10th Standard Social Science - Second Mid Term Test 2024
Complete Solved Question Paper
PART - I: Choose the correct answer
1. Who issued the Tiruchirapalli proclamation of Independence?
a) Marudhu brothers
2. Who set up the first Home Rule League in April 1916?
d) Tilak
3. When did the partition of Bengal come in effect
d) 16 October 1905
4. The district with largest mangrove forest cover in Tamil Nadu is
c) Cuddalore (Pichavaram Mangrove Forest)
5. Which of the following passes is not located in the western ghats of Tamil Nadu
c) Bhorghat (located in Maharashtra)
6. Assertion (A): India has formal diplomatic relations with most of the nations. Reasons (R) : India is the world's second most populous country.
b) A is correct and R does not explain A
7. Which article of Indian constitution directs to adopt foreign policy?
b) Article 51
PART - II: Write any five short answer. (Question No. 14 is compulsory)
8. What was the significance of the battle of Kalakadu?
The Battle of Kalakadu was significant because Mahfuzkhan, brother of the Nawab of Arcot, was defeated by the forces of Puli Thevar. Despite the Nawab's army receiving support from the British, Puli Thevar's organized confederacy of Palayakkarars triumphed, showcasing early organized resistance against the British and their allies.
9. What do you mean by drain of wealth?
The "Drain of Wealth" is a theory articulated by Dadabhai Naoroji. It refers to the process by which Britain systematically transferred a large amount of wealth and resources from India during colonial rule. This was a unilateral transfer for which India received no corresponding economic or commercial returns, leading to the impoverishment of India and financing Britain's industrialization.
10. State the boundaries of Tamil Nadu.
- East: Bay of Bengal
- West: Kerala
- North: Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka
- South: Indian Ocean
11. How is coastal plain formed?
The coastal plain of Tamil Nadu is formed by the deposition of alluvial sediments (silt, sand, and clay) carried by rivers flowing eastward from the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats into the Bay of Bengal. This process of river deposition over millions of years has created a fertile, flat, and low-lying region along the coast. It is also considered an emergent coastline.
12. Name the architects of the Non - Aligned movement.
The five principal architects of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) were:
- Jawaharlal Nehru of India
- Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt
- Sukarno of Indonesia
- Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia
- Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana
13. What is tax evasion?
Tax evasion is the illegal act of deliberately not paying one's true tax liability to the government. It involves fraudulent activities such as under-reporting income, inflating deductions or expenses, or concealing money and assets to reduce the amount of tax owed. It is a criminal offense punishable by law.
14. Write a short note on "The Doctrine of Lapse". (Compulsory)
The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy devised by Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General of India (1848-1856). According to this doctrine, if a ruler of a princely state under British paramountcy died without a natural male heir, his state would be annexed by the British. The traditional right of Indian rulers to adopt an heir was not recognized by the British for the purpose of succession. States like Satara, Nagpur, and Jhansi were annexed using this policy, which caused widespread discontent among Indian rulers.
PART - III: Answer any five question. (Question no 21 is compulsory)
15. Account for the outbreak of Vellore Revolt in 1806.
The outbreak of the Vellore Revolt in 1806 was caused by several factors:
- Immediate Cause: The introduction of new military regulations by the Commander-in-Chief, Sir John Craddock. These included a new turban (Agnew's Turban) that resembled a European hat, a prohibition on wearing religious marks on the forehead, and rules against keeping beards and moustaches. The sepoys viewed these as a direct assault on their religious and cultural identities.
- Grievances of Sepoys: The Indian sepoys were already discontent with low salaries, racial discrimination, and limited opportunities for promotion compared to their British counterparts.
- Presence of Tipu's Family: The family of the defeated Tipu Sultan was interned in the Vellore Fort. Their presence served as a rallying point for the rebels, who aimed to restore the Sultan's rule. During the revolt, they hoisted the flag of the Mysore Sultanate over the fort.
16. What are the risk reduction measures taken before and after cyclone.
Before a Cyclone (Preparedness and Mitigation):
- Hazard Mapping: Identifying and mapping cyclone-prone areas.
- Early Warning Systems: Installing and maintaining systems to track cyclones and disseminate warnings to the public through TV, radio, and mobile alerts.
- Infrastructure: Constructing cyclone shelters, embankments, and wind-resistant buildings.
- Awareness and Training: Conducting public awareness campaigns and mock drills for communities and disaster response teams.
- Vegetation Cover: Planting mangrove forests and coastal shelterbelts to act as natural barriers against storm surges.
