Wednesday, January 31, 2018
Geography Economics July 2016 Board Paper
Geography Economics July 2016 Board Paper
Q. 1. (A) Complete the following statements by choosing the appropriate alternatives from those given in the brackets and rewrite the sentences in your answer boom: [3]
(1) The wool of ________________ breed of sheep is considered of superior quality. (Chokla, Pungal, Marwari, Malpuri)
(2) Varanasi is famous for ______________ (Cotton sarees, woollen clothes, silk sarees, leather production)
(3) The triangular region to the south of Narmada is known as the ___________ plateau. (Malwa, Bundelkhand, Chota Nagpur, Deccan)
(B) Match the items in Column ‘A’ with those in Column ‘B’: [3]
Column ‘A’
|
Column ‘B’
|
(i) Indira Point
|
(a) Food Processing Industries (ii)
|
(ii) Amritsar
|
(b) Rich in Minerals (iii)
|
(iii) Chota Nagpur Plateau
|
(c) Southernmost tip of India. (i)
|
(d) Lacquerware
|
Q. 2. (A) Give geographical reasons for the following statements. (Any two) [4]
(B) Write short notes on (Any two) [4]
Q. 3. A. With the help of given statistical data prepare a Divided Rectangle Diagram: [2]
Agricultural Production (2010 - 2011)
Crops
|
% (Percentage)
|
Rice
|
43
|
Coarse Cereals
|
20
|
Pulses
|
08
|
Oil - seeds
|
14
|
Cotton
|
15
|
Total
|
100
|
Ans.
(B) Observe the following map and answer the questions given below it. (any two) [2]
Questions:
(1) Name the westward flowing river.
(2) In which direction does river Godavari flow?
(3) Name the plateaus mentioned in the given map.
(4) Name the hills in the Karnataka Plateau.
Ans.
1. River Tapi is the westward flowing river. [1]
2. River Godavari flows from west to east. [1]
3. Maharashtra Plateau, Karnataka Plateau and Telangana Plateau are shown in this map. [1]
4. Nilgiri hills and Shevaroy hills are found in the southern parts of the Karnataka Plateau. [1]
(C) Mark the following in the outline map of India supplied to you. Write the names. Give index (any two) [2]
1. Mumbai Port
2. Palk Strait
3. Sundarbans
4. Aravalli Mountains.
Ans.
Q. 4. Answer the following questions in detail (any two) [8]
Q. 5. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct alternatives from those given in the brackets: [2]
1] In the __________ technique there is more use of machinery than labour. (Capital intensive, labour intensive, traditional)
2] Goods and services are produced and supplied by ________ sector on the basis of ‘No Profit, No Loss’. (joint, private, public)
Q. 6. Answer the following questions in one or two sentences each. (any three) [6]
1] What is meant by Natural Resources? Give examples.
Ans.
1. Natural resources refer to the resources that are freely available in Nature.
2. Land, water, sunshine and forests are some of the natural resources available on the earth.
2] What are the Non - economic effects of inflation?
Ans.
1. Inflation basically widens the gap between the rich and the poor and therefore, creates social friction and conflicts.
2. Due to inflation, some businessmen resort to unethical, unfair and illegal activities such as adulteration, hoarding and quality deterioration, thereby affecting moral values.
3. Inflation also increases the possibility of corruption which is reflected in political uncertainties.
3] What is meant by Public borrowings?
Ans. Public borrowing refers to the borrowing of money by the government from the market, private individuals and firms.
4] What are the main objectives of Consumer Protection Act?
Ans. The Consumer Protection Act (CPA) in India came into force on 1st July, 1987.
The main objectives of the Act are:
(i) Providing better and all - round protection to consumers.
(ii) Making provisions for a simple and speedy redressal of consumers’ grievances.
5] Explain any two benefits of Public Distribution System in India.
Ans. Two of the benefits of the Public Distribution System in India are as follows:
(i) The PDS helps to supply subsidised foodgrains to poor people.
(ii) It also provides employment to fair price shop owners, their employees and other related workers and reduces poverty and economic inequality.
Q. 7. Answer any one of the following questions in five or six sentences. [4]
Irrigation in Punjab - Haryana Plains.
