மைதாவில் தயாரிக்கப்பட்ட பொருள்கள் வேண்டாம் (MAIDA)

✖பிஸ்கட், பிரட், புரோட்டா, சத்து இல்லை என்பதால் அல்ல, அதில் விஷம் தான் உள்ளது.!

 

இதை கொடுத்தால் உங்கள் கண்முன்னே உங்கள் சந்ததிகளின்

அழிவை காண்பீர்கள்.!

விழித்து கொள்ளுங்கள்.!

✖ சாக்லெட் வேண்டாம்.! (CHOCHALATES)

✔ வேண்டிய அளவு கடலை மிட்டாய், எள் மிட்டாய் வாங்கி கொடுங்கள்.!

✖pizza, burgers தவிர்க்கவும்.!

 (AVOID JUNK FOOD)

✔ கோதுமையை சொந்தமாக அரைத்து பயன்படுத்துங்கள்.! (WHEAT)

கடையில் உள்ளதில் சப்பாத்தி உப்ப, மிருதுவாக்க (Gluten) எனும்  வேதிப் பொருள் சேர்க்கப்படுகிறது!

✔ பழங்களில்  கொய்யா, வாழைப்பழம், விதை உள்ள திராட்சை 

Melons அதிகம் சேர்த்துகொள்ளுங்கள்.!

✖ corn flakes,oats வேண்டாம்.!

✔ கம்பு, தினை, ராகி, வரகு, சாமை, குதிரை வாலி  பயன்படுத்தவும்.!

✖சீனியே வேண்டாம்.! (SUGAR)

✔ தேன், வெல்லம், கருப்பட்டி, பனங்கற்கண்டு பயன்படுத்தவும்.

✔  black tea without sugar good

✔ சுக்கு, கொத்தமல்லி காபி நல்லது.

✖யார் வீட்டிற்கு சென்றாலும் குழந்தைகளுக்கு சாக்லெட் பிஸ்கட் வாங்கி செல்லாதீர்கள்.

✔ கடலைமிட்டாய், எள்மிட்டாய் வாங்கி செல்லுங்கள்.!

இது  Dr.சிவராமன் அவர்களின் வேண்டுகோள்.!!

✔ நாம் தான் முதலில் திருந்தவேண்டும்.!

பிள்ளைகளுக்கு அனைத்தையும் தருவதாய் மார்தட்டி கொள்ளும் நாம்

விஷத்தை கொடுத்து தளிரை கருக்க வேண்டாம்.!

Hyper activity because of this types of food also 

✔ பிள்ளைகளின் உடலை விஷத்தை கொடுத்து

சம்மட்டியால் அடித்து கொண்டிருக்கும் நாம்

பிள்ளைகளுக்கு பொறுமையாக கூறி புரிய வைப்போம்.!

வாழவேண்டும் ஆரோக்கியத்துடன்...!!

✔ நல்ல விசயங்களை படித்து விட்டு ஷேர் பண்ணுவோம்.....!

✔ ஓர் ஆண் தெரிந்து கொள்ளும் விசயம் அவனை மட்டுமே மாற்றும்....!

✔ஒர் பெண் தெரிந்து கொண்ட விசயம் குடும்பத்தையே மாற்றும்....!

✔எனவே, தயவுசெய்து இதை உங்கள் குடும்ப பெண் களுக்கு புரிய வையுங்கள்...!

மாற்றம் நிச்சயம்....!!

 இயற்கை மருத்துவம் :-

1) என்றும் 16 வயது வாழ ஓர் 🍈 ""நெல்லிக்கனி.""

2) இதயத்தை வலுப்படுத்த🌺 ""செம்பருத்திப் பூ"".

3) மூட்டு வலியை போக்கும் 🌿 ""முடக்கத்தான் கீரை.""

4) இருமல், மூக்கடைப்பு குணமாக்கும் 🍃""கற்பூரவல்லி"" (ஓமவல்லி).

5) நீரழிவு நோய் குணமாக்கும் 🌿""அரைக்கீரை.""

6) வாய்ப்புண், குடல்புண்களை குணமாக்கும்

🌿""மணத்தக்காளிகீரை"".

7) உடலை பொன்னிறமாக மாற்றும் 🍂""பொன்னாங்கண்ணி கீரை.""

8) மாரடைப்பு நீங்கும் 🍊""மாதுளம் பழம்.""

9) ரத்தத்தை சுத்தமாகும் 🌱""அருகம்புல்.""

10) கான்சர் நோயை குணமாக்கும் 🍈"" சீதா பழம்.""

11) மூளை வலிமைக்கு ஓர் ""பப்பாளி பழம்.""

12) நீரிழிவு நோயை குணமாக்கும் "" முள்ளங்கி.""

13) வாயு தொல்லையிலிருந்து விடுபட 🌿""வெந்தயக் கீரை.""

14) நீரிழிவு நோயை குணமாக்க 🍈"" வில்வம்.""

15) ரத்த அழுத்தத்தை குணமாக்கும் 🌿""துளசி.""

16) மார்பு சளி நீங்கும் ""சுண்டைக்காய்.""

17) சளி, ஆஸ்துமாவுக்கு 🌿""ஆடாதொடை.""

18) ஞாபகசக்தியை கொடுக்கும் 🌿""வல்லாரை கீரை.""

19) ரத்த அழுத்தத்தை குணமாக்கும் 🌿""பசலைக்கீரை.""

20) ரத்த சோகையை நீக்கும் 🍒"" பீட்ரூட்.""

21) ஜீரண சக்தியை அதிகப்படுத்தும்🍍"" அன்னாசி பழம்.""

22) முடி நரைக்காமல் இருக்க கல்யாண முருங்கை 🌾(முள் முருங்கை)

23) கேரட் + மல்லிகீரை + தேங்காய் ஜூஸ் 🌿🍪 கண்பார்வை அதிகரிக்கும் கேட்ராக்ட் வராது.

24) மார்புசளி, இருமலை குணமாக்கும் ""தூதுவளை""

25) முகம் அழகுபெற 🍇""திராட்சை பழம்.""

26) அஜீரணத்தை போக்கும் 🍃"" புதினா.""

27) மஞ்சள் காமாலை விரட்டும் 🌱“கீழாநெல்லி”

28) சிறுநீரக கற்களை தூள்தூளாக ஆக்கும் “வாழைத்தண்டு”.

பகிர்ந்து கொள்ளுங்கள் கண்டிப்பாக மற்றவர்களும்  அறிந்துகொள்ளட்டும்..!!

