10th Social Science Quarterly Exam 2024-25 | Tirupattur District
Solutions & Answer Key
PART - I (14x1=14)
Choose the correct Answer.
1. What were the three major empires shattered by the end of First World War?
- a) Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottomans
- b) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia
- c) Spain, Portugal and Italy
- d) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Show Answer
Correct Answer: a) Germany, Austria Hungary, and the Ottomans
Explanation: The First World War led to the collapse of four major empires: the German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian Empires. The options provided in 'a' list three of these.
2. Which part of the world disliked dollar imperialism?
- a) Europe
- b) Latin America
- c) India
- d) China
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Latin America
Explanation: Latin American countries particularly resented the economic dominance and political interference of the United States, which was termed "dollar imperialism."
3. Where did the US drop its first atomic bomb?
- a) Kavashaki
- b) Innoshima
- c) Hiroshima
- d) Nagasaki
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Hiroshima
Explanation: The United States dropped the first atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. The second was dropped on Nagasaki three days later.
4. When was the Warsaw Pact dissolved?
- a) 1979
- b) 1989
- c) 1990
- d) 1991
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) 1991
Explanation: The Warsaw Pact, a collective defense treaty among the Soviet Union and its satellite states, was formally dissolved on July 1, 1991.
5. Who was the author of the book Satyarthaprakash?
- a) Dayananda Saraswathi
- b) Iyothee Thassar
- c) Annie Besant
- d) Guru N
Show Answer
Correct Answer: a) Dayananda Saraswathi
Explanation: Satyarthaprakash ("The Light of Truth") is a seminal work by Swami Dayananda Saraswathi, the founder of the Arya Samaj.
6. Pulicat Lake is located between the states of
- a) West Bengal and Odisha
- b) Karnataka and Kerala
- c) Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
- d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Explanation: Pulicat Lake, India's second-largest brackish water lagoon, straddles the border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
7. Western disturbances causes rainfall in
- a) Tamil Nadu
- b) Kerala
- c) Punjab
- d) Madhya Pradesh
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Punjab
Explanation: Western disturbances are extra-tropical storms originating in the Mediterranean region that bring sudden winter rain to the north-western parts of the Indian subcontinent, including Punjab.
8. Which crop is called as "Golden Fibre" in India?
- a) Cotton
- b) Wheat
- c) Jute
- d) Tobacco
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Jute
Explanation: Jute is known as the "Golden Fibre" due to its shiny golden color and its economic importance.
9. The most abundant source of energy is
- a) Bio mass
- b) Sun
- c) Coal
- d) Oil
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Sun
Explanation: The Sun is the ultimate source of almost all energy on Earth and is considered the most abundant, inexhaustible source of energy.
10. The major import item of India is?
- a) Cement
- b) Jewels
- c) Tea
- d) Petroleum
Show Answer
Correct Answer: d) Petroleum
Explanation: Crude petroleum and petroleum products constitute the largest share of India's import bill due to high domestic demand and limited production.
11. Which one of the following rights was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the heart and soul of the Constitution?
- a) Right to freedom of religion
- b) Right to equality
- c) Right to Constitutional remedies
- d) Right to property
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Right to Constitutional remedies
Explanation: Dr. Ambedkar considered Article 32, the Right to Constitutional Remedies, as the "heart and soul" because it empowers citizens to move the Supreme Court to enforce their fundamental rights, making the other rights meaningful.
12. What is minimum age laid down for a candidate to seek election to the Lok Sabha?
- a) 18 years
- b) 21 years
- c) 25 years
- d) 30 years
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) 25 years
Explanation: To be a member of the Lok Sabha (House of the People), a person must be a citizen of India and not less than 25 years of age.
13. Who is the head of the World Trade Organisation (WTO)?
- a) Ministerial conference
- b) Director General
- c) Deputy Director General
- d) None of these
Show Answer
Correct Answer: b) Director General
Explanation: While the Ministerial Conference is the highest decision-making body, the organization is headed by a Director-General who is responsible for supervising the administrative functions.
14. .......... is the only state in India to adopt universal PDS.
