COMMON QUARTERLY EXAM - 2024
Standard - X SOCIAL SCIENCE
Part - I
I. Choose the correct answer: (14×1=14)
- Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?
- Which president of the USA pursued "Good Neighbour" policy towards Latin America?
- Where did the US drop its first atomic bomb?
- The United states and European allies formed to resist any Soviet aggression in Europe.
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i) Ramakrishna Mission was actively involved in social causes such as education, health care, relief in time of calamities.
ii) Ramakrishna emphasised the spiritual union with god through ecstatic practices.
iii) Ramakrishna established the Ramakrishna Mission - Who was the author of the book Satyarthaprakash?
- The north-south extent of India is
- ______ helps in quick ripening of mangoes along the coast of Kerala and Karnataka
- Which crop is called as "Golden Fibre" in India
- The first Nuclear Power station was commissioned in
- The major import item of India is
- The authority to alter the boundaries of state in India rest with?
- Who amoung the following decides whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not?
- Gross value added at current prices for services sector is estimated at ______ lakh crore in 2018-19
Part - II
II. Note: Answer any 10 questions. Question No.28 is compulsory:- (10×2=20)
- List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations.
Two causes for the failure of the League of Nations were:
- Lack of own military: The League did not have its own army to enforce its decisions. It had to depend on the member nations to contribute forces.
- Non-cooperation of major powers: Major countries like the USA never joined, while others like Germany and Japan left the League, weakening its authority.
- How did Great Depression impact on the Indian agriculture?
The Great Depression severely impacted Indian agriculture:
- Prices of agricultural products fell sharply, by over 50%.
- Despite the fall in prices, the government refused to reduce land revenue demands, causing immense hardship to farmers and leading to widespread rural indebtedness.
- What do you know of Beveridge Report?
The Beveridge Report (1942) was an influential document in Great Britain. It proposed a comprehensive social insurance system to combat the "five giant evils" of want, disease, ignorance, squalor, and idleness. It laid the foundation for the modern welfare state in Britain, including the creation of the National Health Service (NHS).
- Write a note on Third World Countries.
The term "Third World Countries" originally referred to nations that were not aligned with either the capitalist First World (USA and its allies) or the communist Second World (Soviet Union and its allies) during the Cold War. Most of these countries were newly independent, former colonies in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Today, the term is often used to describe developing nations with lower economic indicators.
- Write a note on reforms of Ramalinga Adigal.
Ramalinga Adigal (Vallalar) was a prominent 19th-century saint and reformer from Tamil Nadu. His key reforms include:
- He founded the "Samarasa Suddha Sanmarga Satya Sangam" in 1865, advocating a casteless society.
- He established the "Sathya Dharma Salai" at Vadalur in 1867, a free food kitchen to feed the poor irrespective of caste, which continues to function today.
- Write a short note on Deccan plateau.
The Deccan Plateau is the largest plateau in India, covering most of southern and central India. It is triangular in shape, bounded by the Western Ghats on the west, the Eastern Ghats on the east, and the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges in the north. It is rich in minerals and is covered by black soil (Deccan Traps), which is ideal for cotton cultivation.
- What is 'burst of monsoon'?
The 'burst of monsoon' refers to the sudden onset of the southwest monsoon winds over the Indian subcontinent, typically in the first week of June. This arrival is accompanied by a dramatic increase in rainfall, often with violent thunder and lightning, marking a significant change from the hot and dry pre-monsoon season.
- Define "International trade".
International trade is the exchange of capital, goods, and services across international borders or territories. It involves the import (buying from other countries) and export (selling to other countries) of goods and services. It allows countries to expand their markets and access goods and services that may not be available domestically.
- List out the fundamental rights guaranteed by Indian Constitution.
The six fundamental rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution are:
- Right to Equality
- Right to Freedom
- Right against Exploitation
- Right to Freedom of Religion
- Cultural and Educational Rights
- Right to Constitutional Remedies
- List out any two special powers of the Attorney General of India?
Two special powers of the Attorney General of India are:
- He has the right to speak and take part in the proceedings of both Houses of Parliament or their joint sitting, and any committee of the Parliament of which he may be named a member, but without a right to vote.
- He enjoys all the privileges and immunities that are available to a member of Parliament.