HELP TO THE POOR THE UPLIFTMENT OF THE DOWNTRODDEN

Outline: Tyranny of injustice in the world – champions of the downtrodden – Mahatma Gandhi – Dr. Ambedkar – social workers and philanthropists – Martin Luther King; - conclusion.

All over the world there are people who are miserable and unhappy because they are oppressed. Some are ground down by poverty and others by tyrants and oppressors or by an unjust social system. They find themselves quite helpless because of the tyranny of injustice.

From time to time there have arisen great and noble souls who have championed the cause of the downtrodden. Among these noble souls are Mahatma Gandhi, Dr.Ambedkar, and Martin Luther King.

Mahatma Gandhi gave up all he had to identify himself with the poor starving millions of India. Gandhi asserted that cottage industries should be encouraged to enable the poor to earn a livelihood. He believed in the worth and dignity of the human personality irrespective of birth of wealth. He fought to abolish untouchability and the caste system.

Dr.Ambedkar, having been born in the ranks of the downtrodden or scheduled caste, knew that disadvantages and disabilities they suffered from. He did his best to make the scheduled castes gain social acceptability.

Many social workers and philanthropists are also constantly striving to uphold human dignity and to give man the importance that is due to him as a rational and spiritual being.

Martin Luther King was a great humanist. Being an American Negro he was rightly placed to understand the problems of his own people. The main disadvantages they suffered from were segregation and lack of opportunity to come up in life. Discrimination was practiced by the whitest against the blacks. Martin Luther King fought by nonviolent and peaceful methods to do away with discrimination and segregation. He roused the social conscience against the injustice done to the Negro. He suffered imprisonment several times because he had the courage of his life convictions.

Thus we note that all those who work for the upliftment of the downtrodden are blessed with courage, unselfishness and a high sense of human dignity.    

MY IDEA OF A GOOD TEACHER

MY IDEA OF A GOOD TEACHER

Outline: Discipline: essential features of teaching – difficult to judge if a person will be able to keep a discipline in a class – room – difficult to keep discipline when a class is bored – adequate preparation for a teacher – great scholarship is useful to maintain discipline – qualities of a good teacher.

Discipline is an essential feature of teaching. Teaching can never be successful unless there is order and discipline in the classroom. Even the most learned teacher cannot teach without the help of discipline. It is difficult to say how exactly discipline should be maintained in a classroom. There are no hard and fast rules to be observed in maintaining discipline. Maintaining discipline is an art which comes naturally to some and is painfully mastered by others.   

It is not easy to judge by appearances whether a person will be able to keep discipline in a classroom. A teacher who appears to have physical strength and al the manly virtues may find himself completely unsuccessful in maintaining discipline in a classroom. On the other hand, a puny, timid girl may be completely successful in managing a class.

Discipline is difficult to maintain when a class is bored. A teacher must do his/her lesson interesting. He/she can think of novel ways of presenting his/her subject, like the French master who had invented a kind of game of cricket to teach irregular verbs. Adequate preparation is also one of the means of creating interest and maintaining discipline. A teacher who is industrious himself/herself can make his/her class work hard. Students like a teacher who can make them work hard.

Great scholarship is unnecessary in order to keep discipline. A teacher who has learnt less but has better understanding of students’ difficulties can keep better discipline. Scholarships and lofty qualifications can, in fact, sometimes be an obstacle to understanding students’ difficulties and sympathizing with them. 

Students always co-operate with a teacher who knows how to handle them. A teacher must be neither too severe nor too soft or sentimental in his/her approach to them. He needs to have a genuine liking for them and to be honest, industrious, cheerful and patient, if he/she wants to maintain discipline and be a successful teacher.

THE VALUE OF DISCIPLINE (OR) STUDENTS AND UNREST

Outline: Today students have lost the sense of discipline – no real education is possible without discipline – students must be taught to be disciplined – students must be kept busy by educational institutions – boredom – educational reforms.

Nowadays one hears of nothing but student discipline. If we open the daily newspaper we read about students going on strike, and even indulging in arson and act of violence. All this shows that today we have lost the sense of discipline. 

Students must realize that without discipline no real education is possible. The first school of discipline should be the home. The child spends the greater part of its life at home.ony five or six hours a day are spent in schools. Hence the seeds-of discipline need to be sown in the home by parents who are the child’s first teachers. If parents neglect their duty in disciplining a child, and allow it to have its own way in everything, they will create problems for teachers for and society at large. Children who come from homes that instill a sense of discipline are a credit to their parents and to the community. Children who are not disciplined grow up to be wild and lawless and a disgrace to the community.   

Students must be taught to be disciplined my making them work hard and take an interest in constructive activities like social service. Every student must be encouraged to have a hobby to take up his leisure hours. He must also be made to take an interest in activities that benefit the community and country and help those who are less fortunate than himself. Participation in games and sports is also helpful in keeping students away from undesirable activities and making them disciplined. Educational institutions should provide ample opportunities for students to participate in games, sports, debates, elocution and other extra-curricular activities. Then there will be no problem in maintaining discipline as students will have sufficient outlets for their surplus energy. Hence the best way to maintain discipline is to see that students keep themselves busy doing something useful and interesting.

Boredom is one of the causes of student indiscipline. The educational system should be overhauled to suit the need of modern living. Students get bored if they have to follow the outdated syllabus. To keep their interest in education alive, many educational reforms are necessary. Only then they will take an active interest in learning and automatically accept the idea of discipline.

THE IDEAL SCHOOL

Outline: Quite surroundings of natural beauty – equality – extra-curricular activities – the staff – extensive library – other prominent qualities – conclusion.

The Ideal school should be a temple of learning. It should be known for its single – minded devotion to learning.

It should be situated in the quite surroundings of natural beauty. The pupils should be able to find peace and quiet and derive inspiration from their surroundings. They should be free from financial worries so that they can concentrate whole-heartedly upon their studies. 

Equality of treatment and equality of opportunity should be there for all the pupils. No student should enjoy privileges or be given a prize because he is related to a benefactor or a trustee of the school.

Games should be there by way of rest and relaxation so that the students may return to their studies with renewed vigour.

There should be no extra-curricular activities to divert the attention of the pupils from their main business, that is, study. Pupils must be encouraged to concentrate on study and study alone. The staff should consist of teachers who are eminent in their own field. Their teaching should fire the pupils with enthusiasm for their subjects.

The School should have an extensive library where every possible reference book is available. There must be fixed working hours for students to read in this library.