Ans. (i) The alluvial Punjab-Haryana Plain has become prosperous due to tube-wells and canal irrigation. The areas near the rivers are served by canals. The region has a high percentage of area under irrigation.
(ii) However, the western part of Haryana has no river and the sub-soil water in this
part is generally brackish (salty).
iii. In the northern districts of Punjab, particularly Jalandhar and Ludhiana, irrigation
by tube-wells is important.
iv. In Haryana, well irrigation is significant in the districts lying along the right bank
of the Yamuna canal.
Tuesday, January 30, 2018
Explain the monetary measures to control inflation.
Monetary measures of controlling the inflation can be either quantitative or qualitative. Bank rate policy, open market operations and variable reserve ratio are the quantitative measures of credit control, by which inflation can be brought down. Qualitative control measures involve selective credit control measures.
1. Bank rate policy is used as the main instrument of monetary control during the period of inflation. When the central bank raises the bank rate, it is said to have adopted a dear money policy. The increase in bank rate increases the cost of borrowing which reduces commercial banks borrowing from the central bank. Consequently, the flow of money from the commercial banks to the public gets reduced. Therefore, inflation is controlled to the extent it is caused by the bank credit.
2. Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) : To control inflation, the central bank raises the CRR which reduces the lending capacity of the commercial banks. Consequently, flow of money from commercial banks to public decreases. In the process, the rise in prices to the extent it is caused by banks credits to the public.
3. Open Market Operations: Open market operations refer to sale and purchase of government securities and bonds by the central bank. To control inflation,central bank sells the government securities to the public through the banks.This results in transfer of a part of bank deposits to central bank account and reduces credit creation capacity of the commercial banks.
Monday, January 29, 2018
VERBAL TO NON VERBAL OMTEX CLASSES
INFORMATION TRANSFORM
Design a leaflet for a stock clearance sale of shoes.
Observe the following pie chart and prepare a write up of about 100 words describing the causes of ‘Increasing Road Accidents’.
Look at the following graph. It shows the result of S.S.C. Exam of The General English High School. Write a paragraph giving all the information of H.S.C. Results.
Look at the following diagram and write at least three paragraphs on ‘Reasons for the failure of students’. Also write in brief the ways to improve their situations.
The following is the information given in the form of a table. Write two paragraphs of about 70-80 words using the information given below.
Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the enrolment of girls and boys in a school from 1998 to 2002.
Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the enrolment of girls and boys in a school from 1998 to 2002.
TOURIST LEAFLET MAHABALESHWAR.
Tourist Leaflet: Mahabaleshwar
Introduction
A pleasant hill station in the state of Maharashtra, Mahabaleshwar grabs the attention of many tourists. Located in the Western Ghats at an elevation of approximately 1,353 meters, this hill station boasts of extensive jungles and a calm ambiance.
The name 'Mahabaleshwar' is a Sanskrit word that means 'God of Great Power'. The famous Veena Lake also deserves a visit during your Mahabaleshwar tour.
How to Reach
By Air: Pune Airport, located 120km away, is the nearest airport.
By Rail: Wathar has the nearest railway station, about 62km from Mahabaleshwar.
By Road: Many State Transport buses run from Mumbai and Pune. Private taxis are also available.
Accommodation
Mahabaleshwar has no dearth of accommodation options. There are many hotels ranging from deluxe to budget. Other options include tourist lodges, guest houses, and luxury resorts. One can easily choose the one that suits them the best.
Tourist Attractions
There are many mind-blowing places to visit:
- Wilson Point (Sunrise Point): The highest point in Mahabaleshwar, situated above 4,710 ft. It is a vast plateau perfect for watching the sunrise.
- Connaught Peak: The second highest point, presenting spectacular views of a lush green carpet across the landscape.
- Elphinstone Point: Discovered in 1830, it was named after Sir Elphinstone, the then Governor of Bombay.
- Arthur's Seat: Known as the queen of all points, offering ample opportunities to see the deep, barren valleys on both sides.
- Baghdad Point: An impressive point that goes past Moleshwar village on the way. It offers beautiful views of the Koyna dam backwaters and the Solshi river.
