VII. Distinguish between the following

1. Rabi and Kharif crop seasons.

Comparison between Rabi and Kharif crop seasons

Rabi crop season

  • The season is from October to March
  • Wheat, Gram, Rapeseeds, Mustard and Barley are cultivated in Northern states
  • Rice, Maize, Ragi, Jowar and Groundnut are cultivated in Southern States

Kharif crop season

  • The season is from June to September
  • Rice, Cotton, Bajra, Maize, Jowar and Tur are cultivated in Northern States
  • Rice, Ragi, Maize, Jower and Groundnut are cultivated in Southern States

2. Inundational canal and perennial canal.

Comparison between Inundational and Perennial canals

Inundational Canals

  • In this type water is taken out directly from the river without making any kind of barrage or dam.
  • These canals are useful for the diversion of flood water from the river.
  • They are operational only during rainy season.

Perennial Canals

  • Perennial canals are developed from perennial rivers by constructing barrages or dans to regulate the flow of water
  • These canals are useful for irrigation.
  • Operational throughout the year.

3. Marine fishing and Inland fishing.

Comparison between Marine and Inland fishing

Marine Fishing

  • It includes coastal, off-shore and deep sea fishing, mainly on the continental, shelves.
  • Fishing is done is saline water.
  • In India Kerala leads in marine fishing

Inland Fishing

  • It includes fishing in rivers, canals, reservoirs, ponds, tanks etc.
  • Fishing is done in fresh water.
  • In India Andhra Pradesh leads in inland fishing

4. Alluvial soils and Black soils.

Comparison between Alluvial and Black soils

Alluvial soils

  • Alluvial soil is formed from sediments deposited by streams and rivers.
  • Alluvial soil is rich in potash, phosphoric acid, lime and carbon compounds.
  • It is poor in Nitrogen.
  • It is found in the northern river valleys and plains.
  • Crops like rice, wheat, sugarcane and oilseeds are grown.

Black soils

  • Black soil is derived from basalts of Deccan trap.
  • It is rich in potash, lime, aluminium and manganese
  • It is poor in Nitrogen, Phosphoric acid and humus.
  • It is found in Deccan plateau, Malwa plateau and Kathiawar peninsula.
  • Crops like cotton, millets, tobacco and sugarcane are grown.