10th Social Science - Second Mid Term Test 2024
Complete Solved Question Paper
Part - I
I Choose the correct answer: (7×1=7)
1) Who issued the Tiruchirappalli proclamation of independence?
2) In which session of the Indian National Congress was non cooperation approved?
3) When did the Vellore revolt breakout?
4) The highest peak in Tamilnadu is __________
5) The district which has the largest forest cover in Tamilnadu is __________
6) The Panchsheel treaty has been signed between __________
7) In India taxes are including __________
Part - II
II Answer the questions briefly write any five of them:- (5×2=10)
8) What was the significance of the battle of Kalakkadu? [pgno: 64]
Click to see the Answer
The Battle of Kalakkadu holds significance for the following reasons:
- Mahfuzkhan, the brother of the Nawab of Arcot, was sent by the British with a contingent of the company army to challenge Puli Thevar.
- Puli Thevar's forces, combined with a strong contingent of 2,000 soldiers from Travancore, defeated Mahfuzkhan's army at Kalakkadu.
- This was a significant early victory for an Indian ruler against the combined forces of the Nawab and the British, boosting the morale of the local chieftains.
9) Name the territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse. [pgno: 78]
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The territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse were:
- Satara (1848)
- Sambalpur (1849)
- Udaipur (1852)
- Nagpur (1853)
- Jhansi (1854)
10) Describe the Jallianwala Bagh massacre? [pgno: 91]
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On 13 April 1919, a large, peaceful crowd gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar to protest against the Rowlatt Act and the arrest of their leaders, Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal. The Bagh was enclosed on all sides with only one narrow entrance. General Dyer, a British military officer, surrounded the Bagh with his troops, blocked the only exit, and ordered them to open fire on the unarmed crowd without any warning. The firing continued for about 10 minutes until the ammunition was exhausted, resulting in the death of hundreds of men, women, and children and injuring thousands more.
11) What is poorna Swaraj? [pgno: 96]
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Poorna Swaraj means "complete independence" or "complete self-rule." The resolution for Poorna Swaraj was passed by the Indian National Congress at its Lahore session in December 1929. Following this resolution, it was decided to celebrate January 26, 1930, as Poorna Swaraj Day (Independence Day), and a pledge was taken by people all over the country to fight for complete independence from British rule.
12) State the boundaries of Tamilnadu. [pgno: 201]
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The boundaries of Tamil Nadu are:
- East: Bay of Bengal
- West: Kerala
- North: Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
- South: Indian Ocean
13) Define: Disaster Risk Reduction. [pgno: 211]
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Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is the concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyze and manage the causal factors of disasters. This includes reducing exposure to hazards, lessening the vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the environment, and improving preparedness for adverse events. It aims to prevent new and reduce existing disaster risk and manage residual risk, all of which contribute to strengthening resilience and therefore to the achievement of sustainable development.
14) List any four guiding principles of Panchasheel. [pgno: 270]
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The five principles of the Panchsheel Agreement are:
- Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
- Mutual non-aggression.
- Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs.
- Equality and mutual benefit.
- Peaceful co-existence.
15) What is progressive tax? [pgno: 324]
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A progressive tax is a tax in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases. In this system, taxpayers with higher incomes or more wealth pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes compared to those with lower incomes. The principle behind it is that those who can afford to pay more should contribute a larger share to the government's revenue. The income tax in India is an example of a progressive tax.
Part - III
III Answer in detail write any four of them:- (4×5=20)
16) Account for the outbreak of Vellore revolt in 1806. [pgno: 67]
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The Vellore Revolt of 1806 was a significant early uprising against the British East India Company. The primary causes for its outbreak were:
- Grievances of Indian Sepoys: The Indian sepoys nursed a strong sense of resentment over their low salaries and poor prospects for promotion compared to their British counterparts.
- New Military Regulations: In 1806, Sir John Cradock, the Commander-in-Chief, introduced new military regulations that were seen as a direct attack on the sepoys' religious and social customs. These included:
- The New Turban: The sepoys were ordered to wear a new turban (known as the 'agnis' turban) which had a leather cockade made of animal skin. This was offensive to both Hindu and Muslim sepoys.
- Prohibition of Religious Marks: Hindu sepoys were forbidden from wearing religious marks on their foreheads, and Muslim sepoys were required to shave their beards and trim their moustaches. This was perceived as an attempt to Christianize them.
