🌍 Social Science Question Papers (EM) 10th Standard Latest Syllabus Solutions, Official Question Papers, Answer Key, First Mid Term Exam Original Question Paper | Salem District

First Mid Term Test - 2022

10th Standard - Social Science | Questions and Solutions

Question Paper

Time: 1.30 Hrs | Marks: 50

I. Choose the best answer. (10 X 1 = 10)

1. Who said "Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism"?
   • a) Lenin
   • b) Marx
   • c) Sun-Yat-Sen
   • d) Mao Tsetung
2. Which part of the world disliked dollar imperialism?
   • a) Europe
   • b) Latin America
   • c) India
   • d) China
3. ...................... river is known as 'sorrow of Bihar'.
   • a) Narmada
   • b) Godavari
   • c) Kosi
   • d) Damodhar
4. ...................... is a line joining the places of equal rainfall.
   • a) Isohyets
   • b) Isobar
   • c) Isotherm
   • d) Latitudes
5. How many times has the Preamble to the constitution of India been amended?
   • a) Once
   • b) Twice
   • c) Thrice
   • d) Never
6. Under which Article can a financial emergency be proclaimed?
   • a) Article 352
   • b) Article 356
   • c) Article 360
   • d) Article 368
7. Primary sector consists of ...................... .
   • a) Agriculture
   • b) Automobiles
   • c) Trade
   • d) Banking
8. Indian economy is a ...................... .
   • a) Developing Economy
   • b) Emerging Economy
   • c) Dual economy
   • d) All the above
9. Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?
   • a) Germany
   • b) Russia
   • c) Italy
   • d) France
10. The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separates India from ...................... .
    • a) Goa
    • b) West Bengal
    • c) Sri Lanka
    • d) Maldives

II. Match the following. (5 X 1 = 5)

Column A	Column B
1. Hall of Mirrors	Khadhar
2. Transvaal	West Bengal
3. New Alluvium	Tamil
4. Sundarbans	Versailles
5. Classical language	Gold

III. Answer shortly. (5 X 2 = 10)

1. Name the countries in the Triple Entente.
2. Name the neighbouring countries of India.
3. Name the four distinct seasons of India.
4. What are the classical languages in India?
5. What is per capita income?

IV. Answer in detail. (Answer any five). (5 X 5 = 25)

1. What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product?
2. Explain the salient features of the constitution of India.
3. Explain the divisions of Northern Mountains and their importance.
4. Distinguish between:
   • Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats
   • Weather and Climate
   Give Reason: Why are the Himalayas called young fold mountains?
5. Discuss the main causes of the First World War.
6. Draw a timeline of any five world events from 1900 - 1920.

Solutions

I. Choose the best answer.

1. Who said "Imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism"?

Solution:

a) Lenin

Explanation: This is the title of a book written by Vladimir Lenin in 1916, where he describes imperialism as a natural outcome of advanced capitalism.

2. Which part of the world disliked dollar imperialism?

Solution:

b) Latin America

Explanation: Latin American countries particularly resented the United States' policy of "dollar diplomacy," which involved using its economic power to exert influence and control over them.

3. ...................... river is known as 'sorrow of Bihar'.

Solution:

c) Kosi

Explanation: The Kosi river is infamous for its frequent and devastating floods in the state of Bihar, earning it the name "Sorrow of Bihar."

4. ...................... is a line joining the places of equal rainfall.

Solution:

a) Isohyets

Explanation: Isohyets are lines on a map connecting points that have the same amount of precipitation in a given period.

5. How many times has the Preamble to the constitution of India been amended?

Solution:

a) Once

Explanation: The Preamble has been amended only once by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1976, which added three new words: Socialist, Secular, and Integrity.

6. Under which Article can a financial emergency be proclaimed?

Solution:

c) Article 360

Explanation: Article 360 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to proclaim a financial emergency if a situation arises that threatens the financial stability or credit of India.

7. Primary sector consists of ...................... .

Solution:

a) Agriculture

Explanation: The primary sector of the economy involves the extraction and harvesting of natural resources. This includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and mining.

8. Indian economy is a ...................... .

Solution:

d) All the above

Explanation: The Indian economy is a Developing Economy (not yet fully developed), an Emerging Economy (growing rapidly), and a Dual Economy (coexistence of modern and traditional sectors, and public and private sectors).

9. Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?

Solution:

b) Russia

Explanation: The Soviet Union (Russia) was expelled from the League of Nations in December 1939 for its invasion of Finland during the Winter War.

10. The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separates India from ...................... .

Solution:

c) Sri Lanka

Explanation: These two bodies of water form the maritime border between the southern coast of India and the island nation of Sri Lanka.

