Saturday, February 28, 2015

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PURANDAR

The fort, being quite a huge one was a good place for defense. It had the capacity to house many soldier-troops, foods grains and ammunition which proved sufficient for long durations during wartime. Nonetheless, the fort hosts strong fortified places from which a watchful eye can be kept over surrounding area. The history of the Purandar fort goes back to the 13th century. The Bahamani Sultans in the 14th century built here some walls and bastions. From 1484 AD, for about a hundred years, the fort remained in the hands of the Nizamshahi rulers. In 1596 AD, the fort was given as Jagir to Maloji Bhosale, grandfather of Shivaji. However, Shivaji had to struggle very hard to establish his control over the fort in 1646 AD. In 1665 AD, Purandar was besieged by the mighty Mughal forces under the command of Jai Singh and Dilir Khan. In the ensuing battle Murar Baji Prabhu, the gallant commander of the fort, was killed. Shivaji, under a treaty, had to surrender to the Mughals his 23 forts, including Purandar and Vajragarh. At the lower fort a statue of Murar Baji Prabhu has been installed in his memory. Purandar was recaptured by Shivaji in 1670 AD Later it became a favourite retreat of the Peshwas. Purandar was captured by the British in 1818 AD. During the Second World War, the British kept here the German war prisoners. Dr. H. Goetz, one of the German prisoners, thoroughly studied Purandarand wrote a monograph on it. Maharaj’s son, Sambhaji, was born on Vaishakh Shudhha 12, Shake’ 1579, ie., 16th May 1657, Thursday on this fort.

Letter of Complaint (The complaint could be against)

Guide to Writing Complaint Letters

This page discusses writing letters for issues such as:

  • A social problem
  • Poor services by an agency/organization
  • Defect in product
Include the following content:
  • Introduce & give details of product you wish to complain against
  • Give causes of the problem
  • Ask for action to be taken
  • Conclude politely, hoping for prompt action

Sample Letter

You are Anshu / Akash staying at 5-k.k. Nagar New Delhi. Last month you brought a video camera from Ruchi electronics, south bazaar, New Delhi against a warranty of two year. Now you discover that there is some thing wrong with this camera. Write a letter to the dealer complaining about this problem. Also request him to replace it. (200 words)

5-k.k. Nagar
New Delhi
The Dealer
Ruchi electronics
South bazaar –New Delhi
Sub.: complaint against video camera.
Sir,

This complaint is with reference ………………………(Bill no. [Your Bill No.] add date of purchasing ) …………………......………………………………………………………

Now it has started developing ……………………….. (Mention the problem) …………………………………

I would like to ………… (Request for replacing)……..

Looking forward to an early response.

Yours faithfully,
Anshu / Akash

Difficult Words & Meanings

  • Agency: A business or organization that provides a specific service on behalf of another business, person, or group.
  • Defect: A fault, flaw, or imperfection in something.
  • Warranty: A written promise from a company to repair or replace a product that develops a fault within a particular period of time.
  • Dealer: A person or business that buys and sells goods, especially a specific type of product.
  • Prompt (action/response): Done quickly and without delay.
  • Reference (with reference to): In connection with; concerning or about.
  • Politely: In a way that shows good manners and respect for other people.
  • Conclude: To bring something to an end; finish.

Job Application: A job application has two parts. One is the covering letter and the other is the biodata to be sent along with the covering letter

Job Application: Covering Letter and Biodata

Understanding the Essentials of Formal Letter Writing

Question:

You are Amit Sharma, H.No.573, MG Marg, New Delhi. You have seen an advertisement in The Hindustan Times for the post of Marketing Manager. Write an application for the same to the General Manager, G.P. Pvt. Limited, Mumbai with complete biodata.

Covering Letter

H.No.573

MG Marg

New Delhi

[Current Date]

To

The General Manager

G.P. Pvt. Limited,

Mumbai

Subject: Application for the post of Marketing Manager.

Dear Sir,

In response to your advertisement in ‘The Hindustan Times’ dated , I wish to be considered for the post of Marketing Manager. I feel my qualifications and experience are suitable for the post mentioned above.

I am enclosing my biodata, testimonials, and attested copies of my certificates.

I hope to receive a positive response from your company.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully,

Amit Sharma

Encl: Biodata, testimonials, attested copies of certificates.

BIODATA

Name: Amit Sharma
Father’s Name: Sh. Naresh Sharma
Date of Birth: 10th December 1995
Age: [Calculated Age] years
Sex: Male
Marital Status: Single
Nationality: Indian
Educational Qualification:
  • B.Sc from DCP College, New Delhi
  • MBA (Marketing), College of Business Management, Lucknow
Experience: One year at Wipro Limited as Marketing Manager
Languages Known: English, Tamil, Hindi and Marathi.
Strength: Good time management, Positive team spirit & leadership
Hobbies: Reading, Travelling & playing
Permanent Address: H.No. 678, Civil Lines, Patiala
Correspondence Address: H.No.573, MG Marg, New Delhi
Contact No: 9876543210
Email ID: comeandgo@gmail.com
References:
  • Prof. AK Ranjan, Adarsh College, Ambala
  • Dr. B.M. Gupta Civil Hospital, Agra

Difficult Words & Meanings

  • Application: A formal request, often in writing, for something such as a job.
  • Covering Letter: A letter sent with, and explaining the contents of, another document or a parcel of goods.
  • Biodata: A summary of a person's personal details, education, and work experience, typically submitted with a job application.
  • Formal Letter: A letter written in a formal and ceremonious language and follows a certain stipulated format.
  • Advertisement: A public notice or announcement, especially one promoting a product, service, or job opening.
  • Post (job): A position of paid employment; a job.
  • Marketing Manager: A professional responsible for planning, developing, implementing and overseeing the overall marketing strategy for a company or product line.
  • General Manager: A senior executive who has overall responsibility for managing both the revenue and cost elements of a company's income statement.
  • Pvt. Limited (Private Limited Company): A type of privately held small business entity, where owner liability is limited to their shares.
  • In response to: As an answer or reaction to.
  • Considered: Thought carefully about, especially in order to make a decision.
  • Qualification(s): Skills, knowledge, or personal qualities that fit a person for a particular job or activity.
  • Suitable: Right or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation.
  • Enclosing: Placing something inside an envelope or package along with something else.
  • Testimonials: Written statements that praise someone's character, abilities, or the quality of a product/service.
  • Attested: Confirmed or certified as true or genuine, often by a signature.
  • Certificates: Official documents that prove particular facts, qualifications, or achievements.
  • Faithfully (Yours faithfully): A formal closing for a letter, typically used when the recipient's name is unknown (e.g., Dear Sir/Madam).
  • Encl. (Enclosure): Abbreviation indicating that other documents are included with the letter.
  • Marital Status: A person's state of being single, married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
  • Nationality: The legal status of belonging to a particular country.
  • MBA (Master of Business Administration): An advanced university degree in business management.
  • Experience: Knowledge or skill gained from doing or seeing things over time.
  • Correspondence Address: The postal address where a person wishes to receive mail.
  • References: Individuals who can provide information about your character, abilities, and work history to a potential employer.

You are Priya Khanna, librarian of your school, Aligarh. You have been asked to place an order for some books for the school library. Write a letter to the Sales Manager, Light House, Main Road, Noida, placing an order for the books that you need.

Army School

Aligarh

[Current Date will appear here]

The Sales Manager

Light House

Main Road

Noida

Subject: Placing an order for books

Dear Sir,

I have reliably learnt that your book shop supplies books at discount rates. I would like to place the following order for the school library.

S.No. Book’s Name Author Quantity
1. Macbeth William Shakespeare One
2. The Suitable Boy Vikram Seth One
3. Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen One
4. Wings of Fire APJ Kalam One

The payment will be made by cheque on receipt of the goods. Kindly ensure that the order reaches us within a week.

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully,

Priya

Librarian, Army School

Difficult Words & Meanings

  • Reliably:Trustworthily; in a way that can be depended upon.
  • Discount:A reduction from the usual or standard price.
  • Ensure:To make certain or guarantee that something will happen.
  • Receipt (on receipt of):The act or state of receiving something; in this context, "when the goods are received."
  • Faithfully (Yours faithfully):A formal closing for a letter (typically used when the recipient's name is not known, e.g., "Dear Sir/Madam"), signifying sincerity and trustworthiness.

Letter for placing an order ( the goods ordered through a letter include)

Items You Can Order:

  • Books
  • Sports / laboratory equipment
  • Magazines / journals
  • Electronic gadgets
  • Garments
  • Household items

Include the following content in your order letter:

  • Refer to the advertisement (if any)
  • Give details of goods being ordered (brand, item, author, colour/size etc., quantity, price if given)
  • Give the mode of dispatch and payment
  • Conclude politely asking for a prompt and safe delivery of goods.

Sample Letter of Order:

Q. You are Priya Khanna, librarian of your school, Aligarh. You have been asked to place an order for some books for the school library. Write a letter to the Sales Manager, Light House, Main Road, Noida, placing an order for the books that you need.

Army School
Aligarh

The Sales Manager
Light House
Main Road
Noida

Subject: Placing an order for books

Dear Sir,

I have reliably learnt that your book shop supplies books at discount rates. I would like to place the following order for the school library.

S.No. Book’s Name Author Quantity
1. Macbeth William Shakespeare one
2. The Suitable Boy Vikram Seth one
3. Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen one
4. Wings of Fire APJ Kalam one

The payment will be made by cheque on receipt of the goods. Kindly ensure that the order reaches us by . We would appreciate a prompt and safe delivery.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully
Priya Khanna
Librarian, Army School

Difficult Words:

Librarian
A person in charge of or assisting in a library.
Placing an order
Formally requesting goods or services from a supplier.
Sales Manager
The person in charge of a company's sales department.
Reliably
In a way that can be trusted; dependably.
Supplies
Provides or makes available.
Discount rates
Prices that are lower than the usual price.
Quantity
The amount or number of something.
Cheque
A written order directing a bank to pay money as instructed (often spelled "check" in American English).
Receipt of goods
The act of receiving the items that were ordered.
Ensure
Make certain that something will occur or be the case.
Prompt
Done quickly or without delay.
Faithfully
Loyally; a common formal closing for letters.
Dispatch
The sending of someone or something to a destination for a purpose.
Gadgets
Small mechanical or electronic devices or tools, especially ingenious or novel ones.
Garments
Items of clothing.
Journals
Newspapers or magazines that deal with a particular subject or professional activity.
Conclude
Bring something to an end.
Advertisement
A notice or announcement in a public medium promoting a product, service, or event.

Letter of Enquiry ( a letter enquiry could be written to enquire about)

Used for seeking information about:

  • a procedure for admission or membership
  • a training programme/course
  • tour / travel arrangements
  • sale / services

Include the following content

  • Refer to the advertisement if mentioned in the question.
  • Specify the information that you need
  • Conclude politely requesting for a prompt response

Sample

Q. You are Meena Saxena of Kanpur. You have come across an advertisement of a coaching centre that prepares students for the Pre Medical Test. Write a letter to the director of the institute asking for information that you require before you decide to join it.

7, Greater Colony
Kanpur
The Director
Sky-High Institute
25 High Street
Kanpur
Subject: Enquiry regarding coaching classes
Dear Sir,

This is in reference to your advertisement in ‘The Daily Times’ dated DD Month YYYY. I am preparing for the Pre Medical Test. I am interested in joining your institute, but before I do so, I would like the following information.

I would like to know the duration and the timings of the course. What is the fee structure and the mode of payment? I would also like to know the strength of each batch and the success rate of your Institute. Do you offer any discount to students who have excelled in academics?

I would be grateful if you could give me a prompt response so that I can take timely decision to join your institute.

Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,

Meena Saxena

Difficult Words & Meanings

  • Enquiry: An act of asking for information.
  • Procedure: An established or official way of doing something.
  • Admission: The process or fact of entering or being allowed to enter a place or organization.
  • Membership: The state of being a member of a group or organization.
  • Arrangements: Plans made for a future event or activity.
  • Specify: Identify clearly and definitely.
  • Conclude: Bring something to an end.
  • Prompt: Done without delay; immediate.
  • Aspiring: Directing one's hopes or ambitions towards becoming a specified type of person.
  • Institute: An organization with a particular purpose, especially one that is educational or professional.
  • Duration: The time during which something continues.
  • Structure (fee structure): The way parts are arranged or organized; here, how fees are set up.
  • Mode (mode of payment): A particular way or method of doing something.
  • Strength (strength of each batch): The number of individuals in a group.
  • Excelled: Been exceptionally good at or proficient in an activity or subject.
  • Grateful: Feeling or showing an appreciation of kindness; thankful.
  • Faithfully: In a loyal and trustworthy manner.
  • Reference: The act of mentioning or alluding to something.

A formal letter has the following parts.

Guide to Formal Letter Writing

Key Components of a Formal Letter

  • Sender’s Address
  • Current Date
  • Addressee’s Address
  • Salutation (e.g., Dear Sir/Madam)
  • Subject Line
  • Body of the Letter (preferably in three or four paragraphs: Introduction, Main Content, Conclusion)
  • Complementary Closing (e.g., Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely)
  • Sender’s Signature & Typed Name

Note: Formal letters should generally be written in a fully blocked format (all lines starting from the left margin) as per standard curriculum requirements.

Standard Formal Letter Format

Sender’s Full Name (Optional, if not in letterhead)

Sender’s Address Line 1

Sender’s Address Line 2

City, Postal Code


Current Date


Addressee’s Full Name (if known, with title)

Addressee’s Title/Position

Organization Name

Address Line 1

City, Postal Code


Dear Sir/Madam, (or specific name if known)


Subject: Clearly and concisely state the purpose of the letter


Para 1: Introduction - State why you are writing.

Para 2/3: Main Body - Provide details, explanations, or arguments. Each main point can be a separate paragraph.

Para 4: Conclusion - Summarize, state desired action, or offer further assistance.


Yours faithfully, (if salutation was "Dear Sir/Madam")

Yours sincerely, (if salutation used a specific name, e.g., "Dear Mr. Smith")


[Space for Signature]

Sender's Typed Name

Focus: Letter to the Editor

A letter to the editor is a formal letter typically written to a newspaper or magazine to:

  • Express an opinion on a recently published article or a current issue.
  • Raise awareness or complain about a social problem.
  • Highlight a particular situation or viewpoint.
  • Suggest solutions or call for action.

If addressing a social problem, key areas to include are:

  1. Causes: What are the root causes of the problem?
  2. Effects: What are the consequences or impact of the problem?
  3. Solutions: What are your suggested measures to address the problem?

Remember to conclude politely and provide your name and contact information (as required by the publication).

Sample: Letter to the Editor

Q. Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper suggesting how the problem of begging can be ended. You are Sumit of Civil Lines, Kanpur.

Sumit

Civil Lines

Kanpur


Current Date


The Editor

The Hindustan Times

New Delhi


Sir,


Subject: Regarding the Problem of Begging and How It Can Be Ended


Through the esteemed columns of your newspaper, I wish to draw the attention of the concerned authorities and the public towards the persistent issue of begging in our society.

Some beggars, no doubt, deserve our sympathy. They may be handicapped or genuinely unable to earn their living. However, it is a pity that for many, begging has become a profession. They find it an easy way to earn money, and some may even be involved in illicit activities under the guise of begging. This large-scale begging is a slur on the fair name of our country and reflects poorly on our societal structures.

To address this, begging should be strictly discouraged, and perhaps legally abolished for able-bodied individuals, making it a punishable offence if they refuse to work. The government should establish more asylums and rehabilitation centers for those who are truly helpless and disabled, providing them with care and vocational training. Able-bodied beggars should be identified and directed towards employment opportunities or skill development programs. Public awareness is also crucial; we should discourage indiscriminate alms-giving which perpetuates the problem and instead support organizations working to rehabilitate beggars. People can thus play a big role in ending this social evil.

I hope these suggestions will be considered and prompt necessary action.


Yours faithfully,


Sumit

Difficult Words & Their Meanings

  • Addressee: The person or organization to whom a letter is sent.
  • Salutation: A greeting used at the beginning of a letter (e.g., "Dear Sir").
  • Complementary Closing: A polite phrase used to end a letter before the signature (e.g., "Yours faithfully").
  • Curriculum: The subjects comprising a course of study.
  • Blocked Format: A letter format where all lines start at the left margin.
  • Obliged: Feeling thankful or required to do something.
  • Esteemed: Highly respected and admired.
  • Sympathy: Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune.
  • Handicapped: (Often replaced by 'person with a disability') Having a condition that restricts one's ability to function.
  • Pity: The feeling of sorrow and compassion caused by the suffering of others.
  • Profession: A paid occupation, especially one requiring training.
  • Illicit: Forbidden by law, rules, or custom; illegal.
  • Guise: An external form, appearance, or manner of presentation, typically concealing the true nature of something.
  • Slur: A mark of disgrace or discredit.
  • Abolished: Formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).
  • Punishable Offence: An act that can be punished by law.
  • Asylums: Institutions offering shelter and support to people in need (historically for mentally ill or destitute, now more broadly for refuge).
  • Vocational Training: Training for a specific job or trade.
  • Indiscriminate: Done at random or without careful judgment.
  • Alms: Money or food given to poor people.
  • Perpetuates: Makes something (typically an undesirable situation or unfounded belief) continue indefinitely.
  • Social Evil: A widespread problem in society considered morally wrong or harmful.

