10th Social Science - Second Mid Term Test 2024
Complete Question Paper with Solutions
Part - I
7x1=7I Choose the correct answer:
1) Who issued the Tiruchirappalli proclamation of independence?
a) Marudhu brothers
2) In which session of the Indian National Congress was non cooperation approved
d) Nagpur
3) When did the Vellore revolt breakout?
c) 10th July 1806
4) The highest peak in Tamilnadu is _________
b) Dotta Betta (It is the highest peak located entirely within Tamil Nadu. Aanai mudi is the highest in the Western Ghats but is on the Kerala-TN border).
5) The district which has the largest forest cover in Tamilnadu is _________
a) Dharmapuri
6) The Panchsheel treaty has been signed between _________
c) Indian and China
7) In India taxes are including _________
c) both a and b
Part - II
5x2=10II Answer the questions briefly write any five of them:-
8) What was the significance of the battle of Kalakkadu?
The Battle of Kalakkadu is significant as it was one of the earliest instances of a decisive victory of an Indian ruler against the British and their allies.
- Puli Thevar fought against Mahfuz Khan, the brother of the Nawab of Arcot, who was supported by the British.
- Despite the British support, Puli Thevar's forces defeated Mahfuz Khan's army. This victory enhanced Puli Thevar's prestige and inspired other Palayakkarars to resist the British.
9) Name the territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse.
The territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse, introduced by Lord Dalhousie, include:
- Satara (1848)
- Jaipur and Sambalpur (1849)
- Baghat (1850)
- Udaipur (1852)
- Jhansi (1853)
- Nagpur (1854)
10) Describe the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was a tragic event that took place on 13th April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab.
- A large, peaceful crowd had gathered at Jallianwala Bagh to protest against the arrest of their leaders, Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satyapal, under the repressive Rowlatt Act.
- General Dyer, a British officer, blocked the only exit of the park and ordered his troops to fire on the unarmed crowd without any warning.
- The firing continued for about 10 minutes, resulting in the death of hundreds of men, women, and children and injuring thousands. This brutal act shocked the entire nation and intensified the freedom struggle.
11) What is poorna Swaraj?
Poorna Swaraj means "complete independence" or "complete self-rule," free from any form of British colonial rule. The declaration for Poorna Swaraj was made during the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in December 1929, presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru. It was decided that 26th January 1930 would be celebrated as Poorna Swaraj Day (Independence Day).
12) State the boundaries of Tamilnadu.
The boundaries of Tamil Nadu are:
- East: Bay of Bengal
- West: Kerala
- North: Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
- South: Indian Ocean
13) Define: Disaster Risk Reduction.
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing, and reducing the risks of disasters. It aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disasters as well as deal with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them. It involves activities related to prevention, mitigation, and preparedness to minimize the impact of disasters.
14) List any four guiding principles of Panchasheel.
The five principles of the Panchsheel Agreement are:
- Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
- Mutual non-aggression.
- Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs.
- Equality and mutual benefit.
- Peaceful co-existence.
15) What is progressive tax?
A progressive tax is a type of tax where the tax rate increases as the taxable amount or income of the individual or entity increases. This means that people with higher incomes pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes than those with lower incomes. The main objective is to reduce the tax burden on people with a lower ability to pay. An example is the personal income tax in India.
Part - III
4x5=20III Answer in detail write any four of them:-
16) Account for the outbreak of Vellore revolt in 1806.
The Vellore Revolt of 1806 was an early instance of a large-scale mutiny by Indian sepoys against the British East India Company. The main causes for the outbreak were:
- Grievances of Indian Soldiers: The sepoys were discontented with their low salaries, poor promotion prospects, and racial discrimination by British officers.
- Presence of Tipu's Family: After the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, Tipu Sultan's sons and family were interned in the Vellore Fort. Their presence served as a rallying point for those opposing British rule.
- Immediate Cause - The New Turban: The Commander-in-Chief, Sir John Craddock, introduced a new turban, known as the 'Agnew's Turban'. It resembled a European hat and was seen as an attempt to Christianize the soldiers.
- Religious Insignia Ban: The sepoys were also prohibited from wearing religious marks on their foreheads (like tilak or vibhuti) and were forced to shave their beards and trim their moustaches. This was seen as a direct interference in their religious and social customs.
- Outbreak and Suppression: On 10th July 1806, the sepoys revolted, killing several British officers and hoisting the flag of the Mysore Sultanate over the fort. However, the revolt was swiftly and brutally crushed by Col. Gillespie. Though it failed, the Vellore Revolt was a precursor to the Great Revolt of 1857.