II. Match the following.

Solution:

Column A	Correct Match (Column B)
1. Hall of Mirrors	Versailles
2. Transvaal	Gold
3. New Alluvium	Khadhar
4. Sundarbans	West Bengal
5. Classical language	Tamil

III. Answer shortly.

1. Name the countries in the Triple Entente.

Solution:

The Triple Entente was a military alliance formed before World War I. The member countries were:

• France
• Britain (United Kingdom)
• Russia

2. Name the neighbouring countries of India.

Solution:

India shares its land borders with seven countries:

• North-West: Pakistan, Afghanistan
• North: China, Nepal, Bhutan
• East: Bangladesh, Myanmar

Its main maritime neighbors are Sri Lanka and Maldives.

3. Name the four distinct seasons of India.

Solution:

The four distinct seasons in India, as identified by the India Meteorological Department (IMD), are:

• The Winter Season: January to February
• The Summer Season (Pre-Monsoon): March to May
• The Southwest Monsoon Season (Rainy): June to September
• The Post-Monsoon Season (Retreating Monsoon): October to December

4. What are the classical languages in India?

Solution:

The Government of India has recognized six languages as "Classical Languages" based on their rich heritage and independent literary tradition. They are:

• Tamil (declared in 2004)
• Sanskrit (declared in 2005)
• Telugu (declared in 2008)
• Kannada (declared in 2008)
• Malayalam (declared in 2013)
• Odia (declared in 2014)

5. What is per capita income?

Solution:

Per Capita Income (PCI), or average income, measures the average income earned per person in a given area (country, region, etc.) in a specified year. It is calculated to determine the standard of living of a population.

The formula is:

Per Capita Income = National Income / Total Population

IV. Answer in detail.

1. What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product?

Solution:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. There are three primary methods to calculate it:

1. Expenditure Method: This method adds up all the spending on final goods and services in an economy. The formula is:

   GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)

   • C: Consumption (spending by households)
   • I: Investment (spending by businesses on capital)
   • G: Government Spending (on goods and services)
   • (X - M): Net Exports (Exports minus Imports)
2. Income Method: This method sums up all the income earned by the factors of production (labour, capital, land) within the country. It includes:
   • Wages and Salaries: Income from labour.
   • Rent: Income from property.
   • Interest: Income from capital.
   • Profit: Income of entrepreneurs.
   • It also includes taxes on production and imports, while subtracting subsidies.
3. Value-Added (or Production) Method: This method calculates GDP by summing the value added at each stage of production. "Value added" is the market value of a firm's output minus the value of the inputs it has purchased from others. This avoids the problem of double-counting intermediate goods.

2. Explain the salient features of the constitution of India.

Solution:

The Constitution of India is unique and has several distinguishing features:

• Lengthiest Written Constitution: It is the most detailed and longest written constitution in the world, containing a Preamble, and originally 395 Articles in 22 Parts and 8 Schedules.
• Drawn from Various Sources: It incorporates features from the constitutions of many countries, including the UK (Parliamentary Government), USA (Fundamental Rights, Judicial Review), Ireland (Directive Principles), and Canada (Federalism with a strong centre).
• Blend of Rigidity and Flexibility: The Constitution is neither too rigid nor too flexible. Some provisions can be amended by a simple majority, while others require a special majority.
• Federal System with Unitary Bias: India has a federal structure with a division of powers between the Centre and States. However, the Centre is stronger, with features like a single constitution, single citizenship, and emergency provisions.
• Parliamentary Form of Government: India has adopted the British parliamentary system, where the real executive power lies with the Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, who are collectively responsible to the Lok Sabha.
• Universal Adult Franchise: The Constitution guarantees the right to vote to every citizen above the age of 18 without any discrimination.
• Independent Judiciary: The Constitution provides for an independent and integrated judicial system with the Supreme Court at the apex to safeguard citizens' rights and act as the guardian of the Constitution.
• Secular State: The term 'Secular' (added by the 42nd Amendment) means that the state does not have an official religion and treats all religions equally.

3. Explain the divisions of Northern Mountains and their importance.

Solution:

The Northern Mountains of India are a massive mountain range stretching across the northern and northeastern parts of the country. They can be divided into three main groups:

A. Divisions of the Northern Mountains:

1. The Himalayas: This is the main mountain range, which consists of three parallel ranges from north to south:
   • The Greater Himalayas (Himadri): The northernmost and highest range, with an average height of 6,000 meters. It contains the world's highest peaks, like Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga.
   • The Lesser Himalayas (Himachal): Located south of the Himadri, with an average height of 3,700-4,500 meters. It features famous hill stations like Shimla and Mussoorie.
   • The Outer Himalayas (Siwaliks): The southernmost and lowest range, with an average height of 900-1,100 meters, forming valleys called 'Duns' (e.g., Dehradun).
2. The Trans-Himalayas: Also known as the Tibetan Himalayas, they lie to the north of the Himadri. Major ranges include Karakoram, Ladakh, and Zaskar.
3. The Purvanchal Hills (Eastern Himalayas): These are the eastern extension of the Himalayas, running along the northeastern border of India (e.g., Patkai Bum, Naga Hills).

