Examine whether the following statement pattern is a tautology, a contradiction or a contingency.
(~ q ∧ p) ∧ (p ∧ ~ p)
SOLUTION
| p | q | ~p | ~q | (~q∧p) | (p∧~p) | (~q∧p)∧(p∧~p) |
| T | T | F | F | F | F | F |
| T | F | F | T | T | F | F |
| F | T | T | F | F | F | F |
| F | F | T | T | F | F | F |
All the truth values in the last column are F. Hence, it is a contradiction.