- What do you understand by the "Appellate Jurisdiction" of the High Court?
The "Appellate Jurisdiction" of the High Court refers to its power to hear appeals against the judgments of subordinate courts within its territory. High Courts can hear both civil and criminal appeals. This means a person who is not satisfied with a decision of a lower court can challenge that decision in the High Court.
- Define National Income.
National Income is the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced by a country during a specific period of time, usually one year. It measures the net output of the economy and is a key indicator of a country's economic health. It can be expressed as Gross National Product (GNP) or Net National Product (NNP).
- Write any two positive impact of Globalization.
Two positive impacts of Globalization are:
- Increased Investment and Technology Transfer: It encourages foreign direct investment (FDI), which brings in capital, technology, and management skills, boosting economic growth.
- Greater Consumer Choice: It provides consumers with a wider variety of goods and services from around the world, often at lower prices due to increased competition.
- Write short note on International Highway.
International Highways are roads that connect India with neighboring countries to promote trade and friendly relations. For example, the Asian Highway (AH) network is a project among countries in Asia and Europe to improve their highway systems. These highways facilitate cross-border transportation of goods and people, such as the roads connecting India with Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.
Part - III
III. Answer any 10 questions. Question No.42 is compulsory:- (10×5=50)
- Fill in the blanks
i) The founder of the Social Democratic Party was Ferdinand Lassalle.
ii) The alliance between Italy, Germany and Japan is known as Axis Powers.
iii) The longest Dam in the world is Hirakud Dam (in India).
iv) The first women Governor of Tamilnadu was Fathima Beevi.
v) Secondary sector otherwise called as Industrial sector.
- a) Distinguish between:
Feature Weather Climate Definition The day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere at a particular place and time. The average weather conditions of a large area over a long period of time (typically 30-35 years). Time Span Short-term (hours, days). Long-term (years, decades). Variability Changes frequently and quickly. Relatively stable and changes slowly over long periods. Study Meteorology Climatology Feature Rabi Crop Season Kharif Crop Season Sowing Period Winter (October-December). Onset of Monsoon (June-July). Harvesting Period Summer (April-June). Autumn (September-October). Water Source Irrigation, stored rainwater. Southwest Monsoon rains. Crops Wheat, barley, peas, gram, mustard. Rice, maize, jowar, bajra, cotton, jute.
b) Give Reasons: Rain water harvesting is necessary.Rainwater harvesting is necessary for the following reasons:
- To overcome water scarcity: It helps in conserving water for future use, especially in areas with inadequate water supply.
- To recharge groundwater: It raises the water table by replenishing underground aquifers, which prevents the drying up of wells and borewells.
- To reduce soil erosion and flooding: By collecting rainwater, it reduces surface runoff, which in turn helps in controlling soil erosion and urban flooding.
- To improve water quality: Stored rainwater is generally free from many chemicals found in groundwater and can be used for various domestic purposes.
- To reduce dependency on municipal supply: It makes households and communities more self-sufficient in their water needs.
- Estimate the work done by the League of Nations.
Though the League of Nations ultimately failed in its primary goal of preventing another world war, it achieved some notable successes in non-political fields:
- Dispute Resolution: In its early years, it successfully settled several disputes, such as the Aaland Islands dispute between Sweden and Finland (1921) and preventing war between Greece and Bulgaria (1925).
- Administrative Functions: It successfully administered the Saar region for 15 years and conducted a plebiscite there. It also managed the Free City of Danzig.
- Social and Humanitarian Work: Its agencies did commendable work.
- The International Labour Organisation (ILO) worked to improve labour conditions worldwide.
- The Health Organisation helped in combating diseases like leprosy and malaria.
- It assisted in the resettlement of millions of refugees and prisoners of war after World War I.
- Economic and Financial Committee: It provided financial assistance to countries like Austria and Hungary to help them recover from post-war economic crises.
- Setting a Precedent: The League's structure and ideals provided a blueprint for the United Nations, which succeeded it.
Despite these successes, its inability to stop aggression by major powers like Japan in Manchuria, Italy in Ethiopia, and Germany's expansion ultimately led to its failure.
- Trace the circumstances that led to the rise of Hitler in Germany.