- a) Kerala
- b) Andhra Pradesh
- c) Tamil Nadu
- d) Karnataka
Show Answer
Correct Answer: c) Tamil Nadu
Explanation: Tamil Nadu has a long history of implementing a Universal Public Distribution System (PDS), which provides essential commodities to all ration card holders without targeting specific income groups.
PART - II (10x2=20)
Note: Answer any ten questions. (Question No 28 is compulsory)
15. Name the countries in the Triple Entente.
Show Answer
The countries in the Triple Entente were Britain (United Kingdom), France, and Russia.
16. What was the result of Mussolini's march on Rome?
Show Answer
The result of Mussolini's March on Rome in 1922 was that King Victor Emmanuel III, fearing a civil war, refused to use the army against the Fascists. Instead, he invited Mussolini to form a government, and Mussolini became the Prime Minister of Italy.
17. Name the Bretton Woods Twins.
Show Answer
The "Bretton Woods Twins" are the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank (originally the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development - IBRD).
18. What was Marshall Plan?
Show Answer
The Marshall Plan, officially the European Recovery Program, was an American initiative to provide economic aid to Western European countries after World War II. Its goals were to rebuild war-torn regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and prevent the spread of communism.
19. Write a note on reforms of Ramalinga Adigal.
Show Answer
Ramalinga Adigal's reforms focused on universal love and brotherhood. He condemned the caste system and religious divisions. He founded the "Samarasa Suddha Sanmarga Satya Sangam" in 1865. His concept of 'Jeeva Karunya' (compassion towards all living beings) led him to establish a free feeding house, the "Sathya Dharma Salai," in Vadalur for everyone, irrespective of caste.
20. Name the neighbouring countries of India
Show Answer
India's neighbouring countries are:
Land Borders: Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar.
Sea Borders: Sri Lanka and Maldives.
21. List the factors affecting climate of India
Show Answer
The factors affecting the climate of India are:
1. Latitude
2. Altitude
3. Distance from the Sea
4. Monsoon Winds
5. Relief Features
6. Jet Streams
22. State any two characteristics of black cotton soil.
Show Answer
Two characteristics of black cotton soil are:
1. It has high clay content, which gives it high moisture retention capacity.
2. It is sticky when wet and develops deep cracks when dry, which helps in soil aeration (a phenomenon called self-ploughing).
23. State the uses of magnesium.
Show Answer
The uses of magnesium include:
1. It is used to make lightweight alloys, especially with aluminium, for aircraft and automobile parts.
2. It is used in pyrotechnics, flares, and incendiary bombs due to its bright burning property.
24. Define "International trade".
Show Answer
International trade is the exchange of goods, services, and capital across international borders or territories. It allows countries to expand their markets and access goods and services that may not be available domestically.
25. What are the classical languages in India?
Show Answer
There are six languages in India that have been designated as Classical Languages:
1. Tamil (2004)
2. Sanskrit (2005)
3. Telugu (2008)
4. Kannada (2008)
5. Malayalam (2013)
6. Odia (2014)
26. Write short note: Money Bill
Show Answer
A Money Bill is a bill that deals with financial matters such as taxation, government borrowing, and expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India. It can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha with the President's prior recommendation. The Rajya Sabha can only suggest amendments but cannot reject or amend it; it must return the bill within 14 days.
27. What is per capita income?
Show Answer
Per capita income is the average income earned per person in a country or a region over a specific period, usually a year. It is calculated by dividing the country's total national income (or GDP) by its total population.
28. Define food security according to FAO
Show Answer
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), "Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food which meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life."
PART - III (10x5=50)
Note: Answer any ten questions. (Question No. 42 is compulsory)
29. Fill in the Blanks :
Show Answer
- i) Locarno Treaty was signed in the year 1925.
- ii) The alliance between Italy, Germany and Japan is known as the Axis Powers.
- iii) In India the first census was carried out in the year 1872 (the first synchronous census was in 1881).
- iv) The Vice President of India is the Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.
- v) Agriculture (or related activities) is the primary sector in India.
30 to 42: Detailed solutions for these long-answer questions would be extensive. Key points for each are provided below for reference.
Click to see key points for Long Answers
30. Estimate the work done by the League of Nations.
Successes: Settled disputes between smaller nations (e.g., Aaland Islands, Upper Silesia). Did significant humanitarian work through agencies like the Health Organisation and ILO.