- Presence of Tipu's Family: After the fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Tipu Sultan's sons and his family were imprisoned in the Vellore Fort. Their presence served as a rallying point for the rebels who aimed to restore their rule.
- Course of the Revolt: On 10th July 1806, in the early hours, the sepoys of the 1st and 23rd regiments started the revolt. They killed Colonel Fancourt, the commander of the garrison, and about 13 other British officers. They hoisted the flag of the Mysore Sultanate over the fort and declared Tipu's son, Fateh Hyder, as their new ruler.
- Suppression and Consequences: The revolt was swiftly and brutally crushed by Colonel Gillespie from Arcot. The uprising was suppressed within a day, but it sent shockwaves through the British administration. The controversial military regulations were withdrawn, and the responsible officers, including Governor William Bentinck, were recalled to England. The event is often considered a precursor to the Great Revolt of 1857.
17) Discuss the causes of the revolt of 1857. [pgno: 78]
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The Revolt of 1857 was a culmination of various grievances against British rule. The main causes can be categorized as follows:
- Political Causes:
- Doctrine of Lapse: Lord Dalhousie's policy of annexing states like Satara, Nagpur, and Jhansi if a ruler died without a natural heir caused widespread discontent among the Indian rulers.
- Subsidiary Alliance: This policy effectively stripped Indian rulers of their sovereignty, making them puppets in the hands of the British.
- Annexation of Awadh: The annexation of Awadh in 1856 on the grounds of misgovernance was deeply resented, as the Nawab was a loyal ally of the British. This angered the sepoys, many of whom came from Awadh.
- Economic Causes:
- Exploitative Land Revenue Policies: The Permanent Settlement, Ryotwari, and Mahalwari systems led to high taxation, impoverished the peasantry, and resulted in frequent land confiscations.
- De-industrialization: British policies destroyed traditional Indian industries like textiles. India was reduced to a supplier of raw materials and a market for British finished goods, leading to widespread unemployment among artisans.
- Socio-Religious Causes:
- Racial Discrimination: The British maintained a policy of racial superiority and treated Indians with contempt.
- Interference in Social Customs: Reforms like the abolition of Sati, the Widow Remarriage Act, and the promotion of Western education were seen by orthodox Indians as an attack on their culture and religion.
- Activities of Christian Missionaries: The activities of missionaries and the fear of forced conversion to Christianity created suspicion and alarm.
- Military Causes:
- Discrimination: Indian sepoys were paid less, had poor promotion prospects, and were treated as inferior by British officers.
- General Service Enlistment Act (1856): This act required sepoys to serve overseas if ordered, which was against the religious beliefs of many Hindus who considered crossing the sea a sin.
- Immediate Cause - The Enfield Rifle: The introduction of the new Enfield rifle, whose cartridges were greased with the fat of cows and pigs, was the immediate trigger. To load the rifle, sepoys had to bite off the end of the cartridge, which was offensive to both Hindus and Muslims. This acted as the spark that ignited the revolt.
18) Mark the important places centres on the India outline map. [Places: Meerut, Kanpur, Barrackpore, Jhansi, Gwalior]
Click to see the Locations
These places were important centres of the Revolt of 1857. Here are their locations for marking on an India map:
- Meerut: Located in western Uttar Pradesh, northeast of Delhi. It's the city where the revolt officially began.
- Kanpur: A major city in central Uttar Pradesh, located on the southern bank of the river Ganga. It was the site of a major siege during the revolt.
- Barrackpore: Located in West Bengal, just north of Kolkata, on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River. It's where Mangal Pandey's protest took place.
- Jhansi: Located in the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh, near the border with Madhya Pradesh. It was the kingdom of Rani Lakshmibai.
- Gwalior: A major city in northern Madhya Pradesh, south of Agra. Rani Lakshmibai fought and died here.
19) Write an account on river Kaveri. [pgno: 206]
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The river Kaveri is one of the major rivers of peninsular India and is considered sacred by many. It is often called the 'Ganges of the South'.
- Origin: The river Kaveri originates at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri hills of the Kodagu (Coorg) district in Karnataka.
- Course and Length: It flows for a length of about 800 km in a southeasterly direction across the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
- Tributaries: Its major tributaries include Harangi, Hemavati, Kabini, Bhavani, Arkavathy, Noyyal, and Amaravati.