Several circumstances led to Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany:
- Treaty of Versailles (1919): The treaty imposed harsh terms on Germany, including huge war reparations, loss of territory, and the "war guilt clause." This created deep resentment and a desire for revenge among Germans, which Hitler expertly exploited.
- Economic Crisis: The Weimar Republic faced severe economic problems. The Great Depression (1929) was catastrophic, leading to mass unemployment, hyperinflation, and poverty. The Nazi party promised economic stability and jobs, which appealed to the desperate population.
- Political Instability: The Weimar Republic was politically weak and unstable, with frequent changes in government. It was unable to solve the country's problems, leading to a loss of faith in democracy. People longed for a strong, decisive leader.
- Propaganda and Charisma: Hitler was a powerful and charismatic speaker. The Nazi party used sophisticated propaganda techniques, led by Joseph Goebbels, to promote their ideology, blame Jews and Communists for Germany's problems, and present Hitler as the nation's saviour.
- Fear of Communism: The rise of communism in Russia and its growing influence in Germany scared the middle and upper classes, including industrialists. They saw the Nazis as a strong bulwark against the communist threat and supported Hitler financially and politically.
- Discuss the circumstances that led to the Reform movements of 19th century.
The 19th-century reform movements in India arose from a combination of internal social decay and external influences:
- Influence of Western Education and Ideas: The introduction of English education exposed a section of the Indian intelligentsia to Western rationalism, humanism, and scientific thought. This led them to critically evaluate their own society and its customs.
- Role of Christian Missionaries: Christian missionaries actively criticised Hindu social practices like idolatry, the caste system, and sati. While their aim was conversion, their criticism spurred Hindu reformers to address the evils within their own religion and society.
- Degraded Social Conditions: Indian society in the 19th century was plagued by numerous social evils. These included the rigid caste system, untouchability, the practice of Sati, female infanticide, child marriage, and the prohibition of widow remarriage. These practices were seen as obstacles to progress.
- Emergence of a New Middle Class: The new, educated middle class, including figures like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, and Dayananda Saraswathi, felt the need to reform society from within to make it more modern, humane, and progressive.
- Rediscovery of India's Past Glory: Reformers also sought to revive the pure and rational aspects of ancient Indian scriptures (Vedas and Upanishads) to show that the social evils were later corruptions and not part of the original religion. This gave them the confidence to challenge existing customs.
- Give an account on the major peninsular rivers of India.
The major peninsular rivers of India originate in the hills of the peninsular plateau and are rain-fed, making them non-perennial. They are broadly classified into east-flowing and west-flowing rivers.
East-Flowing Rivers (form deltas and drain into the Bay of Bengal):
- Mahanadi: Originates in Chhattisgarh and flows through Odisha. The Hirakud Dam is built across this river.
- Godavari: The longest peninsular river, also known as 'Vridha Ganga'. It originates in Nashik (Maharashtra) and flows through Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
- Krishna: The second-longest peninsular river, originating near Mahabaleshwar (Maharashtra). It flows through Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh.
- Kaveri: Originates at Talakaveri in the Kodagu district of Karnataka. It flows through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and is known as 'Ganga of the South'.
West-Flowing Rivers (form estuaries and drain into the Arabian Sea):
- Narmada: Originates in the Amarkantak Plateau in Madhya Pradesh. It flows westwards through a rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges.
- Tapti (or Tapi): Originates in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. It also flows through a rift valley, parallel to the Narmada but to its south.
- What is Urbanization? Explain its problem.
Urbanization is the process of population shift from rural to urban areas, the corresponding decrease in the proportion of people living in rural areas, and the ways in which societies adapt to this change. It is the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, leading to the growth of cities.
Problems of Urbanization:
- Overcrowding and Housing Shortage: Rapid migration leads to densely populated areas and the growth of slums and squatter settlements, which lack basic amenities like clean water, sanitation, and electricity.
- Strain on Infrastructure: Cities often struggle to provide adequate public services like water supply, sewage disposal, public transport, and electricity to the burgeoning population.
- Unemployment: The number of people seeking jobs in cities often exceeds the number of available jobs, leading to high rates of unemployment and underemployment.
- Environmental Pollution: The high concentration of industries and vehicles leads to severe air, water, and noise pollution, impacting the health of residents.