- Search and Rescue: Immediately deploying teams to rescue stranded people.
- Relief Operations: Providing medical aid, food, clean drinking water, and temporary shelter in relief camps.
- Restoration: Working to restore essential services like electricity, communication, and transportation.
- Damage Assessment: Conducting surveys to assess the extent of damage to property, crops, and infrastructure.
- Rehabilitation: Providing financial assistance and support for rebuilding homes and restoring livelihoods.
17. i) Distinguish between the following.
a) Tamiraparani and Cauvery:
17. ii) Give reason: Tamil Nadu receives low rainfall during south west monsoon.
- Origin: Tamiraparani originates from the Pothigai hills in the Western Ghats. The Cauvery originates at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri Hills of Karnataka.
- Course: Tamiraparani is a perennial river that flows entirely within Tamil Nadu. The Cauvery flows through both Karnataka and Tamil Nadu before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
- Catchment Area: The Cauvery has a much larger basin and is considered one of the major rivers of South India, often called the 'Ganges of the South'. Tamiraparani is a major river system but is confined to the southern districts of Tamil Nadu.
- Continuity: The Western Ghats are a continuous mountain range, running parallel to the west coast. The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and fragmented, broken by rivers that flow into the Bay of Bengal.
- Elevation: The Western Ghats are higher in elevation (average 900-1600m) than the Eastern Ghats (average 600m).
- Rainfall: The Western Ghats receive heavy orographic rainfall from the Southwest Monsoon. The Eastern Ghats receive comparatively less rainfall, primarily from the Northeast Monsoon.
Tamil Nadu receives low rainfall during the southwest monsoon because it is located in the rain-shadow region of the Western Ghats. The moisture-laden monsoon winds originating from the Arabian Sea are blocked by the Western Ghats. These mountains force the winds to rise, cool, and shed their moisture as heavy rainfall on the windward side (Kerala). By the time the winds cross the Ghats and descend onto the leeward side (Tamil Nadu), they are dry, resulting in significantly less rainfall.
18. Write a detailed note on Non-Alignment.
Non-Alignment was a foreign policy concept developed during the Cold War. It meant not aligning with either of the two major power blocs—the USA-led Capitalist bloc or the USSR-led Communist bloc.
- Objective: The primary objective was to maintain national independence, sovereignty, and security in a world polarized by Cold War tensions. It allowed newly independent nations to judge international issues on their own merits rather than being influenced by one of the blocs.
- Architects: Its main architects were Jawaharlal Nehru (India), Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt), Sukarno (Indonesia), and Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana).
- Principles: The policy was guided by the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence (Panchsheel), which include mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity, non-aggression, non-interference in internal affairs, equality, and peaceful co-existence.
- Non-Aligned Movement (NAM): This policy led to the formation of the Non-Aligned Movement at the Belgrade Conference in 1961. NAM became a significant voice for developing countries, advocating for world peace, disarmament, and a new international economic order.
19. What is black money? Write the causes of black money.
Black Money: Black money refers to funds earned through illegal activities or legal income that has not been declared to tax authorities, thus avoiding the payment of taxes. It is unaccounted money that circulates in the economy outside the formal banking system.
Causes of Black Money:
Causes of Black Money:
- High Tax Rates: High personal and corporate tax rates can create an incentive for individuals and businesses to evade taxes.
- Complex Laws and Loopholes: Complicated tax laws and legal loopholes can be exploited to generate and conceal black money.
- Corruption: Bribery and corruption among public officials are major sources of black money.
- Prevalence of Cash Transactions: A large volume of transactions conducted in cash makes it difficult to track and tax the income generated.
- Lack of Strong Deterrents: Weak enforcement of laws and lenient penalties for tax evasion do not create a strong enough deterrent.
- Informal Sector: A large informal or unorganized sector in the economy makes it challenging to monitor all economic activities for tax purposes.
20. Draw a time line for the following. Write any five important events between 1900 and 1920.
- 1905: Partition of Bengal
- 1906: Formation of the Muslim League
- 1907: Surat Split in the Indian National Congress
- 1911: Annulment of the Partition of Bengal; Capital of India shifted from Calcutta to Delhi
- 1916: Lucknow Pact signed between Congress and Muslim League; Home Rule Movement started
- 1919: Rowlatt Act passed; Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
- 1920: Launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement
21. Mark the places on the map of India. (Compulsory)
- Jhansi: Located in the state of Uttar Pradesh.