- Waterfalls: The river forms two islands, Srirangapatna and Sivasamudram, in Karnataka. At Sivasamudram, it cascades down as a spectacular waterfall. In Tamil Nadu, it forms the Hogenakkal waterfalls.
- Dams and Irrigation: The Kaveri is crucial for irrigation and agriculture in the region. The major dams built on it are the Krishnaraja Sagara (KRS) dam in Karnataka and the Mettur Dam (also known as Stanley Reservoir) in Tamil Nadu. The Grand Anicut (Kallanai), an ancient dam built by Karikala Chola, is also on this river.
- Delta: In Tamil Nadu, the river branches out into a wide and fertile delta, often called the "Garden of Southern India," which is a major rice-producing region. It splits into numerous distributaries before reaching the sea. The northernmost branch is the Coleroon (Kollidam).
21) Write a detailed note on Non-alignment. [pgno: 270]
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Non-Alignment is a foreign policy of a state which dictates that it will not formally align with or against any major power bloc. It emerged as a concept during the Cold War era.
- Meaning: The term "Non-Alignment" means the refusal of a nation to align itself with one of the two major power blocs – the USA (capitalist bloc) and the USSR (communist bloc) – that dominated world politics after World War II. It advocates for an independent and neutral foreign policy.
- Founders: The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was largely the brainchild of leaders of newly independent nations. Its founding fathers were:
- Jawaharlal Nehru of India
- Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt
- Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia
- Sukarno of Indonesia
- Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana
- Principles and Objectives: The core principles of Non-Alignment are based on the Panchsheel principles. The main objectives were:
- To maintain national independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity.
- To oppose colonialism, imperialism, and racism.
- To work for world peace and disarmament.
- To promote peaceful co-existence among nations with different political and social systems.
- To advocate for a more equitable international economic order.
- First Summit and Relevance: The first summit of the Non-Aligned Movement was held in Belgrade in 1961. NAM provided a platform for developing countries to voice their concerns on the world stage without being drawn into the ideological conflicts of the Cold War. Even after the end of the Cold War, NAM continues to be relevant as it addresses contemporary issues like terrorism, climate change, poverty, and global economic inequality.
Part - IV
IV Answer in detail write any one:- (1×8=8)
24) Attempt an essay of the heroic fight Veerapandiya Kattabomman conducted against the East India company. [pgno: 66] [or] Examine the factors that led to the transformation of Gandhi into a mass leader. [pgno: 90]
Click to see the Answer (Veerapandiya Kattabomman)
The Heroic Fight of Veerapandiya Kattabomman
Veerapandiya Kattabomman, the Palayakkarar (Poligar) of Panchalankurichi, was one of the earliest and most valiant rulers in Tamil Nadu to oppose the British East India Company's quest for dominance. His resistance marked a significant chapter in the history of the freedom struggle in South India.
Refusal to Accept British Sovereignty:
After the Nawab of Arcot ceded the right to collect taxes to the British, the company demanded tribute from the Palayakkarars. Kattabomman, who ruled a prosperous territory, refused to pay taxes and accept British suzerainty, viewing it as an infringement on his independence.
Confrontation with Collector Jackson:
Collector Jackson, an arrogant British official, ordered Kattabomman to meet him in Ramanathapuram in 1798. Despite being made to wait for hours and facing humiliation, Kattabomman stood firm. When an attempt was made to arrest him, a clash erupted in which the British Lieutenant, Clarke, was killed. Kattabomman managed to escape, but his minister, Sivasubramanianar, was captured.
Formation of the South Indian Confederacy:
Realizing the need for a united front, Kattabomman tried to form a confederacy of Palayakkarars to resist the British. He established contacts with the Marudhu brothers of Sivagangai and other neighboring chieftains, forming a powerful alliance against the company.
The Siege of Panchalankurichi:
In 1799, the British, under Major Bannerman, sent a large army to crush Kattabomman. They laid siege to his fort at Panchalankurichi. Despite a heroic defense, Kattabomman's forces were outnumbered and outgunned. To avoid capture and regroup, he escaped from the fort and took refuge in the forests of Pudukottai.