Other Attractions
Mahabaleshwar has other popular attractions, which include:
- Marjorie Point
- Castle Rock
- Babington Point
- Northcote Point
- Falkland Point
- Carnac Point
- Fitzgerald Point
- Bombay Point
- Gaolani Point
- Lodwick Point & Boars Head
- The Lamington Plateau
- Panchgani Point
- Helen's Point
- Rosamond Rock
- Water Falls
- Polo Ground
- A Bee Keeping Centre
Shopping
Mahabaleshwar has a very popular shopping place, Da Sabrane Road, which is also known as the Main Street. Honey, strawberries, mulberries, jams, and jellies are good items to buy from here.
Difficult Words & Their Meanings
Here are some words from the text with easy-to-understand meanings:
- Pleasant: Nice, enjoyable, and giving a sense of happiness.
- Grabs the attention: Attracts; makes people notice.
- Elevation: The height of a place above sea level.
- Boasts of: Is proud to have something and talks about it.
- Extensive: Covering a very large area.
- Ambiance: The character, mood, and atmosphere of a place.
- Sanskrit: An ancient, classical language of India.
- Accommodation: A place to live or stay, such as a hotel or guest house.
- Dearth: A lack or shortage of something.
- Deluxe: Very high quality and luxurious.
- Budget: Inexpensive or affordable.
- Mind-blowing: Extremely impressive and exciting.
- Plateau: A large area of flat land that is high above the ground.
- Spectacular: Amazing, impressive, or beautiful to look at.
- Ample: More than enough; plentiful.
- Barren: A place where plants cannot grow well; empty.
- Impressive: Causing a feeling of admiration because it is of a high standard, large, or skillful.
- Backwaters: The part of a river where the water moves very slowly or not at all.
- Mulberries: Small, soft, sweet fruits that grow on trees.
Sunday, January 28, 2018
Top 20 Speech Writing Topics with Solutions for Board Exam 2026
Speech Writing for Board & Public Exams 2026
Format & Pedagogical Guide
Welcome to your comprehensive preparation guide for the 2026 Board Exams. Speech writing tests your ability to express opinions coherently in public.
The Standard Format:
(i) Salutation: Address the audience (e.g., Respected Principal, Teachers, and friends).
(ii) Introduction: Introduce yourself and the topic.
(iii) Body: Causes, effects, current scenario, and data.
(iv) Conclusion: Suggestions, solutions, and a call to action.
(v) Gratitude: Thank the audience.
Note: Below are 20 fully solved examples followed by 10 practice questions with hints to stimulate your thinking.
Section 1: 20 Solved Examples
1. The Importance of Discipline in Student Life
Respected Principal, worthy teachers, and my dear friends,
A very good morning to all. Today, I stand before you to express my views on "The Importance of Discipline in Student Life."
Discipline is not just about following rules; it is the bridge between goals and accomplishment. In student life, discipline acts as the foundation of success. It teaches us punctuality, respect for others, and the value of time. A disciplined student is able to manage their studies, sports, and extracurricular activities efficiently without feeling overwhelmed.
Without discipline, our life becomes chaotic. We procrastinate, pile up work, and eventually face stress. Nature itself follows a discipline—the sun rises on time, and seasons change in order. We must learn from this.
Let us pledge today to incorporate discipline into our daily routine to build a bright future.
Thank you.
2. Hazards of Plastic Usage
Honorable Judges, Teachers, and fellow students,
Good morning. Today, I wish to highlight a pressing environmental issue: "The Hazards of Plastic Usage."
Plastic has invaded every corner of our lives, from bags to bottles. However, this convenience comes at a terrible cost. Plastic is non-biodegradable, meaning it stays on Earth for hundreds of years. It chokes our drains, pollutes our rivers, and kills marine life that mistakes it for food. Burning plastic releases toxic fumes that damage the ozone layer and harm our lungs.
The solution lies in the 3 Rs: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. We must switch to cloth bags and steel bottles. Let us say no to single-use plastics today to save our planet for tomorrow.
Thank you.
3. Importance of Yoga and Meditation
Respected Teachers and dear friends,
Good morning. I am here to speak on "The Importance of Yoga and Meditation for Youth."
