10th Social Science - 2nd Mid Term Exam 2024 - Original Question Paper | Krishnagiri District | English Medium

10th Social Science - 2nd Mid Term Exam 2024 Solutions

PART I: Choose the correct answer.

Marks: 7x1=7

1. Where were the sons of the Tipu Sultan sent after the Vellore revolt?

a) Calcutta

b) Mumbai

c) Delhi

d) Mysore

Correct Answer: a) Calcutta

2. Who set up the first Home rule league in April 1916?

a) Annie Besant

b) Bibin Chandrapal

c) Lala Lajpat Rai

d) Tilak

Correct Answer: d) Tilak

3. Who was arrested during the anti-Rowlatt protests in Amritsar?

a) Motilal Nehru

b) Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew

c) Mohammad Ali

d) Rajkumar Shukla

Correct Answer: b) Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew (along with Dr. Satyapal)

4. Which one of the following river flow into the Arabian Sea?

a) Periyar

b) Kaveri

c) Chittar

d) Bhavani

Correct Answer: a) Periyar

5. A major hydro-electric power project of Tamilnadu is

a) Mettur

b) Papanasam

c) Sathanur

d) Thungabudra

Correct Answer: a) Mettur

6. MC Mahon line is a border between

a) Burma and India

b) India and Nepal

c) India and China

d) India and Bhutan

Correct Answer: c) India and China

7. Under which tax on nation one uniform tax is ensured?

a) Value added tax(VAT)

b) Income tax

c) Goods and Service tax

d) Sales tax

Correct Answer: c) Goods and Service tax

PART II: Answer briefly (any six)

Marks: 6x2=12

8. What was the significance of the battle of Kalakadu?

The Battle of Kalakadu holds significance as it was one of the earliest victories of an Indian ruler against the forces backed by the British East India Company.

• In this battle, Puli Thevar's forces defeated Mahfuzkhan, the brother of the Nawab of Arcot, who was supported by the British.
• This victory boosted the morale of the native rulers and established Puli Thevar as a formidable opponent to the British and the Nawab.

9. Name the territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of lapse.

The territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse were:

• Satara (1848)
• Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849)
• Baghat (1850)
• Udaipur (1852)
• Jhansi (1853)
• Nagpur (1854)

10. The terms of the Poona pact.

The Poona Pact was an agreement between Mahatma Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in 1932. Its main terms were:

• The principle of separate electorates for the 'Depressed Classes' (Scheduled Castes) was abandoned.
• Instead, the principle of joint electorate was accepted.
• The number of reserved seats for the Depressed Classes was increased from 71 to 148 in the provincial legislatures and 18% of the total in the Central Legislature.

11. During cyclone how does the Metrological department warn the fisherman?

The Meteorological Department warns fishermen about cyclones through a multi-channel system:

• Cyclone Alerts and Warnings: These are issued through radio, television, newspapers, and official websites.
• Mass SMS: Fishermen registered with the authorities receive direct SMS alerts on their mobile phones.
• Port Warnings: Special flags and signals are hoisted at ports to indicate the severity of the weather.
• Collaboration with local authorities: Information is passed to coastal police, fisheries departments, and local village bodies to ensure it reaches every fisherman.

12. Name the important multipurpose projects of Tamilnadu.

Some of the important multipurpose projects in Tamilnadu are:

• Mettur Dam (Stanley Reservoir)
• Bhavanisagar Dam
• Amaravathi Dam
• Sathanur Dam
• Vaigai Dam
• Parambikulam-Aliyar Project
• Papanasam Dam

13. List any four guiding principles of Panchsheel.

The five principles of Panchsheel are:

1. Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
2. Mutual non-aggression.
3. Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs.
4. Equality and mutual benefit.
5. Peaceful co-existence.

14. Name the neighbouring countries of India?

India shares its borders with seven countries:

• North-west: Pakistan, Afghanistan
• North: China, Nepal, Bhutan
• East: Bangladesh, Myanmar

Additionally, it shares sea borders with Sri Lanka and Maldives.

