India Climate and Vegetation Map Exercises | Class 10 Geography Chapter 2
Climate and Natural Vegetation of India
10th Social Science | Geography | Chapter 2
Map Exercises
Mark the following on the outline map of India.
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Climate and Natural Vegetation of India: Detailed Answers | 10th Geography Ch 2
Climate and Natural Vegetation of India
10th Social Science | Geography | Chapter 2
Answer in detail
1. Write about South West Monsoon.
The southwest monsoon is the most significant feature of the Indian climate.
- The onset of the monsoon takes place normally over the Southern tip of the country by the first week of June.
- It covers the whole country by 15th July.
- Prior to the onset of the Southwest Monsoon, the temperature in North India reaches up to 46°C.
- The sudden approach of monsoon wind over South India with lightning and thunder is termed as the 'Break' or 'Burst of Monsoon'.
- It lowers the temperature of India to a large extent.
- The monsoon wind strikes against the southern tip of Indian land mass and gets divided into two branches.
- They are i) The Arabian sea branch and ii) The Bay of Bengal branch.
Arabian sea branch:
- The Arabian Sea branch of Southwest Monsoon gives heavy rainfall to the west coast of India as it is located in the windward side of the Western Ghats. The other part advances towards north.
- It is obstructed by Himalayan mountains and results in heavy rainfall in north. As Aravalli mountain is located parallel to the wind direction, Rajasthan and western part do not get much rainfall.
Bay of Bengal branch:
- The Bay of Bengal branch moves towards Northeast India and Myanmar.
- The wind is trapped by a chain of mountains like Garo, Khasi and Jainthia. The heaviest rainfall is caused at Mawsynram.
- Later this wind travels towards west which results in decrease in rainfall from east to west.
2. Describe the forests of India.
On the basis of climate, soil and landforms the forest of India can be divides into the following types.
- Tropical Evergreen Forest
- Tropical Deciduous Forest
- Tropical Dry Forest
- Mountain (Montane) Forest
- Alpine Forest
- Tidal Forest
- Coast Forest
- Riverine Forest
Tropical Evergreen Forest:
Tropical evergreen forests are found in the regions where the annual rainfall is more than 200 cm.
- Areas: Western Ghats in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Assam, West Bengal, Nagaland, Tripura, Mizoram and Manipur.
- Trees found: Rubber, mahogany, ebony, rosewood, coconut, bamboo, cinchona and palm.
Tropical Deciduous Forest (Monsoon Forest):
Tropical deciduous forests are found in areas with 100 to 200 of rainfall
- Area: Sub Himalayan Region, Great Plains, Central India and South India.
- Trees found: Sandalwood, rosewood, teak, sal, kusum, mahua, palas, haldu, amla, padauk and bamboo.
Tropical Dry Forest:
These forests are found in areas with 50 to 100 cm of rainfall
- Areas: East Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Western Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Eastern Maharashtra, Telangana, West Karnataka and East Tamilnadu.
- Trees found: Mahua, banyan, amaltas, palas, haldu, kikar, bamboo, babool and khair.
Mountain (Montane) Forest:
Eastern Himalayan Forest:
- These trees are found in areas having 200 cm of rainfall.
- Areas: On the slopes of the mountains in North-east states.
- Trees found: Sal, oak, laurel, amura, chestnut, cinnamon, Oak, birch, silver, fir, fine, spruce and juniper.
Western Himalayan Forest:
- These vegetations are found in areas where there is moderate rainfall.
- Areas: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.
- Trees found: Bushes and small trees and Chir.
Alpine Forest:
- Area: All along the Himalayas with 2400 m altitude
- Coniferous trees: Oak, silver fir, pine, juniper
Tidal Forest (Delta or Swamp Forest):
- Areas: In and around the deltas and estuaries
- The delta of the Ganga - Brahmaputra, the deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna. They are also called Mangrove forest.
Give Reasons: Climate and Natural Vegetation of India | Geography Class 10
10th Social Science: Geography
Chapter 2: Climate and Natural Vegetation of India
Give reasons for the following topics
1. Western Coastal plain is narrow.
The western coast plain is narrow because the river flowing through this plain do form any delta. The coastal plain has sand dunes.
2. India has a tropical monsoon climate.
India has a tropical monsoon climate because most of India lies in the tropical belt and her climate is influenced by the monsoon winds which mainly blow in the tropics (20°N and 20°S).
3. Mountains are cooler than the plains.
Mountains are cooler than plains because when the altitude increases, the temperature decreases. Temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5°C for every 1000 metres of ascent.