Failures: Failed to enforce its decisions on major powers. Could not stop Japanese aggression in Manchuria, Italian invasion of Ethiopia, or German rearmament, ultimately failing to prevent WWII.
31. Analyse the effects of the World War II.
Huge loss of life and property. End of colonialism. Division of Germany. Formation of the United Nations (UN). Emergence of USA and USSR as superpowers, leading to the Cold War. Bipolar world order and ideological conflict between capitalism and communism.
32. (a) Distinguish between :
i) Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains:
Western: Narrow, located between Western Ghats and Arabian Sea, has estuaries, receives more rainfall from SW monsoon, ports like Mumbai, Kandla.
Eastern: Broader, located between Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal, has fertile deltas (Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri), receives rainfall from both SW and NE monsoons, ports like Chennai, Visakhapatnam.
ii) Metallic and non-metallic minerals:
Metallic: Contain metal in raw form, have lustre, are malleable and ductile, good conductors of heat/electricity (e.g., Iron ore, Copper, Gold).
Non-metallic: Do not contain metals, lack lustre, are brittle, poor conductors (e.g., Limestone, Mica, Gypsum).
32. (b) Give Reasons for the following: Agriculture is the backbone of India
Provides livelihood for over 50% of the population. Ensures food security for the nation. Supplies raw materials for major industries (textile, sugar). Contributes significantly to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Earns foreign exchange through exports of agricultural products.
33. Estimate the role of Mao Tse tung in making China a communist country.
Led the Long March to preserve communist forces. Led the Communist Party of China (CPC) to victory against the Nationalists (Kuomintang) in the Chinese Civil War. Established the People's Republic of China (PRC) in 1949. Implemented land reforms and collectivization. Launched campaigns like the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution to transform China's society and economy along communist lines.
34. Explain the divisions of Northern Mountains and its importance to India.
Divisions: 1. The Trans-Himalayas. 2. The Himalayas (Himadri, Himachal, Siwaliks). 3. The Purvanchal Hills (Eastern Hills).
Importance: Act as a natural barrier against foreign invasions and cold winds from Central Asia. Source of perennial rivers like Ganga and Brahmaputra. Rich in biodiversity and forest wealth. Promote tourism and pilgrimage. Influence the climate, especially the monsoon.
35. Write about South West Monsoon.
Originates due to intense low pressure over the Tibetan plateau. Blows from the sea to the land from June to September. Splits into two branches: the Arabian Sea branch and the Bay of Bengal branch. The Arabian Sea branch causes heavy rain on the Western Ghats. The Bay of Bengal branch strikes Myanmar and is deflected towards North India. It accounts for over 75% of India's annual rainfall.
36. Write about the distribution of cotton textile industries in India.
Concentrated in cotton-growing states. Maharashtra: Mumbai is the "Cottonopolis of India." Gujarat: Ahmedabad is the "Manchester of India." Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore is the "Manchester of South India." Other major centers are in Uttar Pradesh (Kanpur), West Bengal, and Madhya Pradesh. Factors for concentration include raw material availability, humid climate, market, transport, and skilled labor.
37. What are the powers and functions of the Chief Minister?
Head of the State Council of Ministers. Allocates portfolios to ministers. Presides over Cabinet meetings. Principal advisor to the Governor. Communicates all decisions of the Council of Ministers to the Governor. Can advise the Governor to dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
38. Explain the salient features of the Constitution of India.
Lengthiest written constitution in the world. Drawn from various sources. A blend of rigidity and flexibility. Federal system with a strong unitary bias. Parliamentary form of government. Independent judiciary. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, and Fundamental Duties. Universal Adult Franchise. Secular state.
39. Write the challenges of Globalization.
Loss of domestic industries due to intense foreign competition. Job losses in some sectors (outsourcing). Increased income inequality between skilled and unskilled labor. Potential for economic instability due to global financial crises. Environmental degradation due to increased industrial activity. Erosion of national sovereignty.
40. What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product? and explain it.
1. Expenditure Method: GDP = C + I + G + (X-M), where C=Consumption, I=Investment, G=Government Spending, X=Exports, M=Imports. It sums up all spending on final goods and services.