The Ideal School should attract pupils from just about anywhere, any background, it should open its doors to the handicapped, learning disabled. Knowledge being the birth right of one and all. It should inculcate in its pupils a spirit of brotherhood and a broad-minded and tolerant outlook. The only qualification for entering this school should be that a pupil is a genuine seeker after knowledge. He must also be prepared to take great pains in order to satisfy his thirst for knowledge.

The Ideal School must encourage its pupils to think for themselves. They must not take whatever they read or hear for granted. They must be able to form their own opinion and exchange views with others. They must keep an open mind and not be narrow or intolerant in their outlook.

Last but not least, the Ideal School must impress on its pupils that knowledge is a priceless possession to be used for its own sake and not as a means to an end. It will thus be imparting education in the real sense of the term.         

ON WRITING BUSINESS LETTERS

Outline: Simple and straightforward – appearance – neatness and accuracy – friendly tone – should be clear, concise and to the point – unfailing courtesy – summing up.

Modern Business Letters tend to be simple and straight-forward. They have discarded commercial and old-fashioned jargon. There are several characteristics that we look for in a good Business Letter.

To start with, the appearance of a letter is important in making a good first impression. It should be typed on fairly good quality white paper. It should also have the company letterhead printed on it giving all essential information about a company-name and address, telephone number, fax number, e-mail address, website details etc.

Neatness and accuracy are other features that we expect to find in a good Business letter. A letter that is badly typed with several erasures and corrections makes a bad impression on the reader.

The tone of a good business letter must be friendly without wasting too much of the receiver’s time. The letter should be clear, concise and to the point. Business people have no time to waste in scrutinizing lengthy letters, that beat about the bush, and irritate the reader, because they take too long to come to the point. A conversational approach should be adopted rather than a formal one. It should express a readiness to serve and give due importance to a customer without being unnecessarily servile. It should show that the seller takes an active interest in the welfare of the buyer.

Unfailing courtesy is a characteristic that should that should never be absent from a business letter. No matter how irritating a customer is, or painfully slow in setting his bills, a business letter must be courteous, though firm. It must appeal to a customer’s better sense, and he will cease to be troublesome. He will try to live up to the good opinion of him expressed in the letter.

To sum up, therefore, fact, courtesy, brevity, clarity, neatness and friendliness are some of the important characteristics of a good business letter.

THE WISDOM OF CHILDHOOD

Outline: Wordsworth and the bible – wisdom – a divine quality – wisdom of childhood – wisdom of children analysed – conclusion.

The English Nature poet Wordsworth believed that children are truly wise, for they are very close to Nature and God. The Bible again tells us that wisdom comes out of the mouth of babes, that is-little children.

Wisdom is a divine quality that we usually associate with age. The older one grows, the wiser one supposed to be. But the wisdom of age is the wisdom gained from practical experience. It is the result of our observation of men and events, and also of painful personal experience. Men learn to be cautious and prudent as the consequence of the wisdom of age.

Very different from this, however, is the wisdom of childhood. Wordsworth says that Heaven lies about us in our infancy, but the shades of the prison house begin to close upon the growing boy. A child is simple and natural in its tastes and habits. It is free from the artificialities of civilized life. Children love to be out in the open air enjoying the sights and sounds in Nature.

Children also have the wisdom to appreciate the value of discipline. They know to respect those teachers and parents who can quietly but firmly enforce discipline. They are wise enough to know who has a genuine liking for them and who has not. They respond readily to affection and kindness, but they can be quite nasty to those who dislike them.

A child’s wisdom makes him have a strict sense of justice. Whether he is at home or at school, he does not like those who are unjust or partial to anyone. He is wise enough to be loyal to his friends. He is sincere and truthful in his attitude. Diplomacy and hypocrisy are unknown to his guileless nature.

As a child grows up, however, he comes in contact with undesirable influences and gradually loses the wisdom of childhood. As he grows more familiar with the civilized world he loses several of the child slowly but surely replaced by opportunism, greed, hypocrisy and artificiality. A child be it a boy or a girl goes through the very same transition from childhood to adolescence and adulthood as far as wisdom is concerned.

GIFTS

Outline: A donation, a dole etc. are not gifts – nor are wedding and birthday presents true gifts – gift must reflect the tastes of the recipient – giving gifts is a complicated business – the nature of a true gift summed up. 

There are gifts that are no gifts, just as there are books that are no books. A donation is not a gift. A portrait painted, a teapot presented by subscription, is not a gift. The true gift is from one to one. Furthermore, tea, sugar, and clothes are not gifts. If I bestow these conveniences on one old woman, she may regard them in that aspect; but if I bestow them on eleven others at the same time, she looks upon them as her right. By giving more I have given less. The dole is no more like the gift than charity is like live. A thousand-rupee cheque on the occasion of a marriage is not a gift; it is a transfer of property.

In fact, presents given or received on occasions like birthdays and weddings are not true gifts. In many cases, they signify not love but respect for convention. Secondly, a person receives too many presents on such an occasion. It is not within the bounds of possibility that a human being can appreciate more than, say, fifty presents at a time. As a lily blooming in winter, so is the unexpected gift. But the gift that arrives by tens and tens is a nightmare and an oppression.

A gift-to be a gift-must not be asked for. If it is asked for it ceases to be an expression of love and becomes a commercial transaction. A gift should reflect the personality and preference not only of the giver but of the recipient. If I love reading, I should not present my friend who is a sportsman with voluminous books.

It is a complicated business altogether. Three minutes of serious thinking make it impossible for anyone to give anyone anything. Yet the deed is done every year boldly and openly, and few are aware that they have undertaken a more delicate transaction than the robbery of a bank in broad daylight. A true gift, then, is a symbol of love and affection. It is spontaneous, unexpected, rare, and surprising. It need not be spectacular and expensive. In many cases, the smaller, the more insignificant the gift, the longer it is remembered. There may be many motives for keeping the Golden Rose; there can be one for keeping a rose-leaf. As an ancient writer has said, “Great grace goes with a little gift, and all the offerings of friends are precious.”    

CURIOSITY – THE MOTHER OF DISCOVERY

Outline: Introduction – we owe our food and drink to curiosity – the sea-another field of human curiosity – education system – a spur to curiosity.

Curiosity, so the saying goes, killed a cat, and a cat has nine lives! But the cat’s curiosity, to the best of my knowledge, has never mothered any discoveries. But human curiosity is quite different and has led to countless valuable discoveries.

Consider, for instance, the things we eat and the things we drink today. To satisfy our hunger, we have a wide variety of palatable and nutritious cereals, an infinite variety of delicious fruits, an abundance of fish, flesh and fowl to suit every taste. So also to quench our thirst we have, apart from the life-giving water, a host of drinks like milk, tea and coffee, not to speak of heady wines. All these we consume with pleasure and relish. But do we pause to think of their history?