- Water Scarcity: Over-extraction of groundwater and pollution of water bodies often lead to acute water shortages in urban areas.
- Increased Crime Rates: Social and economic disparities, along with anonymity in cities, can contribute to higher crime rates.
- Explain the salient features of the constitution of India.
The salient features of the Constitution of India are:
- Lengthiest Written Constitution: It is the most detailed and longest written constitution in the world, originally containing 395 articles, 22 parts, and 8 schedules.
- Drawn from Various Sources: It has borrowed many features from the constitutions of other countries, such as parliamentary government from the UK, Fundamental Rights from the USA, and Directive Principles from Ireland.
- Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility: It is neither purely rigid nor purely flexible. Some provisions can be amended by a simple majority, while others require a special majority of the Parliament and ratification by states.
- Federal System with Unitary Bias: It establishes a federal structure with a division of powers between the Centre and States. However, it contains strong unitary features, such as a strong Centre, single citizenship, and an integrated judiciary.
- Parliamentary Form of Government: It provides for a parliamentary system at both the Centre and in the states, where the real executive power lies with the council of ministers responsible to the legislature.
- Fundamental Rights and Duties: It guarantees six fundamental rights to all citizens (Part III) and also lists eleven fundamental duties (Part IV-A).
- Directive Principles of State Policy: Part IV of the Constitution contains guidelines for the state to follow in governance to establish a social and economic democracy.
- Universal Adult Franchise: It provides for the right to vote to all citizens above the age of 18 without any discrimination.
- Critically examine the Powers and Functions of the Parliament.
The Parliament of India is the supreme legislative body. Its powers and functions are extensive and can be examined as follows:
Powers and Functions:
- Legislative Powers: The primary function is law-making. It can legislate on subjects in the Union List and Concurrent List. It can also legislate on the State List under special circumstances.
- Executive Powers (Control over the Executive): The Parliament holds the executive accountable. The Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha. It can remove the government by passing a no-confidence motion. It also exercises control through question hour, adjournment motions, etc.
- Financial Powers: Parliament is the custodian of public money. No tax can be levied or money spent by the government without its approval. The budget is passed by the Parliament, and its committees (like the Public Accounts Committee) scrutinize government spending.
- Constituent Powers: It has the power to amend the Constitution according to the procedure laid down in Article 368.
- Judicial Powers: It has the power to impeach the President and remove judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, the Chief Election Commissioner, and the Comptroller and Auditor General.
- Electoral Powers: It participates in the election of the President and the Vice-President of India.
Critical Examination:
- Strengths: The parliamentary system ensures a responsible government. Its diverse representation makes it a forum for national debate.
- Weaknesses: The dominance of the executive (especially if the ruling party has a large majority) can reduce the Parliament's effectiveness in holding the government accountable. Frequent disruptions and a lack of quality debate can hinder its functioning. The legislative process can sometimes be rushed without adequate scrutiny.
- What are the powers and functions of the Chief Minister?
The Chief Minister is the real executive head of the state government. His powers and functions are:
In Relation to the Council of Ministers:
- Recommends persons to the Governor to be appointed as ministers.
- Allocates and reshuffles portfolios among the ministers.
- Presides over the meetings of the state cabinet and influences its decisions.
- Can ask any minister to resign or advise the Governor to dismiss him in case of a difference of opinion.
In Relation to the Governor:
- Acts as the principal channel of communication between the Governor and the Council of Ministers.
- Advises the Governor with regard to the appointment of important officials like the Advocate General, Chairman and members of the State Public Service Commission, etc.
In Relation to the State Legislature:
- Advises the Governor with regard to summoning and proroguing the sessions of the state legislature.
- Can recommend the dissolution of the Legislative Assembly to the Governor at any time.
- Announces the government policies on the floor of the House.
- What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product and explain it.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within the domestic territory of a country in a year. There are three main methods to calculate it:
- Expenditure Method: This method sums up the total spending on all final goods and services produced within the country. The formula is:
GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)
- C (Consumption): Spending by households on goods and services.
- I (Investment): Spending by businesses on capital goods (machinery, buildings) and inventories.
- G (Government Spending): Spending by the government on goods and services (e.g., defense, infrastructure).
- (X - M) (Net Exports): Exports (X) minus Imports (M).
