valuable forest products, including timber and medicinal herbs.
- Natural Defence: For centuries, they have acted as a natural defence barrier, protecting India from invasions from the north.
- Tourism and Pilgrimage: The scenic beauty of the Himalayas attracts tourists from all over the world, supporting the local economy. It is also home to numerous pilgrimage sites like Amarnath, Kedarnath, and Badrinath.
44) a) Mark the following places on the outline Map of India.
i) Gulf of Mannar ii) Godwin Austin (K2) iii) Andaman Nicobar Islands iv) Area of a cultivation of paddy v) Siwalik range vi) Deccan plateau vii) River of Cauvery viii) Chennai to Delhi railway route
(Locations should be marked on the provided India Map outline.)
44) b) Mark the following places on the outline Map of India.
i) Chola Nagpur (Chotanagpur Plateau) ii) Karakoram Range iii) Mountain forest iv) Area of heavy rain falls v) Desert soil vi) Hirakud dam vii) Pamirkonts (Pamir Knot) viii) Area of cultivation of Cotton
(Locations should be marked on the provided India Map outline.)
VALLAM-627809, TENKASI DIST.