15. What is Progressive Tax?

A progressive tax is a tax system in which the tax rate increases as the taxable amount (income) increases. This means that high-income earners pay a higher percentage of their income in taxes than low-income earners. The principle behind it is that those who have a greater ability to pay should contribute more to government revenue. Example: The Indian Income Tax system.

16. Why are wages low in the agriculture sector?

Wages are low in the agriculture sector due to several factors:

• Surplus Labour: There are more people available to work than jobs, which drives down wages.
• Seasonal Employment: Agricultural work is not available throughout the year, leading to periods of unemployment.
• Low Productivity: Small landholdings and lack of modern technology result in lower output per worker.
• Lack of Alternative Jobs: Limited non-farm employment opportunities in rural areas force people to accept low wages in agriculture.

PART III: Answer in detail (any four)

Marks: 4x5=20

17. Account for the outbreak of Vellore revolt in 1806.

Causes of the Vellore Revolt (1806)

The Vellore Revolt was a culmination of grievances the Indian sepoys had against the British East India Company's military regulations.

1. Grievances of Indian Soldiers: The sepoys were paid low salaries and had limited opportunities for promotion. They were treated as inferior by their British officers.
2. New Military Regulations: In 1805-1806, Commander-in-Chief Sir John Cradock introduced new rules that were seen as an attack on their religious and cultural practices.
3. Prohibition of Religious Symbols: Indian soldiers were prohibited from wearing caste marks (like tilak or vibhuti) on their foreheads, wearing earrings, or keeping beards. This was deeply offensive to both Hindu and Muslim sepoys.
4. The New Turban (Agnew's Turban): The most inflammatory measure was the introduction of a new turban. It had a leather cockade made of animal skin, which was abhorrent to both Hindus (cow leather) and Muslims (pig leather). The turban's design also resembled a European hat, which they felt was a sign of forced conversion to Christianity.
5. Presence of Tipu's Family: The sons and daughters of the late Tipu Sultan were interned in the Vellore Fort. Their presence served as a rallying point for the rebels who hoped to restore their rule.

Outbreak and Suppression

On 10th July 1806, the Indian sepoys revolted. They killed Colonel Fancourt, the commander of the fort, and about 13 other British officers. They then hoisted the flag of the Mysore Sultanate over the fort and declared Tipu's son, Fateh Hyder, as their new ruler. However, the revolt was swiftly and brutally crushed by Colonel Gillespie from Arcot. The revolt failed, but it is remembered as the first major sepoy mutiny against the British in India, a precursor to the Great Revolt of 1857.

18. Critically examine the civil Disobedience movement as the typical example of Gandhian movement.

The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930-1934) is considered a quintessential Gandhian movement because it embodied all the core principles of his philosophy and strategy of Satyagraha.

• Adherence to Non-Violence (Ahimsa): The entire movement, starting from the Dandi March, was based on the principle of non-violent resistance. Protesters willingly faced lathi charges and arrest without retaliating.
• Truth and Moral High Ground (Satya): By choosing to break the salt law, Gandhi targeted a law that was morally unjust. Salt, a basic necessity, was taxed by the government, affecting the poorest of the poor. This gave the movement a strong moral foundation.
• Mass Participation: It was a true mass movement. People from all sections of society—peasants, workers, students, and especially women—participated in large numbers. This reflected Gandhi's belief in the power of the united masses.
• Symbolism: The act of making salt from seawater was a powerful symbolic act of defiance against the might of the British Empire. It was simple, understandable, and could be replicated by anyone across the country.
• Strategy of Civil Disobedience: The movement involved a clear, non-violent programme of breaking specific laws, boycotting British goods, schools, and offices, and non-payment of taxes. This was a direct application of Gandhi's strategy to paralyze the administration through peaceful defiance.

