Central Government of India
10th Social Science : Civics : Chapter 2
VI. Answer in detail
1. Describe the Executive and Judicial powers of the President of India.
Executive Powers:
- Every executive action of the Union is taken in the name of the President.
- He appoints the Prime Minister and the other Gouncil of Ministers
- He distributes port folios to them on the advice of the Prime Minister
- He appoints Governors of States, Chief Justice and other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
- He appoints The Attorney General, Auditor General, Comptroller, Election Commissioners, Members of the Union. Public Service Commission and Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries.
Judicial Powers:
- Article 72 confers on the President has the power to grant pardons, reprieve, respite or remission of punishment, or to commute the sentence of any person convicted of an offence.
2. Explain any three Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India?
Original Jurisdiction:
- The cases which are brought directly in the first instance to the Supreme Court come under original jurisdiction.
- The dispute between the Government of India and one or more states, dispute between two or more states come under this category.
- The writs are issued by the Supreme Court for the enforcement of the fundamental rights.
Appellate Jurisdiction:
- The Supreme Court hears appeals against the decisions of High Courts in civil, criminal and constitutional cases.
- Such cases can be brought to the Supreme Court only with a certificate from the High Court that it is fit to appeal in the Supreme Court.
- Such cases should have been certified by the High Court that the case invites the interpertation of the constitution.
Advisory Jurisdiction:
- The President has the power to refer to the Supreme Court any question of law or fact which is of public importance.
3. What are the Duties and functions of Prime Minister of India?
- The Prime Minister decides the rank of his ministers and distributes various departments.
- He decides the dates and the agenda of the meeting of the cabinet which he presides.
- The Prime Minister informally consults two or three of his senior colleagues when he does not convene a cabinet meeting.
- He supervises the work of various ministers.
- He converses to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers connecting to the government of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation.
- He acts as the link between the President and the Council of Ministers.
- The Prime Minister is the leader of the nation and chief spokesperson of the country.
- He represents our nation at all international conferences like the Common wealth, summit of SAARC nations etc.
4. Critically examine the Powers and Functions of the Parliament.
- The Parliament of India has the functions of legislation, overseeing of administration, passing of budget, ventilation of public grievances, discussion of various subjects like development plans, international relations and internal policies.
- The Parliament is also vested with powers to impeach the President and to remove judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, Chief Election Commissioner, Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
- The Parliament has the power to change the boundaries of the states.
VII. Project and activity
- Organise a mock parliament in your class. Discuss the role of President, Prime Minister and Ministers.
- Bring out the differences and similarities between the US and Indian President’s.
- Make a list of Presidents and Prime Ministers of India.