- Barrackpore: Located in the state of West Bengal, near Kolkata.
- Lucknow: The capital city of Uttar Pradesh.
- Delhi: The National Capital Territory of India.
- Ambala: A city in the state of Haryana.
PART - IV: Answer the following
22. Attempt an essay of the heroic fight Veerapandya Kattabomman. Conducted against the East India Company.
Veerapandya Kattabomman was the Palayakkarar (Poligar) of Panchalankurichi in the 18th century and is remembered as one of the earliest figures to resist British colonial power in Tamil Nadu. His heroic struggle against the East India Company is a celebrated chapter in the history of India's freedom movement.
Conflict over Sovereignty and Tribute: The root of the conflict was the issue of sovereignty. The British, having acquired the right to collect taxes from the Nawab of Arcot, demanded tribute (kisti) from the Palayakkarars. Kattabomman refused, asserting his independent authority over his territory.
Confrontation with Collector Jackson: In 1798, the arrogant British collector, W.C. Jackson, demanded a meeting with Kattabomman in Ramanathapuram. After being made to wait for hours over several days, a confrontation ensued. In the ensuing scuffle, the British Lieutenant Clarke was killed, and Kattabomman and his minister, Sivasubramanianar, managed to escape.
Escalation and Siege of Panchalankurichi: Though an inquiry committee found Jackson at fault, the incident hardened the British stance. In 1799, Major Bannerman led a large British force to besiege Kattabomman's fort at Panchalankurichi. Despite a valiant defence, Kattabomman was forced to flee as the fort's fall became imminent.
Betrayal, Trial, and Execution: Kattabomman took refuge in the forests of Pudukkottai. However, he was betrayed by Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman, the Raja of Pudukkottai, who captured him and handed him over to the British. A mock trial was conducted at Kayathar, where he was summarily found guilty. On 16th October 1799, Veerapandya Kattabomman was publicly hanged from a tamarind tree, demonstrating his unwavering defiance until the very end. His courage, patriotism, and ultimate sacrifice made him a folk hero and an inspiration for future freedom fighters.
Conflict over Sovereignty and Tribute: The root of the conflict was the issue of sovereignty. The British, having acquired the right to collect taxes from the Nawab of Arcot, demanded tribute (kisti) from the Palayakkarars. Kattabomman refused, asserting his independent authority over his territory.
Confrontation with Collector Jackson: In 1798, the arrogant British collector, W.C. Jackson, demanded a meeting with Kattabomman in Ramanathapuram. After being made to wait for hours over several days, a confrontation ensued. In the ensuing scuffle, the British Lieutenant Clarke was killed, and Kattabomman and his minister, Sivasubramanianar, managed to escape.
Escalation and Siege of Panchalankurichi: Though an inquiry committee found Jackson at fault, the incident hardened the British stance. In 1799, Major Bannerman led a large British force to besiege Kattabomman's fort at Panchalankurichi. Despite a valiant defence, Kattabomman was forced to flee as the fort's fall became imminent.
Betrayal, Trial, and Execution: Kattabomman took refuge in the forests of Pudukkottai. However, he was betrayed by Vijaya Raghunatha Tondaiman, the Raja of Pudukkottai, who captured him and handed him over to the British. A mock trial was conducted at Kayathar, where he was summarily found guilty. On 16th October 1799, Veerapandya Kattabomman was publicly hanged from a tamarind tree, demonstrating his unwavering defiance until the very end. His courage, patriotism, and ultimate sacrifice made him a folk hero and an inspiration for future freedom fighters.
(OR)
23. Mark the following in the outline map of Tamil Nadu.
23. Mark the following in the outline map of Tamil Nadu.
- Nilgiri hills: A mountain range located in the northwestern part of Tamil Nadu, at the junction of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka.
- Cape Comorin (Kanyakumari): The southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula, where the Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea, and Indian Ocean meet.
- Coromandel coast: The southeastern coastline of India, stretching across Tamil Nadu.
- River Cauvery: Enters Tamil Nadu from Karnataka and flows eastward, forming a fertile delta before draining into the Bay of Bengal.
- Kodiakarai (Point Calimere): A low headland on the Coromandel Coast in Nagapattinam district, known for its wildlife and bird sanctuary.
- Pothigai Hills: A part of the Western Ghats in the Tirunelveli district, where the Tamiraparani river originates.
- Vedanthangal: A famous bird sanctuary located in the Chengalpattu district.
- Pulicat Lake: A large brackish water lagoon, the southern part of which lies in the Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu.