Question 4.
Write short notes.
Biotechnology: Professional uses.
Answer:
Biotechnology is used professionally in the field of:
1. Agriculture.
2. Animal husbandry
3. Human health
4. Industrial Products
5. Environmental issues
6. Food biotechnology
7. DNA fingerprinting
1. Genetically Modified Crops such as tomatoes, brinjal, golden rice, hybrid seeds, BT cotton, and disease resistant plants are commercially produced through biotechnology.
2. Artificial insemination and embryo transfer are used in animal husbandry to improve both, the quantity and quality of animal products. For example milk, meat, wool, eggs etc.
3. Biotechnology helps to identify the role of gene in disease of a person. Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and heart diseases has become possible. Examples Biotechnology is useful for production of hormones like insulin, somatotropin, and interferon.
4. Various industrial chemicals can be produced through less expensive processes.
Example: Alcohol production from sugar.
5. It has become possible to solve environment related various problems with the help of biotechnology, for example treatment of sewage and solid waste.
6. Food Biotechnology: Food items like bread, cheese, wine, beer, yoghurt, vinegar are produced with the help of biotechnology.
7. DNA fingerprinting is another use of biotechnology, useful in forensic sciences in identifying criminals.