17) Discuss the causes of the revolt of 1857.
The Revolt of 1857 was a culmination of various grievances against British rule. The causes can be categorized as follows:
- Political Causes: The British policy of expansion, such as the 'Doctrine of Lapse' by Lord Dalhousie, led to the annexation of many Indian states, causing widespread resentment among Indian rulers.
- Economic Causes: The British exploited India's economic resources. Heavy taxation, the ruin of traditional Indian industries due to competition from British goods, and exploitative land revenue policies impoverished the peasants and artisans.
- Social and Religious Causes: The British were seen as interfering in Indian social customs. The abolition of Sati, the Widow Remarriage Act, and the activities of Christian missionaries were viewed with suspicion. The racial arrogance of the British also hurt Indian sentiments.
- Military Causes: Indian sepoys were paid less than their British counterparts, had poor promotion prospects, and were treated with contempt. The General Service Enlistment Act of 1856, which required sepoys to serve overseas, was against the religious beliefs of many Hindus.
- Immediate Cause: The introduction of the new Enfield Rifle was the immediate trigger. A rumour spread that the cartridges were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. This offended both Hindu and Muslim sepoys, as they had to bite the cartridges to load them, leading to the outbreak of the revolt.
18) Mark the important places centres on the India outline map. Meerut, Kanpur, Barrackpore, Jhansi, Gwalior
This is a map-based question. The locations to be marked are important centres of the 1857 Revolt:
- Meerut: A city in Uttar Pradesh, where the revolt officially began on May 10, 1857.
- Kanpur: A major city in Uttar Pradesh, a key centre of the revolt led by Nana Saheb.
- Barrackpore: A town near Kolkata in West Bengal, where Mangal Pandey sparked the initial unrest.
- Jhansi: A city in Uttar Pradesh (Bundelkhand region), famous for the heroic resistance led by Rani Lakshmibai.
- Gwalior: A city in Madhya Pradesh, where Rani Lakshmibai and Tantia Tope fought their last battles.
19) Write an account on river Kaveri.
The river Kaveri (also spelled Cauvery) is a major river of Southern India, often called the 'Ganga of the South'.
- Origin: It originates at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri hills of the Western Ghats in Karnataka.
- Course: It flows in a southeasterly direction through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Its total length is about 800 km.
- Tributaries: Its main tributaries include Harangi, Hemavati, Kabini, Bhavani, Arkavathy, Noyyal, and Amaravati.
- Waterfalls: The river forms several waterfalls, with the Sivasamudram falls in Karnataka being the most famous.
- Delta: In Tamil Nadu, the river branches out into a wide delta known as the 'Garden of Southern India' before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. This delta is one of the most fertile regions in the country.
- Significance: The Kaveri is crucial for agriculture and is a primary source of drinking water for several cities. It is also a source of hydroelectric power, with major dams like Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) in Karnataka and Mettur Dam in Tamil Nadu built across it. The river is sacred to the people of the region.
20) What are the reduction measures taken before and after cyclone.
Cyclone risk reduction involves a set of measures taken before, during, and after a cyclone to minimize its impact.
Measures Before Cyclone (Preparedness and Mitigation):
- Early Warning Systems: Using satellites and radar to track cyclones and disseminate timely warnings through TV, radio, and mobile alerts.
- Evacuation Planning: Identifying vulnerable areas and planning safe evacuation routes and shelters.
- Construction of Shelters: Building multi-purpose cyclone shelters in coastal areas.
- Coastal Management: Planting mangrove forests and building coastal embankments to act as natural barriers.
- Public Awareness: Educating people about the do's and don'ts before and during a cyclone.
Measures After Cyclone (Response and Recovery):
- Search and Rescue: Deploying teams to rescue stranded people.
- Relief Operations: Providing immediate relief like food, clean water, clothing, and medical aid to the affected population.
- Restoration of Services: Quickly restoring essential services like electricity, communication, and transportation.
- Damage Assessment: Conducting surveys to assess the damage to property, crops, and infrastructure for providing compensation.
- Rehabilitation: Long-term measures to rebuild homes and infrastructure and restore livelihoods.
21) Write a detailed note on Non-alignment.
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. It was founded during the Cold War as an alternative for newly independent countries to avoid siding with either the USA (Western Bloc) or the USSR (Eastern Bloc).
- Origin: The concept was conceived at the Bandung Conference in 1955. NAM was officially established in 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
- Founding Fathers: Its key architects were Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt, Sukarno of Indonesia, Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana, and Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia.