Man was curious about the use of different kinds of leaves. Just consider how many different-kinds of leaves he plucked, dried and brewed before he carve upon the plant, which today provides us with refreshing cup of tea. How many different-kinds of beans were dried, roasted and ground before he discovered the coffee and the cocoa plants! Similar was the story of cereals, fruits, vegetables, flesh, fish and fowl, insatiable curiosity bringing in its wake a process of trial and error which never ceased till a useful discovery was made.

To turn to another field of human curiosity-the sea. Undoubtedly, the sea-boundless, fathomless and mysterious-had a curious fascination for our early ancestors. We can imagine them standing on the seahorse, wondering what there was on the other side of the water. As the years rolled on other curiosity grew stronger until at last they were emboldened to risk their lives and sail on the high seas in vessels which, compared with the mighty modern liners, were mere eggshells. Those were the days of the intrepid navigators like Columbus, Magellan, Vasco-da-Gama and Drake. These daring mariners brought to light the New World and other lands and dimes with peoples and cultures till then unknown.

The mother of all invention, namely curiosity should be kept alight as it were all the time. The effort of the education system among others should be to keep the students asking questions, burning with zeal to discover.  

THOSE PEOPLE NEXT DOOR

Outline: People in cities do not know their neighbours – villagers know all about their neighbours – we tend to think ill of our neighbours – we must remember that we ourselves are neighbours to others.

We who live in the cities all have neighbours, and for the most part ‘thin partitions do our realms divide’. It is true that, however thin the wall, we seldom know our neighbors. If the man who has lived next door to me in a suburb of Mumbai for the last half-dozen years came and sat down beside me in a restaurant, I should not, as the saying is, know him from Adam. In this vast whirlpool of Mumbai he goes his way and I mine, and our paths are not likely to cross though we go on living beside each other.

I do not know whether he is short or tall, old or young, or anything about him, and I am sure he is in the same state of contented ignorance about me. Our intercourse is limited to the noises we make with the piano, the radio, the television and so on. When he has friend to visit him we learn something about him from the sounds he make, the music they play, and the time they go away (often inexcusably late). But apart from that vague intimation, my neighbour might be living Mars or on the Moon. Perhaps some day his house (or mine) will be on fire, and then I dare say we shall become acquainted. But apart from such catastrophe as this there seems no reason why we should ever exchange a word on this side of the grave.

It is not pride or incivility on either side that keeps us remote from each other. It is simply our way of living in a metropolis. People are so plentiful that they lose their identity. In villages and small towns a person knows all about his neighbour, his affairs, his family, his calling, and his habits. Neighbours commonly borrow from one another all sorts of things they need-newspapers, sugar, milk and so forth. This is not always so desirable as it seems. Village life can be poisoned by neighbours until the victim pines for the solitude of a city street, where neighbours are so plentiful that you are no more conscious of their individual existence than if they were blackberries on a hedgerow.

On the occasions when we become acutely conscious of our neighbours, the temptation is to think ill of them. They always manage to be gay when you are sleepy. If they are not guilty of criminal waste, they can be convicted of shabby parsimony. They either dress too luxuriously or do not dress luxuriously enough for the decencies of the neighbourhood. Their habits and their friends, the music they play, the pets that they keep, the newspapers they read-all these things confirm our darkest fears. It is possible to believe anything about them-especially the worst. What are those sudden shrieks and gusts of laughter? Is there not an alcoholic suggestion about such undisciplined hilarity?

The truth is that we know too much about our neighbours, and do not know enough. They are revealed to us in fragments, and in putting the fragments together we do not spare them. There is nothing so misleading as half-heard and half-understood scraps. The curious thing about those people next door is that, if you ever come to know them, you find they are not a bit like what you thought they were. You find to your astonishment that they have redeeming features, perhaps they find that we have redeeming features, too. For the chastening truth is that we all play the role of those people next door to somebody. We are all being judged, and generally very unfavourably judged, on evidence which, if we knew it, would greatly astonish us. It might help us to be a little more charitable about those people next door if we occasionally remembered that we are those people next door ourselves.

FRIENDS

Outline: Man is a social being – choice of friends – influence of bad friends – fair-weather friends – devotion to friends.

Man cannot live alone. He lives in a society. As a member of that society he comes into contact with a number of his fellowmen. Among them some are his acquaintances while some are intimately associated with him. It is from this section of people that he makes friends.

One must be careful in the choice of friends. There are good friends and bad friends. The former have a healthy influence on the character and way of life of the person who associates with them. He acquires qualities of truthfulness, honesty, charity, constancy and other virtues. If one is in difficulties, a loyal friend will never let him down. He will come to his rescue in times of adversity. A person may be in a state of despondency due to some calamity or the other. In all such situations a true friend will always come to his aid. A friend who remains loyal under any circumstances is a true friend. He is ever ready to risk his life for the sake of his dear companion.

We should beware of bad friends and the bad influence they wield over us. To be in the company of such characters is to take the surest road to ruin. It may lead to infidelity, drunkenness, profligacy, sloth, ingratitude and other vicious habits. Hence the saying, ‘A man is judged by the company he keeps.’

The story of the Prodigal Son illustrates how the so-called friends cling as long as one has riches to lavish. Such companions who pretend to be friends are parasites. They sponge on you. But the moment you are reduced to poverty they abandon you. They are fair-weather friends and must be shunned at all costs. The prodigal son was justly punished for his extravagance. None of his so-called friends came near him when he was reduced to penury. He had finally to decide to return to his parental home, the only place that could welcome him.

We should be devoted to our friends who will share our joys and sorrows, who will exult in our prosperity and weep over our woes. Let us remember what Shakespeare says:

“Be then familiar, but by no means vulgar,

The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried, 

Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel.”

ON A PAINTED FACE

Outline: A painted face is proper on the stage – in actual life it is an attempt to deceive – it never achieves its object – the beauty of old age – the painted face of youth is disgusting.

If there is one thing I abominate, above all others, it is a painted face. On the stage, of course, it is right and proper. The stage is a world of make-believe, and it is the business of the lady of sixty, to give you the impression that she is a sweet young thing of seventeen. There is no affectation in this. It is her vocation to be young, and she follows it as willingly or unwillingly as you or I follow our respective callings.

When anyone, not compelled to do it for a living, should paint the face or dye the hair is, to me, unintelligible. It is like attempting to pass off a counterfeit coin. It is either a confession that one is so ashamed of one’s face that one dare not let it be seen in public, or it is an attempt to deceive the world into accepting you as something-other than you are.