B. Importance of the Northern Mountains:

• Climatic Influence: They act as a barrier, protecting India from cold winds and forcing monsoon rains.
• Source of Perennial Rivers: They are the source of major rivers like the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra.
• Fertile Plains: The rivers deposit fertile alluvial soil, forming the productive Northern Plains.
• Rich Biodiversity: They are home to a rich variety of flora and fauna.
• Tourism and Pilgrimage: They attract tourists and are home to important pilgrimage sites.
• Natural Defence: They have historically served as a natural barrier against invasions.

4. Distinguish between:

a) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats

Feature	Western Ghats	Eastern Ghats
Continuity	They are a continuous range, crossed only by a few passes.	They are discontinuous and irregular, eroded by rivers.
Location	Run parallel to the western coast of India.	Run parallel to the eastern coast of India.
Height	Higher, with an average elevation of 900-1600 meters.	Lower, with an average elevation of 600 meters.
Rivers	Source of many peninsular rivers like Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri.	Major rivers flow through them to drain into the Bay of Bengal.
Highest Peak	Anamudi (2,695 m) in Kerala is the highest peak.	Jindhagada Peak (1,690 m) in Andhra Pradesh is the highest peak.

b) Weather and Climate

Feature	Weather	Climate
Definition	The state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.	The average weather conditions of a large area over a long period (30+ years).
Time Scale	Short-term (hour-to-hour, day-to-day).	Long-term (decades, centuries).
Variability	Changes frequently and quickly.	Relatively stable and changes very slowly.
Example	"It will be rainy and cool in Chennai tomorrow."	"The tropical monsoon climate of India brings heavy rainfall in summer."

Give Reason: Why are the Himalayas called young fold mountains?

The Himalayas are called "young fold mountains" for two main geological reasons:

1. Recent Formation: Geologically, they are very young. They were formed by the collision of the Indian tectonic plate with the Eurasian plate, a process that began around 40-50 million years ago. In geological time, this is very recent.
2. Ongoing Growth: The Indian plate is still pushing against the Eurasian plate. This continuous pressure causes the Himalayas to continue to rise in height, indicating that the mountain-building process is still active. This makes them 'geologically alive' and hence, young.

5. Discuss the main causes of the First World War.

Solution:

The First World War (1914-1918) was caused by a complex interplay of long-term factors, often remembered by the acronym M-A-I-N:

• M - Militarism: A policy of building up a strong military for war. European powers engaged in a massive arms race, particularly the naval race between Britain and Germany, creating a war-like atmosphere.
• A - Alliances: A system of secret alliances divided Europe into two hostile camps:
  • The Triple Alliance (Central Powers): Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
  • The Triple Entente (Allied Powers): France, Britain, and Russia.
  This system ensured that a small conflict could escalate into a major war.
• I - Imperialism: European nations competed for colonies in Africa and Asia to secure raw materials and markets, leading to rivalries and clashes.
• N - Nationalism: Intense patriotism and the desire for national independence. This fueled rivalry between nations (e.g., France vs. Germany) and led to unrest in regions like the Balkans, where ethnic groups sought freedom from empires like Austria-Hungary.

Immediate Cause (The Spark): The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, by a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914. This event triggered the alliance system, leading Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia, which dragged all the major European powers into the conflict.

6. Draw a timeline of any five world events from 1900 - 1920.

Solution:

Here is a timeline of five significant world events between 1900 and 1920:

Year	Event
1905	Russo-Japanese War Ends: Japan's victory over Russia marked the first time a modern Asian power defeated a major European power, shifting the global balance of power.
1912	Sinking of the Titanic: The "unsinkable" passenger liner RMS Titanic sank on its maiden voyage after hitting an iceberg, leading to major reforms in maritime safety.
1914	Outbreak of World War I: Following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the complex system of European alliances was triggered, leading to the start of the Great War.
1917	Russian Revolution: Two revolutions in Russia led to the overthrow of the Tsarist autocracy and the establishment of the world's first communist state under the Bolsheviks.
1919	Treaty of Versailles Signed: The peace treaty that officially ended World War I was signed. Its harsh terms on Germany are often cited as a contributing factor to World War II.