Conclusion: The Civil Disobedience Movement, with its emphasis on non-violence, mass mobilization, and symbolic resistance against unjust laws, perfectly illustrates the Gandhian approach to political struggle, making it a typical and highly successful example of his leadership and ideology in action.

19. Plateau region of Tamilnadu.

The plateau region of Tamil Nadu, also known as the Tamil Nadu Plateau, lies between the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. It is a part of the larger Deccan Plateau and covers a significant portion of the state's area.

• Location and Extent: It is roughly triangular and covers an area of about 60,000 sq. km. Its elevation increases from east to west, ranging from 150 to 600 meters.
• Sub-divisions: The plateau is not a single uniform region. It is sub-divided into:
  1. Baramahal Plateau: This is a part of the Mysore Plateau located in the northwestern part of Tamil Nadu. It includes districts like Dharmapuri and Krishnagiri.
  2. Coimbatore Plateau: Situated between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri districts, this region includes Salem, Coimbatore, and Erode. Its elevation ranges from 150 to 450 metres. The Moyar river separates this plateau from the Mysore Plateau.
  3. Madurai Plateau: This extends south of the Kaveri river and includes the districts of Madurai, Dindigul, and Theni.
• Rivers and Drainage: The plateau is drained by several important rivers like the Kaveri, Vaigai, and Thamirabarani, which flow eastwards towards the Bay of Bengal.
• Economic Importance: The region has red and black soils, making it suitable for the cultivation of cotton, millets, and pulses. It is also a hub of industrial activity, particularly in the Coimbatore region, known for its textile industry.

20. A.Distinguish: i.) Marine fishing and Inland fishing. ii) Food crops and non food crops. B.Give reasons : Eastern ghats are not continuous range.

A. Distinctions

i) Marine Fishing vs. Inland Fishing

Feature	Marine Fishing	Inland Fishing
Water Body	Done in oceans and seas (saltwater).	Done in rivers, lakes, ponds, and reservoirs (freshwater).
Scale	Large scale, uses mechanized trawlers and deep-sea fishing vessels.	Smaller scale, often uses traditional boats and nets.
Types of Fish	Sardines, Mackerel, Shark, Tuna.	Catla, Rohu, Mrigal (carp varieties).

ii) Food Crops vs. Non-Food Crops

Feature	Food Crops	Non-Food Crops (Cash Crops)
Purpose	Grown for direct human consumption.	Grown for commercial sale, to be used as raw materials in industries.
Examples	Paddy (Rice), Wheat, Maize, Millets, Pulses.	Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane, Tobacco, Oilseeds.

B. Reason

Eastern ghats are not continuous range.

The Eastern Ghats are a discontinuous and broken range of hills because they have been eroded and dissected by the large, east-flowing peninsular rivers. Major rivers like the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri originate in the Western Ghats and flow across the Deccan Plateau to drain into the Bay of Bengal. Over millions of years, these powerful rivers have carved out wide valleys and plains through the Eastern Ghats, breaking their continuity.

21. Write detailed note on Non alignment.

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

The Non-Aligned Movement is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. It was founded during the Cold War as a path for nations to remain independent of the two superpowers, the USA and the USSR.

Origin and Founders:

NAM was established at the Belgrade Conference in 1961. Its creation was the culmination of the efforts of five key leaders:

• Jawaharlal Nehru of India
• Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia
• Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt
• Sukarno of Indonesia
• Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana

Objectives of Non-Alignment:

The core objectives of NAM were based on the principles of Panchsheel (Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence):

1. Maintaining Independence: To pursue an independent foreign policy without being dictated by either the Western (USA-led) or Eastern (USSR-led) blocs.
2. Promoting World Peace: To advocate for peaceful resolution of conflicts, disarmament, and to oppose military alliances and foreign military bases.
3. Anti-Colonialism and Anti-Imperialism: To fight against all forms of colonialism, imperialism, and racial discrimination, and to support national liberation movements.
4. Economic Equality: To work towards creating a new international economic order that is fair and just for developing countries.
5. Respect for Sovereignty: To uphold the principles of mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries.