2. Income Method: Sums up all income earned by factors of production: Wages + Rent + Interest + Profit.
3. Value Added (or Product) Method: Sums the value added at each stage of production across all sectors (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary). It is calculated as Gross Value of Output minus the value of Intermediate Consumption.
41. (Timeline) / 42. (World Map) are practical exercises.
For Q41, key events between 1920-1950 are: Non-Cooperation Movement (1920), Dandi March (1930), Govt. of India Act (1935), Quit India Movement (1942), Indian Independence (1947), India becomes Republic (1950). For Q42, locations are Japan, Moscow, Hawaii, Italy, Turkey.
PART - IV (2x8=16)
Note: Answer the following questions. (Map questions require practical marking on a map).
43. (a) Discuss the main causes of the First World War.
OR
(b) State any five types of soil in India and explain the characteristics and distribution of soil.
Show Answer Key Points
(a) Causes of WWI:
1. Militarism: Arms race, build-up of armies and navies (e.g., Anglo-German naval race).
2. Alliances: The Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy) vs. The Triple Entente (Britain, France, Russia) created a rigid, two-bloc system.
3. Imperialism: Competition for colonies and resources led to conflicts (e.g., Moroccan crises).
4. Nationalism: Aggressive patriotism and desire for self-determination among ethnic groups (e.g., in the Balkans, the "powder keg of Europe").
5. Immediate Cause: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914.
(b) Five Types of Soil in India:
1. Alluvial Soil: Distribution - Northern Plains, river valleys. Characteristics - Formed by river deposits, very fertile, rich in potash, poor in phosphorous.
2. Black Soil: Distribution - Deccan Plateau (Maharashtra, Gujarat). Characteristics - Clayey, high moisture retention, ideal for cotton, rich in lime and iron.
3. Red and Yellow Soil: Distribution - Eastern and Southern parts of Deccan plateau. Characteristics - Develops on crystalline igneous rocks, reddish due to iron content, less fertile.
4. Laterite Soil: Distribution - Areas with high temperature and rainfall (Western Ghats). Characteristics - Formed by intense leaching, acidic, poor in nutrients, suitable for plantation crops.
5. Arid/Desert Soil: Distribution - Western Rajasthan. Characteristics - Sandy, saline, low in humus and moisture, requires irrigation for cultivation.
44. (a) Mark the following places on the given outline Map of India...
OR
(b) Mark the following places on the given outline Map of India...
Show Location Guide for Map Marking
(a) Map Locations:
1. Western Ghats: Mountain range running parallel to the western coast of India.
2. River Ganga: Originates in the Himalayas (Uttarakhand) and flows east through the Gangetic Plain into Bangladesh.
3. Deccan Plateaus: Large triangular plateau in southern India, south of the Narmada river.
4. Thar Desert: Large arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent (mainly in Rajasthan).
5. Direction of North East Monsoon wind: Arrows pointing from the northeast towards the southwest, primarily over the Bay of Bengal and affecting the Coromandel coast.
6. Tea growing area: Mark the state of Assam or the Darjeeling region in West Bengal.
7. Tuticorin: A major port city in southern Tamil Nadu.
8. Everest: The world's highest peak, located in the Himalayas on the border of Nepal and China (Tibet).
(b) Map Locations (OR):
1. Black Soil: Shade the region of the Deccan Trap, covering large parts of Maharashtra, and parts of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh.
2. Gulf of Mannar: The large shallow bay between the southeastern tip of India and the west coast of Sri Lanka.
3. Mettur Dam: On the Cauvery River in the Salem district of Tamil Nadu.
4. Agasthiyamalai biosphere reserve: At the southern end of the Western Ghats, in Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
5. Cauvery Delta: The fertile delta region in eastern Tamil Nadu where the Cauvery river drains into the Bay of Bengal.
6. Iron ore production centres: Mark any one major center like Bellary (Karnataka), Singhbhum (Jharkhand), or Bailadila (Chhattisgarh).
7. Palk Strait: The strait between the Tamil Nadu state of India and the Jaffna District of Sri Lanka.
8. State of highest literacy in India: Mark the entire state of Kerala.