- Income Method (or Factor Cost Method): This method sums up all the incomes earned by the factors of production (land, labour, capital, enterprise) within the country. It includes wages and salaries, rent, interest, and profits.
GDP = Wages + Rent + Interest + Profit
- Value Added Method (or Production Method): This method sums up the 'value added' at each stage of production. Value added is the value of output minus the value of intermediate goods used in production. This avoids the problem of double-counting.
For example, if a farmer sells wheat for ₹100, a miller grinds it and sells flour for ₹150, and a baker makes bread and sells it for ₹250, the total value added is (₹100 from farmer) + (₹50 from miller) + (₹100 from baker) = ₹250, which is the final value of the bread.
- Expenditure Method: This method sums up the total spending on all final goods and services produced within the country. The formula is:
- Write the challenges of Globalization.
While globalization has many benefits, it also presents significant challenges, especially for developing countries:
- Increased Inequality: The benefits of globalization are not evenly distributed. It can widen the gap between rich and poor countries, and also between the rich and poor within countries. Skilled workers and capital owners often benefit more than unskilled labor.
- Loss of Domestic Industries: Small and medium-sized domestic industries often find it difficult to compete with large multinational corporations (MNCs), leading to their decline and job losses.
- Environmental Degradation: The pursuit of economic growth can lead to the over-exploitation of natural resources. Also, industries may shift to countries with weaker environmental regulations, causing pollution and environmental damage.
- Erosion of Cultural Diversity: The dominance of Western (particularly American) culture through media and consumer goods can threaten local cultures and traditions, a phenomenon sometimes called 'cultural imperialism'.
- Volatility and Economic Instability: Interconnected financial markets mean that an economic crisis in one country can quickly spread across the globe, as seen in the 2008 financial crisis. Developing economies are particularly vulnerable to these shocks.
- Draw a time line for the following: Write any five important events between 1930-1950
Timeline (1930 - 1950)
- 1930: Civil Disobedience Movement begins with the Dandi March.
- 1935: The Government of India Act is passed.
- 1942: Quit India Movement is launched.
- 1947: India achieves Independence.
- 1950: The Constitution of India comes into force, and India becomes a Republic.
- Mark the following places on the World Map.
Locations on the World Map:
- i) Britain: The island nation in Northwest Europe, comprising England, Scotland, and Wales.
- ii) Turkey: A transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe.
- iii) Tokyo: The capital city of Japan, located on the eastern coast of the island of Honshu.
- iv) Moraco (Monaco): A small sovereign city-state on the French Riviera in Western Europe.
- v) Italy: A country in Southern Europe, the boot-shaped peninsula extending into the Mediterranean Sea.
Part - IV
IV. Answer the following questions:- (2×8=16)
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a) Write about the rise of Mussolini in italy.
Rise of Mussolini in Italy
Benito Mussolini's rise to power in Italy was a result of post-World War I disillusionment, economic turmoil, and political instability. The key factors were:
- Post-WWI Discontent: Italy was on the winning side of WWI but felt cheated by the Treaty of Versailles. It did not receive the territorial gains it was promised, leading to a sense of national humiliation. This was termed the "mutilated victory."
- Economic Crisis: The war devastated the Italian economy. There was high inflation, huge national debt, and widespread unemployment. Workers' strikes and peasants' land seizures became common, creating a chaotic environment.
- Fear of Communism: Inspired by the Russian Revolution, socialist and communist movements gained strength in Italy. Industrialists, landowners, and the middle class feared a communist takeover. They sought a strong leader who could crush the left-wing threat.
- Weakness of Democratic Government: The post-war democratic governments were weak, indecisive, and unable to solve the country's pressing problems. This led to a loss of faith in democracy and a desire for an authoritarian ruler.
- Formation of the Fascist Party: Mussolini, a former socialist, founded the Fascist Party in 1919. He was a charismatic orator who appealed to nationalist sentiments. His party promoted an aggressive, anti-communist, and ultra-nationalist ideology.
- Use of Violence - The Blackshirts: Mussolini organized a paramilitary force known as the "Blackshirts." They used violence and intimidation to break up strikes, attack socialists and communists, and create an atmosphere of fear, while presenting themselves as restorers of law and order.