Betrayal and Execution:
The British placed a bounty on his head. Betrayed by Ettappan, the Raja of Ettayapuram, and the Raja of Pudukottai, Kattabomman was eventually captured. He was subjected to a mock trial and sentenced to death. On October 16, 1799, Veerapandiya Kattabomman was publicly hanged from a tamarind tree at Kayathar. His execution was intended to terrorize other Palayakkarars into submission. However, his courage, defiance, and ultimate sacrifice made him a legendary hero and an inspiration for future generations of freedom fighters.
Click to see the Answer (Transformation of Gandhi)
Transformation of Gandhi into a Mass Leader
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's transformation into a 'Mahatma' and a mass leader was a gradual process, shaped by his experiences in South Africa and his unique approach to the Indian freedom struggle. Several factors contributed to this transformation.
1. Experiences in South Africa:
Gandhi's time in South Africa was his political training ground. He faced firsthand the humiliation of racial discrimination, which awakened his consciousness. It was here that he developed his unique political weapon of Satyagraha (truth force or non-violent resistance) to fight against the unjust laws imposed on the Indian community. His successful campaigns in South Africa earned him a reputation as a champion of the oppressed.
2. Early Satyagrahas in India:
Upon returning to India in 1915, Gandhi did not immediately join mainstream politics. Instead, he traveled across the country to understand the ground realities. He then launched three successful local Satyagrahas:
- Champaran Satyagraha (1917): He fought for the rights of indigo farmers against oppressive British planters.
- Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918): He supported the cause of textile mill workers, using the method of a hunger strike for the first time.
- Kheda Satyagraha (1918): He organized peasants to demand remission of taxes due to crop failure.
3. Identification with the Masses:
Gandhi consciously adopted a lifestyle that resonated with the poor and rural population of India. He abandoned Western attire for a simple dhoti and shawl, spoke in the language of the common people, and used simple symbols like the 'charkha' (spinning wheel) to connect with them. This made him approachable and earned him the title 'Mahatma' (Great Soul).
4. The Rowlatt Satyagraha (1919):
His call for a nationwide hartal (strike) against the repressive Rowlatt Act was his first major all-India campaign. It demonstrated his ability to mobilize people across different regions and communities, transforming the nationalist movement from an elite-dominated affair into a mass movement.
5. The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22):
This was the true turning point. By combining the Khilafat issue with the demand for Swaraj, he successfully united Hindus and Muslims. He gave a clear program of action—boycott of British goods, courts, and educational institutions—that involved every section of society: peasants, workers, students, and women. His emphasis on non-violence (Ahimsa) gave the movement a moral high ground and allowed for widespread participation without fear of violent repercussions.
Part - V
Mark the important places in the outline map:- (10×½=5)
25) Mark the important places in the outline map (India):
Click to see the Locations
- Kaveri: A river originating in Karnataka and flowing through Tamil Nadu to the Bay of Bengal.
- Alluvial Soil: The vast plains of Northern India (Indo-Gangetic Plain) covering Punjab, Haryana, UP, Bihar, and West Bengal.
- Dotta petta (Doddabetta): The highest peak in the Nilgiri Hills, located in Tamil Nadu.
- An important multipurpose river valley project: Bhakra-Nangal Dam on the Sutlej River (Punjab/Himachal Pradesh border).
- International airport: Chennai International Airport (in Tamil Nadu) or Indira Gandhi International Airport (in Delhi).
- Mangrove forest: The Sundarbans delta in West Bengal.
- Rubber cultivation region: The state of Kerala.
- Bird sanctuary: Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu.
- Vembanadu lake: A large lake located in Kerala.
- Eastern Ghats: The discontinuous range of mountains along India's eastern coast.
[or] Mark the important places in the outline map (Tamil Nadu):
Click to see the Locations
- Chennai: The capital city, located on the northeastern coast.
- Cuddalore: A coastal district south of Puducherry.
- Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari): The southernmost tip of the Indian mainland.
- Nilgiri: A mountainous district in the northwestern part of the state, bordering Kerala and Karnataka.
- Vaigai: A river that flows through Madurai.
- Mettur: The location of the Mettur Dam on the Kaveri River in Salem district.
- Mullai Periyar dam: Located in Kerala, but its waters are diverted to Tamil Nadu. Mark it on the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border region (western side of TN map).
- Kanchipuram: A major temple town located west of Chennai.
- Trichy: A major city in the central part of Tamil Nadu, on the banks of the Kaveri.
- Vellore: A city in the northeastern part of the state.