In today's fast-paced world, students face immense pressure and stress. This is where Yoga acts as a savior. Yoga is not merely exercise; it is the union of the body, mind, and soul. Regular practice of asanas improves physical flexibility and immunity. Furthermore, meditation enhances concentration, reduces anxiety, and brings mental clarity, which is crucial for academic success.
International Yoga Day has reminded the world of this ancient Indian treasure. Let us not wait for an illness to start valuing our health. Dedicating just 20 minutes a day to Yoga can transform our lives positively.
Thank you.
4. Road Safety: Need of the Hour
Respected Principal and friends,
Good morning. Today, I want to draw your attention to a vital topic: "Road Safety."
Every day, we read headlines about tragic road accidents claiming young lives. Most of these are preventable. The primary causes are speeding, ignoring traffic signals, and using mobile phones while driving. For students, the thrill of speed often overtakes the value of life. We must realize that traffic rules are designed for our safety, not to restrict us.
As responsible citizens, we must wear helmets, use seatbelts, and use zebra crossings. Remember, it is better to be late than never to arrive. Let us drive safe and stay safe.
Thank you.
5. The Impact of Social Media on Youth
Good morning everyone,
I am here to share my views on "The Impact of Social Media on Youth."
Social media is a double-edged sword. On one side, it connects us with the world, provides information, and aids learning. On the other hand, it has become a major distraction. Students spend hours scrolling through feeds, affecting their sleep and grades. Cyberbullying and the pressure to maintain a fake "perfect" image lead to mental health issues like depression and anxiety.
Technology should be a tool we use, not a tool that uses us. We must set time limits and prioritize real-life interactions over virtual likes. Let us use social media wisely and constructively.
Thank you.
6. Girl Child Education
Respected audience,
Good morning. Today, I stand for a cause that can change the nation: "Girl Child Education."
An African proverb says, "If you educate a man, you educate an individual. If you educate a woman, you educate a nation." Yet, many girls are denied education due to poverty or social bias. An educated girl grows up to be an empowered woman who contributes to the economy, ensures the health of her family, and raises enlightened children.
Government initiatives like 'Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao' are steps in the right direction, but societal mindset must change. Let us pledge to support the education of every girl child around us.
Thank you.
7. Clean India Mission (Swachh Bharat)
Respected Principal and dear friends,
Good morning. I am here to speak on the "Clean India Mission."
Cleanliness is next to Godliness. The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is not just a government program; it is a civic duty. A dirty environment breeds diseases like dengue and malaria. Littering public places reflects poorly on our national character.
We, the students, are the torchbearers of this mission. We must stop littering, segregate waste into wet and dry bins, and educate our neighbors. A clean India leads to a healthy and prosperous India. Let us pick up the broom, not just to clean, but to set an example.
Thank you.
8. Water Conservation: Every Drop Counts
Good morning teachers and friends,
Water is the essence of life, yet we take it for granted. Today, I will speak on "Water Conservation."
While 70% of the Earth is water, only a tiny fraction is drinkable. With climate change and population growth, water scarcity is becoming a reality. We see people walking miles for a pot of water, while in cities, taps run unnecessarily while brushing teeth or washing cars.
We must adopt rainwater harvesting and fix leaking taps immediately. Small steps like using a bucket instead of a shower can save hundreds of liters. Let us save water today so that we don't crave it tomorrow.
Thank you.
9. Health is Wealth
Respected Assembly,
Good morning. The topic of my speech today is the age-old adage: "Health is Wealth."
We often chase material success, forgetting that without health, wealth is useless. Modern lifestyles, characterized by junk food and lack of physical activity, have led to a rise in obesity and heart diseases even among the youth. True health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being.
To maintain health, we need a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep. We must prioritize home-cooked food over fast food. Let us invest in our health today to enjoy the dividends of a happy life later.
Thank you.
10. Kindness: The Universal Language
Good morning to one and all,
I am here to talk about a virtue that costs nothing but means everything: "Kindness."