While the Cold War has ended, NAM continues to be relevant, focusing on contemporary global issues like terrorism, sustainable development, climate change, and global economic challenges.

22. Explain some direct and indirect taxes.

Taxes are compulsory payments made by individuals and corporations to the government. They are broadly classified into two categories: Direct Taxes and Indirect Taxes.

Direct Taxes

A direct tax is a tax where the incidence and impact fall on the same person. This means the person who is liable to pay the tax bears the burden and cannot shift it to someone else. It is levied directly on the income or wealth of a person or company.

Examples of Direct Taxes:

• Income Tax: Levied on the income of individuals, Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs), and other non-corporate entities.
• Corporate Tax: Levied on the profits of companies and corporations.
• Property Tax: Levied by local municipal bodies on the value of property.

Indirect Taxes

An indirect tax is a tax where the liability to pay the tax is on one person, but the burden of the tax (incidence) is passed on to another person. The tax is typically included in the price of goods and services, and the final consumer ends up paying it.

Examples of Indirect Taxes:

• Goods and Services Tax (GST): A comprehensive, multi-stage, destination-based tax that is levied on every value addition. It has replaced most other indirect taxes like excise duty, VAT, and service tax.
• Customs Duty: A tax imposed on goods when they are transported across international borders (imports and exports).
• Excise Duty: A tax levied on certain goods manufactured within the country, such as petroleum and liquor (that are outside GST).

Key Differences:

Basis	Direct Tax	Indirect Tax
Incidence & Impact	Falls on the same person.	Falls on different persons.
Shiftability	The burden cannot be shifted.	The burden can be shifted.
Nature	Generally progressive (rate increases with income).	Generally regressive (same rate for all, impacts poor more).
Examples	Income Tax, Corporate Tax.	GST, Customs Duty.

PART IV: Answer the following question (any two).

Marks: 2x3=6 & 5x1=5

23. Draw timeline of any three important events in India history from 1920 - 1940

A timeline of three important events between 1920 and 1940:

• 1920: Launch of Non-Cooperation Movement

  Mahatma Gandhi launched this mass movement against British rule, urging Indians to boycott British goods, schools, and courts.

• 1930: Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha)

  Gandhi led a 240-mile march to the coastal village of Dandi to produce salt from seawater, breaking the British salt law and starting the Civil Disobedience Movement.

• 1935: Government of India Act

  The British Parliament passed this act, which provided for the establishment of provincial autonomy and a framework for a federal system in India.

24. Mark the following places on the map of India: 1. Ambala 2. Barrackpore 3. Gwalior

Students are required to locate and mark these places on an outline map of India.

1. Ambala: A city in the state of Haryana, located to the north of Delhi.
2. Barrackpore: A city in West Bengal, situated on the banks of the Hooghly river, just north of Kolkata. Historically significant for the events leading to the 1857 revolt.
3. Gwalior: A major city in the northern part of Madhya Pradesh.

25. Mark the following places in Tamilnadu: 1. Neelagiri hills 2. River Kaveri 3. Pulicat Lake 4. Manchester of South India 5. Mullaperiyar dam

Students are required to locate and mark these places on an outline map of Tamilnadu.

1. Neelagiri hills (Nilgiris): A mountain range in the western part of Tamil Nadu, at the junction of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala.
2. River Kaveri: Mark the river's course as it flows from Karnataka, through central Tamil Nadu, and forms a delta before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
3. Pulicat Lake: A large brackish water lagoon located on the border of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. Mark the southern part which falls in Tamil Nadu.
4. Manchester of South India (Coimbatore): A major city located in the western part of Tamil Nadu.
5. Mullaperiyar dam: Located in Kerala on the Periyar River, but operated by Tamil Nadu. Mark its location on the western border, in the Cardamom Hills.