Distinguish Between: Climate, Vegetation & Monsoons in India | 10th Social Science Geography
Geography | Social Science
Climate and Natural Vegetation of India
Chapter: 10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 2 : Climate and Natural Vegetation of India
Distinguish between
Social Science : Geography : Climate and Natural Vegetation of India : Book Back Important Questions, Answers, Solutions : Distinguish between
VI. Distinguish between
1. Weather and Climate
Weather
- Weather refers to the state of atmosphere of a place at a given point of time.
- Weather of a place may change daily.
Climate
- Climate is the accumulation of daily and seasonal weather events of a given location over a period of 30-35 years.
- Climate of a place remains constant over a long period.
2. Tropical Evergreen Forest and Deciduous Forest.
Tropical Evergreen Forest
- Tropical evergreen forests are found in areas with 200cm or more annual rainfall.
- These forests are evergreen and they do not shed their leaves.
- These forests are found in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Andaman-Nicobar islands, Assam and West Bengal.
- Important trees are rubber, mahogany, ebony, rosewood, coconut, bamboo, cinchona and candes.
Deciduous Forest
- Deciduous forests are found in areas with 100 to 200 cm annual rainfall.
- The trees in these forests drop their leaves during the spring and early summer.
- These forests are found in the Himalayan region from Punjab to Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Tamilnadu and Kerala.
- Important trees are sandalwood, rosewood, kusum, palas, amla, padauk, bamboo etc.
3. North East Monsoon and South West Monsoon.
North East Monsoon
- Northeast monsoon blows during October and November.
- Northeast monsoon winds blow from land.
- It gives rainfall to Coromandal coast.
- India gets only 25% of rainfall from Northeast monsoon.
South West Monsoon
- Southwest monsoon blows from June to September.
- Southwest monsoon originates from the Indian ocean.
- It gives rainfall to the western coastal plain and most other parts of India.
- India gets 75% of rainfall from southwest monsoon.
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10th Social Science : Geography : Chapter 2 : Climate and Natural Vegetation of India : Distinguish between | Climate and Natural Vegetation of India | Geography | Social Science
Climate & Natural Vegetation of India: Q&A | 10th Social Science Geography
Climate and Natural Vegetation of India
10th Social Science: Geography: Chapter 2 - Answer Briefly
V. Answer briefly
1. List the factors affecting climate of India.
- Latitude
- Altitude
- Distance from the sea
- Monsoon wind
- Relief features
- Jet streams
2. What is meant by ‘normal lapse rate’?
- When the altitude increases, the temperature decreases.
- Temperature decreases at the rate of 6.5°C for every 1000 metres of ascent. This is called "Normal lapse rate”.
3. What are ‘jet streams’?
- Jet streams are the fast moving winds blowing in a narrow zone in the upper atmosphere.
- According to the Jet stream theory, the onset of southwest monsoon is driven by the shift of the sub tropical westerly jet from the plains of India towards the Tibetan Plateau.
- The easterly jet streams cause tropical depressions both during southwest monsoon and retreating monsoon.
4. Write a short note on ‘Monsoon wind’.
- The word ’monsoon' is derived from the Arabic word 'Mausim' which means season.
- Originally this word was used by the Arab navigators several centuries ago.
- It is used to describe a system of seasonal reversal of winds along the shores of Indian ocean especially over the Arabian sea.
- It blows from the southwest to northeast during summer and from the north east to southwest during winter.
5. Name the four distinct seasons of India.
- Winter (Cold weather) season - (January - February).
- Pre Monsoon (Summer or hot weather) season - (March - May).
- Southwest Monsoon (Rainy) season - (June - September).
- Northeast Monsoon season - (October - December).
6. What is ‘burst of monsoon’?
- Prior to the onset of the southwest monsoon, the temperature in north India reaches up to 46°C.
- The sudden approach of monsoon wind over south India with lightning and thunder is termed as the ’Break' or 'Burst of Monsoon'.
7. Name the areas which receive heavy rainfall.
- The Western coast
- Assam
- South Meghalaya
- Tripura
- Nagaland
- Arunachal Pradesh
8. State the places of mangrove forests in India.
- The delta of Ganga - Brahmaputra.
- The deltas of Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna rivers are also known for Tidal Forests (Mongrove Forests).
9. Write any five biosphere reserves in India.
- Agasthyamalai - Kerala
- Sundarbans - West Bengal
- Great Nicobar - Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Gulf of Mannar - Tamil Nadu
- Kachch - Gujarat