In a world where you can be anything, be kind. Kindness is not just about big donations; it is about small acts—helping a blind person cross the road, sharing lunch with a friend, or speaking politely. Kindness reduces stress and creates a ripple effect of happiness. It bridges the gap between strangers and heals wounds.
Let us make kindness a habit, not an occasional act. As we step out today, let us try to bring a smile to at least one person's face.
Thank you.
11. Online vs. Offline Education
Respected teachers and friends,
Good morning. Today, I will discuss a very relevant topic: "Online vs. Offline Education."
The pandemic introduced us to online classes, bringing education to our screens. It offers flexibility and saves travel time. However, it lacks the personal touch of a classroom. Offline education fosters discipline, social skills, and peer learning. The bond between a teacher and student is stronger when they interact face-to-face.
While technology is a great supplement, it cannot replace the holistic environment of a school. A blended approach, using digital tools within traditional classrooms, is the future of education.
Thank you.
12. Cruelty Towards Animals
Good morning everyone,
Animals are voiceless, but their pain is as real as ours. I stand here to speak against "Cruelty Towards Animals."
It is heartbreaking to see stray dogs being stoned or animals kept in cages for entertainment. Mahatma Gandhi said, "The greatness of a nation can be judged by the way its animals are treated." Animals have an equal right to coexist on this planet. Destroying forests for urbanization is also a form of cruelty as it renders them homeless.
We must report animal abuse, support shelters, and adopt strays instead of buying pets. Let us be the voice for the voiceless.
Thank you.
13. The Value of Time Management
Respected Principal and friends,
Good morning. I wish to share my thoughts on "The Value of Time Management."
Time is the only resource that is non-renewable. Once lost, it never returns. Successful people are not those who have more time, but those who use their 24 hours wisely. Time management reduces stress and increases productivity. For students, creating a timetable and prioritizing tasks is essential to avoid last-minute exam pressure.
Let us overcome procrastination. Remember, time and tide wait for no man. Start valuing every minute, and success will follow.
Thank you.
14. Drug Abuse: A Threat to Youth
Respected Teachers and fellow students,
I am here to speak on a grave issue: "Drug Abuse."
Youth is the backbone of a nation, but drugs are weakening this backbone. Peer pressure, stress, and curiosity often lead teenagers into this trap. What starts as fun quickly becomes a fatal addiction, destroying physical health, mental stability, and family relationships.
We must learn to say "NO" firmly. If we face problems, we should talk to parents or counselors rather than seeking escape in drugs. Let us pledge to keep our bodies and minds pure.
Thank you.
15. My Mother: My Inspiration
Good morning everyone,
Today, I want to talk about the most important person in my life: "My Mother."
God could not be everywhere, so he created mothers. My mother is not just a parent; she is my first teacher and best friend. She works tirelessly from dawn to dusk without expecting anything in return. Her love is unconditional. She teaches me values, supports me in failure, and celebrates my success.
We often forget to acknowledge her sacrifices. Let us respect and love our parents every day, not just on Mother's Day. Making her proud is my ultimate goal.
Thank you.
16. The Importance of Reading
Respected audience,
Good morning. I am here to emphasize "The Importance of Reading."
Books are our best friends. In the age of short videos, the habit of reading is declining. However, reading improves vocabulary, imagination, and focus. Whether it is fiction, biography, or science, every book opens a new window to the world. It allows us to travel without moving.
Let us replace some screen time with reading time. A reader lives a thousand lives before he dies. Let us visit the library and pick up a book today.
Thank you.
17. Pollution: A Silent Killer
Good morning teachers and friends,
I stand here to express my concern regarding "Pollution."
Our air, water, and soil are being poisoned by human activities. Vehicles, factories, and burning waste are turning the air toxic. This leads to respiratory diseases and global warming. We are destroying the very environment that sustains us.
The time for blame games is over. We must act. Planting trees, using public transport, and reducing waste are small steps with big impacts. Let us heal the earth before it is too late.
Thank you.
18. Unity in Diversity
Respected Principal and friends,
Good morning. Today, I celebrate the spirit of India with the topic "Unity in Diversity."
India is a land of many languages, religions, and cultures, yet we stand as one nation. This diversity is our strength, not our weakness. It teaches us tolerance and acceptance. When we cheer for the Indian cricket team or celebrate festivals like Diwali and Eid, we forget our differences.