The paint on the face and the dye on the hair never really achieve their object. It they did they would not cease to be a sham, but at least they would not be a transparent sham. There are, of course, degrees of failure. Mrs. Gamp’s curls were so obviously false that they could not be said to be intended to deceive. On the other hand, the great lady who employs the most scientific face-makers skill in order to deceive the encroachments of time does very succeed. But her failure is really more tragic than that of Mrs. Gamp. How tragic I realized one day when I was introduced to a distinguished ‘Society’ woman, whose youthful beauty was popularly supposed to have survived to old age. At a distance she did indeed seem to be a miracle of girlish liveliness. But when I came close to her and saw the old, bleared eyes in the midst of that beautifully enameled face, the peering out triumphantly through the painted mask.

Why should we be so much afraid of wrinkles and grey hair? In their place they can be as beautiful as the freshest glow on the face of youth. There is a beauty of the sunrise and a beauty of the sunset. And of the two the beauty of the sunset is the deeper and more spiritual.

And if the painted face of age is horrible the painted face of youth is disgusting. It is artistically bad and spiritually worse. It is like painting the lily or adding a perfume to the violet. These things are the symptoms of a diseased mind-a mind that has lost the healthy love of truth and nature and has taken refuge in falsities and shams. The paint on the does not stop at the cheeks. It stains the soul. 

ON HABITS

Outline: I was in conflict with a habit – an example of the tyranny of habits – advantages of habits – we shouldn’t be their slaves – conclusion.

I sat down to write an article this morning, but found I could make no progress. I was writing with a pen-anew, excellent pen. Then it occurred to me that I was in conflict with a habit. It is my practice to do my writing with a pencil. Put a pencil in my hand, seat me before a blank writing pad in an empty room, and I am, as they say of the children, as good as gold. But here was I sitting with a pen in my hand, and the whole complex of habit was disturbed. The pen kept intruding between me and my thoughts. It was unfamiliar to the touch.

The tyranny of little habits which is familiar to all of us is nowhere better described than in the story which Sir Walter Scott told of his school days. “There was “he said,” a boy in my class who stood always at the top, nor could I with all my effort supplant him. I observed that, when a question was asked him, he always fumbled with his fingers at a particular button in the lower part of his waistcoat…to remove it, therefore, became expedient in my eye, and in an evil moment it was removed with a knife. When the boy was again questioned, his finger sought again for the button, but it was not to be found. In his distress he looked down for it – it was not be seen. He stood confounded, and I took possession of his place.”

There is no harm in cultivating habits, so long as they – are not injurious habits. Indeed, most of us are little more than bundles of habits neatly done up in coat and trousers. Habits simplify the mechanism of life. They enable us to do a multitude of thing automatically which, if we had to give fresh and original thought to them each time, would make existence an impossible confusion.

But habits should be a stick that we use, not a crutch to lean on. We ought to make them for our convenience or enjoyment and occasionally break them to assert our independence. We ought to be able to employ them, without being discomposed when we cannot employ them.

I happily had a remedy for my disquietude. I put away my pen, took out a pencil, and, launched once more into a comfortable rut of habit, I began to write with ease. And this is the (I hope) pardonable result

ON CATCHING THE TRAIN

Outline: Introduction – some people catch trains with ease – an example – I am nervous about catching trains – this train – fever is a symptom.

Thank heaven! I have caught it… I am in a corner seat, the compartment is not crowded, the train is about to start, and for an hour and half, while I travel towards my destination, I can read, or think or write, or sleep, or talk, as I choose.

There are some people who make nothing of catching trains. They can catch trains with miraculous ease. They are never too early and never too late. They leave home or office with a quite certainty of doing the thing that is simply stupefying. Whether they walk, or take a bus, or call a taxi, it is the same they do not hurry, they do not worry, and when then find they are in time and that there’s plenty of room they manifest no surprise.

I am reminded of a man who was enormously particular about trains and arrangement the day or the week before he needed them, and he was wonderfully efficient at the job. But as the time approached for catching a train he became exasperatingly calm and leisured. He began to take his time over everything and to concern himself with the arrangements of the next day or the next week, as though he had forgotten all about the train that was imminent, or was careless whether he caught it or not. And when at last he had got to the train, he began to remember things. He would stroll off to get a time – table or to buy a book, or to look at the engine. The nearer the minute for starting, the more absorbed he became in the mechanism of the engine. He was always given up at last, and yet always stepped in as the train was on the move, his manner perfectly unruffled.

Now I am different I have been catching trains all my life, and all my life I have been afraid I shouldn’t catch them. Familiarity with the habits of trains cannot rid me of a secret conviction that their aim is to give me the slip if it can be done. No faith in my own watch can affect my doubts as to the reliability of the watch of the guard or the station clock or whatever deceitful signal the engine-drive obeys. Moreover, I am oppressed with the possibilities of delay on the road to the station. There may be a block in the streets, the bus may break down, the taxi-driver may be drunk or not know the way, or think I don’t know the way, and take me round and round the squares, or in fact anything may happen, and it is never until I am safely inside (as I am now) that I feel really happy.

This train – fever is, of course, only a symptom. It proceeds from that imaginative fear that is so common and incurable an affliction. The complaint has been very well satirised by one who suffered from it. “I have had many severe troubles in my life,” he said, “but most of them never happened”. That is it. We people who worry about the trains and similar things live in a world of imaginative disaster. The heavens are always going to fall on us. We look ahead, like Christians during ancient Roman days and see the lions waiting to devour us, and when we find they are poor imitation lions, our timorous imagination is not set at rest, but invents other lions to scare us out of our wits.

THE QUALITIES THAT I LIKE MOST IN MEN MY IDEA OF A GENTLEMAN

1. THE QUALITIES THAT I LIKE MOST IN MEN
2. MY IDEA OF A GENTLEMAN

Outline: Introduction kindness – courtesy – humour – unselfishness and helpfulness – chivalry – tolerance – sincerity and loyalty – conclusion.

There are several qualities that make a man lovable. One of the most important of these is kindliness. Everyone appreciates a person who is gentle and kind. Kindliness springs from selflessness, a sort of consideration for others’ feelings.

Courtesy is another quality for which a man is liked wherever he goes. Rude and tactless people will be shunned and disliked. They will find themselves unable to make friends.

Humour is a quality which is not very common. A sense of humour helps to make life pleasant. No one can be humorous unless he is cheerful. Smiling and cheerful people are much sought after. They are like a ray of sunshine in people’s lives. In their presence troubles vanish and the world becomes a better to place to live in.