You are Meena Saxena of Kanpur. You have come across an advertisement of a coaching centre that prepares students for the Pre Medical Test. Write a letter to the director of the institute asking for information that you require before you decide to join it.

7, Greater Colony
Kanpur
The Director
Sky-High Institute
25 High Street
Kanpur
Subject: Enquiry regarding coaching classes
Dear Sir,

This is in reference to your advertisement in ‘The Daily Times’ dated January 1, 2000. I am preparing for the Pre Medical Test. I am interested in joining your institute, but before I do so, I would like the following information.

I would like to know the duration and the timings of the course. What is the fee structure and the mode of payment? I would also like to know the strength of each batch and the success rate of your Institute. Do you offer any discount to students who have excelled in academics?

I would be grateful if you could give me a prompt response so that I can take timely decision to join your institute.

Thanking you,
Yours faithfully,

Meena Saxena

Difficult Words & Meanings

  • Aspiring: Having a strong desire or ambition to achieve something, typically a career. (e.g., aspiring to be a doctor)
  • Institute: An organization founded for a specific purpose, especially education or research.
  • Reference: The act of mentioning or alluding to something. (e.g., in reference to your advertisement)
  • Duration: The length of time something continues or lasts.
  • Structure (fee structure): The way in which the parts of something are arranged or organized; in this case, how fees are set up.
  • Mode (of payment): A way or manner in which something is done; in this case, how payment can be made.
  • Strength (of each batch): The number of people in a group; in this case, the number of students in a class.
  • Success rate: The frequency or proportion of successful outcomes compared to the total number of attempts.
  • Excelled: To have been exceptionally good at or proficient in an activity or subject.
  • Academics: The subjects and courses studied at a school, college, or university.
  • Grateful: Feeling or showing an appreciation of kindness; thankful.
  • Prompt (response): Done without delay; immediate.
  • Timely (decision): Done or occurring at a favorable or useful time; opportune.
  • Faithfully (Yours faithfully): A formal way to end a letter when the recipient's name is not used (e.g., Dear Sir/Madam), showing respect and sincerity.
  • Enquiry (or Inquiry): An act of asking for information or a formal investigation.
  • Coaching: Specialized teaching or training, often for a specific skill, test, or goal.

Q. Write letter to the Editor of a newspaper suggesting how the problem of begging can be ended. You are Sumit of Civil Lines, Kanpur

Civil Lines

Kanpur

The Editor

The Hindustan Times

New Delhi

Subject: Regarding the problem of begging & how it can be ended.

Sir,

I shall feel obliged if you kindly public the following few lines ‘Letters to the Editor’ column of your esteemed paper.

Some beggars, no doubt, deserve our sympathy. They are handicapped. They are unable to earn their living. But the pity is that most of the beggars are able-bodied. Begging has become a profession for them. They find it the easiest way to earn their living. Some of them are criminals. They beg only to hide their crimes. This large-scales begging is a slur on the fair name of our country.

Begging should be abolished by law. It should be made a punishable offence. The government should open asylums for those beggars who are really helpless. Able-bodied beggars should forced to work. If they go without work, they must also go without food. We should have no sympathy for such impostors. We should not encourage them by giving alms. People can thus play a big role in ending this evil.

Yours faithfully,

Sumit

Difficult Words & Meanings

  • Obliged: Feeling grateful or indebted; required to do something due to a sense of duty or gratitude.
  • Esteemed: Highly respected and admired.
  • Sympathy: Feelings of pity and sorrow for someone else's misfortune.
  • Handicapped: Having a condition that markedly restricts one's ability to function physically, mentally, or socially. (Modern preferred terms: 'person with a disability').
  • Able-bodied: Physically strong and healthy; not disabled.
  • Profession: A paid occupation, especially one that involves prolonged training and a formal qualification.
  • Slur: A mark of disgrace or discredit; a derogatory remark or insinuation.
  • Abolished: Formally put an end to (a system, practice, or institution).
  • Punishable offence: An act that can be punished by law.
  • Asylums: Institutions offering shelter and support to people who are mentally ill or destitute (in this context, for the helpless).
  • Impostors: People who pretend to be someone else in order to deceive others, especially for fraudulent gain.
  • Alms: Money or food given to poor people.

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