- The March on Rome (October 1922): Mussolini orchestrated the "March on Rome," where thousands of Fascist Blackshirts converged on the capital. Fearing a civil war, King Victor Emmanuel III refused to declare a state of emergency. Instead, he invited Mussolini to form a government. On October 29, 1922, Mussolini was appointed Prime Minister, legally gaining power.
- Consolidation of Power: Once in power, Mussolini systematically dismantled democratic institutions, banned opposition parties, controlled the press, and established a one-party totalitarian dictatorship, taking the title "Il Duce" (The Leader).
[or]
b) Structure and composition of League of Nations.
Structure and Composition of the League of Nations
The League of Nations was an international organization founded after World War I to promote peace and cooperation. Its main structure consisted of several key organs, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
The main components of the League were:
- The Assembly:
- This was the general body of the League, where every member state had one vote.
- It met annually in September.
- Its functions included admitting new members, electing the non-permanent members of the Council, approving the budget, and discussing any matter affecting world peace.
- Decisions had to be unanimous, which often made it difficult to take decisive action.
- The Council:
- This was the executive body of the League, designed to handle specific political disputes.
- It had two types of members:
- Permanent Members: Initially, these were Britain, France, Italy, and Japan. Germany was added in 1926 but left later.
- Non-Permanent Members: These were elected by the Assembly for a three-year term. The number varied over time.
- The Council met more frequently than the Assembly and was the League's primary organ for settling international disputes. Its decisions also required unanimity.
- The Secretariat:
- This was the administrative arm or civil service of the League, headed by a Secretary-General.
- It was responsible for preparing the agenda, publishing reports, and carrying out the decisions of the Assembly and the Council.
- It was a permanent body of international officials who worked for the League, not their home countries.
- The Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ):
- Based at The Hague in the Netherlands, this was the League's judicial organ.
- It consisted of 15 judges from different countries.
- Its role was to settle legal disputes between states and provide advisory opinions to the Council or Assembly. It had no power to enforce its rulings.
- Specialized Agencies and Commissions:
- The League established several commissions and agencies to deal with specific economic and social problems.
- These included the International Labour Organisation (ILO), the Health Organisation, the Mandates Commission (to oversee former colonies), and the Refugee Organisation. These were often the most successful parts of the League's work.
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Mark the following places on the given outline map of India.
Set 1: Locations on India Map
- i) Mt. Everest: Located in the Himalayas, on the border between Nepal and China (Tibet Autonomous Region). It is not within India's borders but is part of the Himalayan range north of India.
- ii) Gulf of Kumbhat (Khambhat): An inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat.
- iii) That desert (Thar Desert): A large arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, covering a large part of Rajasthan.
- iv) Direction of North East Monsoon wind: Show arrows pointing from the northeast direction over the Bay of Bengal towards the southern peninsula, particularly the coast of Tamil Nadu.
- v) Tea growing region (any one): Mark the state of Assam or the Darjeeling region in West Bengal.
- vi) Coal producing region (any one): Mark the Raniganj area in West Bengal or the Jharia region in Jharkhand.
- vii) Cochin (Kochi): A major port city on the Malabar Coast in the state of Kerala.
- viii) Malabar coast: The southwestern coastline of India, stretching from Goa southwards, covering the coasts of Karnataka and Kerala.
[or]
Set 2: Locations on India Map
- i) Mount K2: Located in the Karakoram Range, in the northernmost part of Indian territory (currently in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir).
- ii) Black soild region (Soil): Mark the Deccan Plateau region, covering large parts of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Gujarat.
- iii) Mumbai High: An offshore oilfield located in the Arabian Sea, about 160 km west of the Mumbai coast.
- iv) Palk strait: The strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Jaffna District of the northern province of Sri Lanka.
- v) Gulf of Kutch: An inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat.
- vi) Neyveli: A town in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, famous for its lignite mines and thermal power stations.
- vii) Coromondal Coast: The southeastern coast of the Indian subcontinent, spanning from the Krishna River delta to Kanyakumari, covering the coasts of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
- viii) Rail Route from Chennai to Calcutta (Kolkata): Draw a line along the east coast of India connecting Chennai (Tamil Nadu) and Kolkata (West Bengal), passing through major cities like Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh) and Bhubaneswar (Odisha).
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