- Core Principles: The movement is based on the five principles of Panchsheel. Its main objectives are to uphold national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity, and security of non-aligned countries in their struggle against imperialism, colonialism, racism, and foreign domination.
- Role during Cold War: NAM played a crucial role in stabilizing the world and preserving peace by acting as a moderating force. It advocated for disarmament and a more equitable world economic order.
- Relevance Today: Though the Cold War has ended, NAM continues to be relevant. It now focuses on contemporary issues like sustainable development, terrorism, climate change, and advocating for the rights of developing countries in international forums like the UN.
22) Timeline chart 1920-1935 five india important event.
Here are five important events in the Indian freedom struggle between 1920 and 1935:
- 1920 - Non-Cooperation Movement: Mahatma Gandhi launched this nationwide movement to protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and the Rowlatt Act. It involved boycotting British goods, courts, and educational institutions.
- 1922 - Chauri Chaura Incident: A violent incident in Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh, where protestors clashed with police, led to Gandhi calling off the Non-Cooperation Movement.
- 1928 - Simon Commission: The British government sent the Simon Commission to India to suggest constitutional reforms, but it was boycotted by Indians as it had no Indian members.
- 1930 - Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha): Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement by leading the Dandi March to break the unjust Salt Law, a symbolic act of defiance against British rule.
- 1935 - Government of India Act: The British Parliament passed this act, which provided for provincial autonomy and a framework for a federal system in India. It was a significant step towards self-governance.
23) Write the structure of GST.
Goods and Services Tax (GST) is an indirect tax that has replaced many indirect taxes in India. It is a multi-stage, destination-based tax levied on every value addition. The structure of GST in India is based on the principle of dual GST, where both the Centre and the States levy tax simultaneously.
The main components of the GST structure are:
- CGST (Central Goods and Services Tax): This tax is levied by the Central Government on intra-state (within the same state) supply of goods and services. The revenue collected under CGST goes to the central government.
- SGST (State Goods and Services Tax): This tax is levied by the State Government on intra-state supply of goods and services. The revenue collected under SGST goes to the respective state government. For example, if a transaction happens within Tamil Nadu, both CGST and SGST will be levied.
- UTGST (Union Territory Goods and Services Tax): This is levied by the Union Territory governments on intra-UT supply of goods and services. It is similar to SGST but applies to Union Territories without a legislature.
- IGST (Integrated Goods and Services Tax): This tax is levied by the Central Government on inter-state (between two different states) supply of goods and services, as well as on imports and exports. The revenue is collected by the Centre and then shared with the destination state. This system ensures a seamless flow of tax credit across states.
Part - IV
1x8=8IV Answer in detail write any one:-
24) Attempt an essay of the heroic fight Veerapandiya Kattabomman conducted against the East India company. [or] Examine the factors that led to the transformation of Gandhi into a mass leader.
Option 1: The Heroic Fight of Veerapandiya Kattabomman
Veerapandiya Kattabomman, the Palayakkarar of Panchalankurichi, was one of the earliest and bravest freedom fighters from Tamil Nadu to challenge the authority of the British East India Company. His heroic resistance in the late 18th century remains an inspiring saga of courage and patriotism.
Refusal to Pay Kisti (Tribute): The primary conflict arose when the British, after gaining the right to collect taxes from the Nawab of Arcot, demanded that the Palayakkarars pay tribute (kisti) to them. Kattabomman refused, arguing that he was the sovereign ruler of his land and would not bow down to a foreign trading company. This defiance marked the beginning of his confrontation with the British.
Confrontation with Collector Jackson: The British collector, W.C. Jackson, arrogantly ordered Kattabomman to meet him in Ramanathapuram in 1798. Kattabomman was made to wait for hours and was insulted. When an attempt was made to arrest him, a clash broke out, and Kattabomman fought his way out, though his minister, Sivasubramanianar, was captured. This incident solidified his resolve to fight the British.
Formation of Alliances: Kattabomman understood the need for a united front. He tried to form a confederacy of Palayakkarars, including the Marudhu brothers of Sivagangai, to collectively resist the British. He became an influential leader in this anti-British alliance.
The Siege of Panchalankurichi: In 1799, the British, under Major Bannerman, sent a large army to crush Kattabomman. They laid siege to his fort at Panchalankurichi. Kattabomman and his forces put up a valiant fight, repelling the initial British attacks with their superior knowledge of the terrain and guerrilla tactics. However, faced with the overwhelming military might and artillery of the British, Kattabomman was forced to escape from his fort.