Selflessness and helpfulness are other qualities which I like and admire a great deal. The unselfish man has no thought to spare for himself. He works for the welfare of others. He goes out of his way to help people get out of their difficulties or to lessen their distress.

Chivalry is another quality which is admirable but rather rare nowadays. Chivalry makes a man defend the case of the weak and opposed. In a world where might is right, chivalry is sorely missed.

Tolerance, or the quality which makes us put up with the defects of others, is also an uncommon quality. Fault-finding and criticism are very common. So the tolerant man is as rare as a precious gem.

Sincerity and loyalty to one’s friends are qualities to be much admired. Never allowing our friends to be attacked, either in their presence or in their absence, shows how loyal we are to them. Sincerity makes us straightforward in speech and action. We will not stoop to meanness of any kind. Lastly a strict sense of justice is an admirable quality. It makes us ensure that no harm is done, that no one is treated unfairly or unjustly, it will make us burn at the knowledge of injustice and we shall never be able to rest until justice is done to those who are wronged.

To my mind to be a real man, a thorough gentleman, one must necessarily possess each of the above mentioned qualities in good measure.  

MAJOR COMMINITIES IN INDIA

Outline: Two major communities – minority community – Muslims and the English immigrant children – mutual understanding will bring about harmony between the Hindus and Muslims.

There were various communities in India. The two major communities are the Hindus and the Muslims. Owing to unavoidable historical circumstances, the relations between the two communities have been embittered, and several communal riots have broken out. Those living today have nothing to do with what happened way back in history and yet because people are not willing to forgive and forget, thanks to the politicians, the anger continues. 

The minority community feels insecure and is consequently dissatisfied. There is no reason why it should be dissatisfied since India is a secular country. The root of the trouble is lack of understanding between the two communities. But the causes of this lack of understanding are historical, political and economical rather than cultural or linguistic.

Muslims, for example, cannot be compared to the immigrant children in England. While the surrounding of immigrants are entirely unfamiliar, the surroundings of Indian Muslims cannot be said to be so. While immigrant children don’t know English, a foreign language, many Indian Muslims speak or at least know the language of the region in which they live. On the whole, language is not a great barrier between two communities.

But knowing or speaking a language is one thing, and studying it and its literature with a view to understand the cultural values embodied in them is quite another. Each community should try to understand the cultural values embodied in the languages of the community, whether they are Urdu, Persian, Sanskrit or modern Indian languages. Such a mutual understanding will facilitate the solution of the communal problem.

LIFE IN AN INDIAN VILLAGE

Outline: How I happened to visit a village- it was a typical village- the drawbacks of village life – its attractions – compensations.

Two of my classmates hail from a village in Maharashtra. Last year they invited me to spend some of my summer holidays with them. I accepted the invitation and stayed with them for a week. It was my first experience of village life, and it was most delightful and educative.

I believe that my friends’ village is representative of rural India, where 75 percent of the Indian population lives. It is backward in several respects; yet it has benefited from the not so recent Five- year plans and community projects. It has a primary school, a dispensary, and it is connected with a railway station by a motorable road. Hence, in describing my impressions of this village, I am recording my response to rural India which represents the real India.

Life in this village seemed to be drab, monotonous and tagnant. I felt intellectually starved, as there were no books and the daily newspaper came in the evening. Nor were there places of entertainment like clubs, cinema-houses, and decent restaurants. Several localities and roads were dusty and unclean. I was appalled at the poverty of many of the villagers who constantly borrowed money from the local money- lenders at an exorbitant rate of interest. They lived in mud- houses which were dimly lit by oil- lamps after evening, as the village had no electricity yet.  I realised that our much – flaunted rural uplift programmes had little actual impact on village life. Too weak and ignorant to raise a voice of protest, the villagers had resigned themselves to their fate. I remembered the lines from Grey chill penury repressed their noble rage And froze the genial current of their soul.

But  there were redeeming features- compensations. Here we were free from what Mathew Arnold calls “this strange disease of modern life” –the sick hurry, the hustle and bustle, and the tension and anxiety of city life. You did not have to make frantic efforts to catch the train or stand in a long queue to board a bus. You were not jammed in over-crowded suburban trains and jostled by milling crowds on railway platforms. There was no noise made by cars, lorries, and factories. Outside the village the air was pure and the landscape beautiful. Fields of wheat and paddy stretched endlessly enclosed on the horizon by green wavy hills. A river flows through the village and we spend our evenings on wide sandy bank, chatting or playing games. I felt refreshed by an intimate contact with nature.

The villagers-most them were farmers-were industrious, and fundamentally honest and religious. For all their lack of education and sophistication, they had a native shrewdness and wisdom and the traditional culture of India. Anyway, I felt the village with the conviction that rural development should be given the higher priority in India.

MENSURATION SSC 10 TH STANDARD

EX. NO. 6.5 

1. The radius of the base of a right circular cylinder is 3 cm and height is 7 cm. Find (i) curved surface area (ii) total surface area (iii) volume of the right circular cylinder.  [VIDEO]

2. The volume of a cylinder is 504 pi cu. cm. and height is 14 cm. Find its curved surface area and total surface area. Express answer in terms of pi. [VIDEO]

3. The radius and height of a cylinder are in the ratio 3:7 and its volume is 1584 cu. cm. Find its radius. [VIDEO]

4. Keeping the height same, how many times the radius of the given cylinder should be made to get the cylinder of double volume of the given cylinder? [VIDEO]

EX. NO. 6.6


1. The curved surface area of a cone is 4070 sq. cm. and its diameter is 70 cm. What is its slant height. [VIDEO]

MENSURATION FORMULAE

MENSURATION FORMULAE

MENSURATION FORMULA

MENSURATION SSC 6TH CHAPTER

MENSURATION FORMULA [VIDEO]


EX. NO. 6.5 

1. The radius of the base of a right circular cylinder is 3 cm and height is 7 cm. Find (i) curved surface area (ii) total surface area (iii) volume of the right circular cylinder.  [VIDEO]

2. The volume of a cylinder is 504 pi cu. cm. and height is 14 cm. Find its curved surface area and total surface area. Express answer in terms of pi. [VIDEO]

3. The radius and height of a cylinder are in the ratio 3:7 and its volume is 1584 cu. cm. Find its radius. [VIDEO]

4. Keeping the height same, how many times the radius of the given cylinder should be made to get the cylinder of double volume of the given cylinder? [VIDEO]


EX. NO. 6.6

1. The curved surface area of a cone is 4070 sq. cm. and its diameter is 70 cm. What is its slant height. [VIDEO]

MY IDEA OF HAPPINESS

MY IDEA OF HAPPINESS

Outline: Absolute happiness is impossible – happiness does not depend on wealth; yet adequate money is essential – interest in one’s work makes for happiness – physical health is an important factor – domestic and emotional life is a rich source of happiness – happiness is best attained by not thinking of it. 