We must guard this unity against those who try to divide us. United we stand, divided we fall. Let us take pride in being Indian first.
Thank you.
19. The Role of Youth in Nation Building
Honorable Judges and friends,
Good morning. I am here to speak on "The Role of Youth in Nation Building."
The youth are not just the future; they are the present. With energy and innovation, young people can drive change. However, this energy must be channelized positively. We must fight corruption, illiteracy, and social evils. We must excel in education and contribute to the economy.
Let us not just complain about the system but become the part of the solution. The power to transform India lies in our hands.
Thank you.
20. Junk Food vs. Healthy Food
Good morning everyone,
Today, I will discuss a choice we make every day: "Junk Food vs. Healthy Food."
Junk food tastes great but offers zero nutrition. It is high in salt, sugar, and bad fats, leading to lethargy and obesity. On the contrary, healthy food—fruits, vegetables, and grains—provides the fuel our body needs to grow and fight diseases.
We are what we eat. A healthy diet leads to a sharp mind and an active body. Let us reduce our intake of burgers and chips and fall in love with home-cooked meals.
Thank you.
Section 2: 10 Practice Topics with Guidance
Pedagogical Note: Below are 10 topics for you to practice. Instead of full answers, I have provided "Key Hints." Read the topic, think about the points provided, and try to draft the speech yourself.
1. Global Warming: A Warning Bell
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) Define Global Warming (rise in Earth's temperature).
(ii) Causes: Greenhouse gases, deforestation, industrial smoke.
(iii) Effects: Melting glaciers, rising sea levels, extreme weather.
(iv) Solution: Afforestation, renewable energy.
2. Women Empowerment
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) Meaning: Giving women equal rights and opportunities.
(ii) Current status: Improvements seen, but safety remains a concern.
(iii) Importance: Economic growth, social balance.
(iv) Call to Action: Equal pay, respect, and education for women.
3. Impact of OTT Platforms on Students
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) Intro: Rise of Netflix, Amazon Prime, etc.
(ii) Pros: Entertainment, exposure to world cinema.
(iii) Cons: Binge-watching, lack of sleep, exposure to mature content.
(iv) Conclusion: Moderation is key.
4. Importance of Sports in Education
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy."
(ii) Physical benefits: Fitness, growth.
(iii) Character building: Teamwork, leadership, handling failure.
(iv) Conclusion: Sports should be compulsory.
5. Child Labour: A Blot on Humanity
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) Definition: Children forced to work instead of studying.
(ii) Causes: Poverty, lack of schools.
(iii) Impact: Loss of childhood, health issues, illiteracy cycle.
(iv) Solution: Strict laws, reporting cases, supporting NGOs.
6. Dependence on Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) AI is everywhere (Siri, ChatGPT, Automation).
(ii) Benefits: Speed, accuracy, medical advancements.
(iii) Risks: Job loss, loss of human creativity, laziness.
(iv) View: AI should assist humans, not replace them.
7. The Need for Mental Health Awareness
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) Stigma: People hesitate to talk about depression/anxiety.
(ii) Signs: Isolation, mood swings.
(iii) Action: Listen to friends, seek professional help, be empathetic.
(iv) Slogan: "It's okay not to be okay."
8. Tourism in India
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) Incredible India: Heritage, nature, culture.
(ii) Economic benefit: Jobs for locals, foreign exchange.
(iii) Responsibility: Tourists must respect local culture and not litter.
(iv) Conclusion: Promote "Atithi Devo Bhava."
9. Saving Electricity
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) Electricity is generated using limited resources (Coal).
(ii) Wastage: Lights on in empty rooms, inefficient appliances.
(iii) Tips: Use LEDs, switch off when not in use, solar energy.
(iv) Quote: "Energy saved is energy generated."
10. Cyber Safety
Guidance / Key Points:
(i) The digital world has risks (hacking, phishing).
(ii) Safety rules: Strong passwords, not sharing OTPs, privacy settings.
(iii) Dangers of talking to strangers online.
(iv) Conclusion: Be a smart digital citizen.
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