Betrayal, Capture, and Execution: Kattabomman sought refuge in the jungles of Pudukkottai. He was betrayed by Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman, the Raja of Pudukkottai, who captured him and handed him over to the British. The British conducted a sham trial and sentenced him to death. On October 16, 1799, Veerapandiya Kattabomman was publicly hanged from a tamarind tree in Kayathar, a defiant and fearless hero till his last breath. His sacrifice ignited the spirit of freedom and inspired future generations to fight against colonial rule.
Option 2: Transformation of Gandhi into a Mass Leader
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's transformation from a London-trained lawyer into a 'Mahatma' and a mass leader of the Indian nationalist movement was a gradual process, shaped by his experiences and unique political strategies. Several factors contributed to this transformation, enabling him to connect with and mobilize millions of Indians from all walks of life.
Experiences in South Africa: Gandhi's political awakening occurred in South Africa, where he went to work as a lawyer. Facing racial discrimination firsthand, he developed the concept of Satyagraha (truth-force or passive resistance) as a tool for non-violent protest against injustice. His successful campaigns for the rights of Indians there proved the efficacy of his methods and gave him the confidence to apply them in India.
Early Campaigns in India: Upon his return to India in 1915, Gandhi did not immediately jump into national politics. He spent a year travelling across the country to understand the ground realities. His first major successes came from leading local movements: the Champaran Satyagraha (1917) for indigo farmers, the Kheda Satyagraha (1918) for peasants, and the Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918) for textile workers. These victories established him as a leader who could fight for the rights of the common people.
Simple Lifestyle and Identification with the Masses: Gandhi deliberately shed the attire of a barrister and adopted the simple loincloth of a poor Indian peasant. He lived a simple, ascetic life, which resonated deeply with the masses. He spoke in a simple language that everyone could understand, using religious and cultural symbols like 'Ram Rajya' to convey his message of a just and ideal state.
Innovative Methods of Protest: Gandhi introduced new and powerful methods of mass mobilization that were accessible to everyone, including women and the illiterate. Satyagraha, non-cooperation, boycott of foreign goods, and civil disobedience were non-violent yet highly effective tools. The Salt March of 1930 is a prime example, where he turned a simple commodity like salt into a powerful symbol of national defiance.
Inclusive Approach: Gandhi worked tirelessly for Hindu-Muslim unity, the upliftment of untouchables (whom he called 'Harijans' or children of God), and the empowerment of women. He made the Indian National Congress a mass-based organization by opening its membership to all sections of society. This inclusive approach transformed the freedom struggle from an elite-led movement into a true mass movement, earning him the undisputed leadership and the love and respect of millions.
25) Mark the important places in the outline map of Tamil Nadu:- [or] Mark the important places in the outline map:-
This is a map-based question. Students are asked to mark the given places on an outline map of India or Tamil Nadu.
Option 1: On the Map of Tamil Nadu
- Kaveri: A river originating in Karnataka and flowing through Tamil Nadu to the Bay of Bengal.
- Alluvial Soil: Mark the vast Indo-Gangetic plains in North India.
- Dotta petta: A peak in the Nilgiri Hills in Tamil Nadu.
- An important multipurpose river valley project: Mark Bhakra-Nangal Dam on the Sutlej river or Hirakud Dam on the Mahanadi river.
- International airport: Mark a major city like Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, or Kolkata.
- Mangrove forest: Mark the Sundarbans delta region in West Bengal.
- Rubber cultivation region: Mark the state of Kerala.
- Bird sanctuary: Mark Vedanthangal in Tamil Nadu or Bharatpur (Keoladeo) in Rajasthan.
- Vembanadu lake: A large lake in Kerala.
- Eastern Ghats: The discontinuous mountain range running along India's eastern coast.
Option 2: On the Map of Tamil Nadu
- Chennai: The capital city, on the northeastern coast.
- Cuddalore: A coastal district south of Chennai.
- Cape Comorin: The southernmost tip of the Indian mainland (Kanyakumari).
- Nilgiri: A district in the northwest, part of the Western Ghats.
- Vaigai: A river flowing through Madurai.
- Mettur: Location of the Mettur Dam on the Kaveri river in Salem district.
- Mullai Periyar dam: Located in Kerala, but its water is used by Tamil Nadu; mark it on the border in the Theni district region.
- Kanchipuram: A major temple town near Chennai.
- Trichy: A major city in the central part of the state, on the banks of the Kaveri.
- Vellore: A city in the northern part of the state.