From time immemorial happiness has been the eternal quest of human beings. Yet it has frequently proved to be an illusion, a mirage. It may be safely asserted that absolute happiness-freedom from pain, sorrow and disappointment is impossible in this world. Yet there is such a thing as happiness in the broad sense of the world.

Though all people seek happiness, they don’t seek the same thing, because their ideas of happiness are different. A rich man who goes about in an imported car and lives in a posh house is popularly supposed to be happy. As a matter of fact, the only thing certain about him is that he is comfortable whether he is happy or not depends on several other factors-on how he has acquired his wealth and how he uses it, on the state of his health and on his domestic and emotional life. In my opinion, to be happy one needn’t roll in wealth and luxury. Happiness is a state of mind and does not depend very much on material possessions and prestige symbols. Milton’s Satan has eloquently stated an essential factor of happiness.

‘The mind is its own place, and in itself,

Can make a Heaven of Hell, Hell of Heaven.’

However, it is impossible to lead a full life in the modern world without adequate money and moderate comforts and amenities. Poverty is one of the greatest and commonest enemies of happiness. If a man has to devote all his time and energy to keep the pot boiling, his mind and spirit will starve, and he will be miserable. I believe that sufficient money-not vast wealth or luxury-is essential to happiness.

If the work from which you get adequate money happens to be congenial to you, it will largely contribute to your happiness. A large part of a man’s waking life is devoted to his work, and few things can be more soul-killing than to be compelled to do, day after day, the work one dislikes. On the other hand, if you are genuinely interested in your work, it will be a source, not only of income, but of perpetual delight.

It is platitude worth repeating that one must be physically healthy and fit in order to be happy. Many rich men fall a prey to disease because of vicious habits like excessive drinking which their health enables them to indulge in. in Samuel Butler’s Erezuhon, a book describing his ideal world, those who fall ill are sent to prison, while those who commit crimes are sent to hospital. The idea is that neglect of health is a real crime which deserves punishment, while crime in the usual sense is committed by those who need mental and moral education.

Finally, an important source of happiness is one’s domestic and emotional life. However rich, powerful and famous a man can be, he cannot be called happy, if he is lonely, or if he is not happy married. Few things can contribute more to happiness than love, friendship, the laughter of children, and peace and harmony at home.

Having described my ideas of happiness, I must sound a note of warning. Those who think too much of happiness or constantly pursue it are likely to miss it. On the contrary, happiness is likely to be attained by those who are so busy doing their work and duty that they have no time to think of it.        

HOBBIES

Outline: Definition – the advantages of hobbies – examples of hobbies and the pleasures they give – hobbies not commonly cultivated in India.

Hobbies are pursuits we voluntarily take to in order to refresh and delight ourselves. They should be distinguished from the daily work we do in order to keep the pot boiling. What is one man’s profession may be another man’s hobby. Some cinema actors take to farming as a hobby, but , as we know, it is the occupation of the majority of villagers.

In this age of technology many middle class people, not to speak of the affluent, have a lot of leisure. One of the best ways of utilising it is to pursue a hobby. Those who cultivate hobbies never complain that life is dull and humdrum. They find inexhaustible interest and novelty in life. Full of zest and joy, they know not boredom and monotony. Absorbed in their favourite pursuits, they forget for the time being their professional worries and personal anxieties. They return to their daily work, relaxed and refreshed.

Stamp-collecting, coin-collecting, gardening, photography, painting, and reading are some of the well-known hobbies. One should choose one’s hobby in accordance with one’s temperament and interests. A philatelist alone knows the joy and thrill he feels when he stumbles upon a rare stamp. Gardening is a delightful hobby for those who are interested in it and who can afford it. How pleasant it is, after the day’s work, to potter about it one’s garden and stand amidst the lovely flowers and plants one has so lovingly reared! Photography too can be very exciting and rewarding. With the help of his camera the photographer captures for ever the objects, scenes and personalities that have enchanted him. They are thus saved from oblivion. Turning the pages of his album many years later, he may relive the exciting moments of his life and vividly see again the places and faces that had impressed him. Many people take to reading as a means of relaxation and recreation. Novels and stories transport them into a delightful world which is yet like our world. Reading not only pleases us but edifies us. 

Unfortunately, a large number of people in India have no hobbies. Many of them are too poor to pursue any hobby, much of their time and energy being consumed by the struggle for existence. Some of them devote all their time to the worship of what Ruskin called the Goddess of Getting On, while others while away their leisure hours gossiping or just doing nothing. But, as far as possible, everybody should try to have a hobby. It imparts zest to life and is a rich source of pleasure and relaxation. 

PLEASURES OF READING

Outline: The advantage of reading – the pleasures of reading novels; they carry us into a different world and enlarge our experience; suspense and our tendency to identify ourselves with the hero – other kinds of books are also delightful.

The advantages of reading are well known. Reading enables us to pass examinations and get jobs, and enhances our general ability and competence in any field of life. But the pleasures of reading are as important as its uses. In fact, books cannot be really useful unless they are first enjoyed.

There can be few more delightful ways of spending a holiday than reading a good novel. One source of pleasure afforded by novels is that they make us escape for a time from the drab, humdrum circumstances of our lives. Romantic novels, of course, transport us into an exciting world poles apart from our own. But even realistic novels bring us to contact with experiences different from our own. Our personal experience in real life is limited and much of it is commonplace. Reading fiction is delightful, partly because it indirectly provides us with several experiences for which we have no opportunities in actual life.

Another source of the pleasure of reading novels is suspense. A novel with a good plot makes us eager to know, from beginning to end, what is to happen next. It is because of this quality of suspense in some novels that we are unwilling to lay them aside till we have read them to the end. Again, as everybody knows, another reason why reading novels is pleasant is that we tend to identify ourselves with the hero or the central character, and experience his joys and sorrows for the time being. This mainly accounts for our pleasure in reading biographies. 

While fiction is usually considered to be a delightful form of reading, other kinds of writing too impart pleasure. Apart from plays which resemble fiction, books of travel and light essays are enjoyable. Poetry appeals to our feelings and sense of beauty. Reading even serious or heavy books-books on science or philosophy-is not without its joy for those who are interested in the subjects concerned. All knowledge is pleasure, and reading a book on the dullest or the most unpleasant subjects can be pleasurable, provided one is intensely interested in it.

தனது மரணத்தை உணர்ந்த நிலையில் கவிஞர் நா..முத்துக்குமார் தன் மகனுக்கு எழுதி இருக்கும் கடிதம்

“அன்புள்ள மகனுக்கு அப்பா எழுதுவது இது நான் உனக்கு எழுதும்முதல் கடிதம். இதைப்படித்துப்புரிந்து கொள்ளும் வயதில் நீ இல்லை.
மொழியின் விரல் பிடித்து நடக்கப்பழகிக்கொண்டு இருக்கிறாய்....
வயதின் பேராற்றாங்கரை உன்னையும் வாலிபத்தில் நிறுத்தும். சிறகு முளைத்த தேவதைகள் உன் கனவுகளை ஆசீ்ர்வாதிப்பார்கள். பெண் உடல் புதிராகும்.
என்தகப்பன் என்னிடமிருந்து ஒளித்து வைத்த ரகசியங்கள் அடங்கிய பெட்டியின் சாவியை நான் தேட முற்பட்டதைபோல நீயும் தேடத் தொடங்குவாய்.
பத்திரமாகவும் பக்குவமாகவும் இருக்க வேண்டிய பருவம் அது. உனக்கு த் தெரியாதது இல்லை. பார்த்து நடந்து கொள்.
நிறைய பயணப்படு. பயணங்களின் ஜன்னல்களே முதுகுக்கு ப்பின்னாலும் இரண்டு கண்களைத்திறக்கின்றன.
புத்தகங்களை நேசி.ஒரு புத்தகததை தொடுகிறபோது நீ ஓர் அனுபவத்தைத் தொடவாய்.உன் பாட்டனும் தகப்பனும் புத்தகங்களின் காட்டில் தொலைந்தவர்கள். உன் உதிரத்திலும் அந்த காகித நதி ஓடிக்கொண்டே இருக்கட்டும்.
கிடைத்த வேலையை விட பிடித்த வேலையைச்செய். இனிய இல்லறம் தொடங்கு. யாராவது கேட்டால்இல்லை எனினும் கடன் வாங்கியாவது உதவி செய். அதில் கிடைக்கும் ஆனந்தம் அலாதியானது.
உறவுகளிடம் நெருங்கியும் இரு.விலகியும் இரு. இந்த உலகில் எல்லா உறவுகளையும்விட மேன்மையானது நட்பு மட்டுமே.நல்ல நண்பர்களை ச்சேர்த்துக்கொள். உன் வாழ்க்கை நேராகும்.
இவையெல்லாம் என் தகப்பன் எனக்கு சொல்லாமல் சொன்னவை. நான் உனக்கு சொல்ல நினைத்து ச்சொல்பவை.
என் சந்தோஷமே நீ பிறந்த பிறகுதான் என் தகப்பனின் அன்பையும் அருமையையும் நான் அடிக்கடி உணர்கிறேன்.நாளை உனக்கொரு மகன் பிறக்கையில் என் அன்பையும் அருமையையும் நீ உணர்வாய்.
நாளைக்கும் நாளை நீ உன் பேரன் பேத்திகளுடன் ஏதோ ஒரு ஊரில் கொஞ்சி ப்பேசி விளையாடிக்கொண்டு இருக்கையில் என் ஞாபகம் வந்தால்,இந்தக் கடிதத்தை எடுத்துப்படித்துப்பார்.
உன் கண்களில்இருந்து உதிரும் கண்ணீர் த்துளியில் வாழ்ந்து கொண்டிருப்பேன் நான்.
இப்படிக்கு, 
உன் அப்பா
நா.முத்துக்குமார்

QUICK ACTION SAVED PRECIOUS LIFE

At first I ignored the alarm. It sounded like a fire alarm, such as the ones we used at the fire drill in our building. I had taken part in so many fire drills that when the real thing happened I mistook it for a drill in the hospital where my Dad was a patient. Then I saw the matron running in excitedly shouting “Fire”. The look on her face said it all.

Being fairly well built myself, without second thoughts, I just reached down and lifted my Dad who was asleep in bed and started walking towards the exit. By now the doctors and nurses were running here and there shouting orders. I saw some patients gallantly helping others and taking them to the exits. We started to file out. We were on the first floor and the fire seemed to have started on the second floor, we had to hurry. I held my father close to me. He was awake and realizing what had happened he smiled at me weakly. I returned the smile reassuringly.

As we reached the exit I heard the welcome sound of the Fire Brigade sirens. Soon a burly fireman walked in, and with crisp instructions had all of us moving as one body down the stairs. Once down, I saw my mother crying and pushing the police away in her efforts to enter the hospital. I called out to her and the moment she saw me. The sorrow that creased her lovely face turned to that of sheer joy.

An attendant of an ambulance standing close by, motioned to me and I helped my father on to a stretcher and into the ambulance. He was going to be taken to another hospital. My mum was a bundle of nerves as she realized that she had been on the brink of widowhood and back. When the ambulance moved off, she just leaned against me and sobbed and sobbed. I held her tightly to me and consoled her as best as I could. We then hired a taxi and followed the ambulance. 

THE INDEPENDENCE DAY

The 15^th of August 1947 is a red letter day in the history of India. On this day India achieved her independence after centuries of slavery, it was an historic event. India became free after a long struggle and countless sacrifices. The National Tri-colour flag was hoisted on the Red Fort. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru the Prime Minister of India, hoisted the National Flag in 1947. Since, then the 15^th of August has been celebrated as Independence Day every year.

The Independence Day is celebrated all over the country with great joy and pride. This day has a special significance for Delhi the capital of India. In Delhi it is celebrated in a big way. The Red Fort is the center of attraction. Elaborate arrangements are made for the flag hoisting ceremony. The main function starts at 7.30 a.m..

People in their thousands zero-in towards the Red Fort to witness the event of the year not only from  Delhi but from outside as well. School children gather in big numbers. Ministers, ambassadors and other foreign dignitaries also arrive. A running commentary of the programme is also telecast for the convenience of T.V viewers.

The Prime Minister unfurls the National Flag and as he does so, the National Anthem is sung by the school children. 21 gun shots are fired in honour of the solemn occasion. The Prime Minister, then addresses the National reminding the people of the great sacrifices made by the countless men and women to help win India her freedom. He exhorts the people to protect the freedom at all costs appealing to them to be united all the time.

It is my sincere belief that we the people of India should pledge to preserve our hard-won freedom every year on this auspicious day. we should also make up our minds to remain united and do everything within our power to make the country prosperous in all directions.