NAGAPATTINAM - Dt.
COMMON FIRST MID TERM TEST - JULY 2019
Question Paper with Solutions
1. Who said "Imperialism is the highest stage of Capitalism"?
2. ______ plains are formed by the New Alluviums.
3. The Indian Constitution gives to its citizens.
4. Which one sector has the highest employment in the GDP?
(Note: While the Agricultural sector employs the largest number of people, the Service sector has the highest contribution to the GDP. The question is slightly ambiguous, but the provided key indicates the Service sector.)
5. Pravda is a Russian word meaning ________.
6. ________ sector is the growth engine of Indian economy.
7. The constitution of India was adopted on ________.
| 8. Emden | - Khadhar |
| 9. Transvaal | - Assam |
| 10. Manas | - Versailles |
| 11. Biodiversity hotspot | - Brahmaputra |
| 12. Tsangpo | - Gold |
| - Madras | |
| - The Himalayas |
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| 8. Emden | Madras |
| 9. Transvaal | Gold |
| 10. Manas | Assam |
| 11. Biodiversity hotspot | The Himalayas |
| 12. Tsangpo | Brahmaputra |
13. Imperialism
- a) Monopoly Capitalism: Monopoly capitalism is a stage where industrial capitalists sought to control sources of raw materials like rubber, oil, nitrates, sugar, cotton, tropical foodstuffs, and minerals. This need to control resources inevitably led to imperialism.
- b) Japan's Emergence as an Imperial Power: With a modern army and navy, Japan emerged as an advanced industrialized power. In its imperialistic aggressions, Japan followed the European model, seeking to expand its influence and territory.
- c) Need for Colonies: Industrial countries in the nineteenth century needed colonies for two primary reasons: to secure a steady supply of raw materials for their factories and to find new markets for their finished manufactured goods.
- d) Contrasts of Capitalism: Capitalism produced stark contrasts in society: extreme poverty coexisted with extreme wealth, slums grew alongside skyscrapers, and powerful empire-states dominated dependent, exploited colonies.
14. Ho Chi Minh
- a) Birthplace: Ho Chi Minh was born in Tongking, in the northern part of Vietnam.
- b) Becoming a Nationalist: His articles in newspapers, and especially his influential pamphlet, French Colonialism on Trial, made him well known as a dedicated Vietnam nationalist.
- c) Revolutionary Youth Movement: After learning revolutionary techniques in Moscow, Ho Chi Minh founded the Revolutionary Youth Movement in 1925. After the peasant revolt he led was crushed in 1930, he went to Moscow again to regroup.
- d) League for Independence: The league for the Independence of Vietnam was called the Viet Minh.
15. Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers
| Himalayan Rivers | Peninsular Rivers |
|---|---|
| Found in North India and originate from the Himalayas. | Found in South India and most originate from the Western Ghats. |
| These are long and wide rivers. | These are relatively short and narrow rivers. |
| They are perennial rivers (flow throughout the year). | They are non-perennial/seasonal rivers (fed by monsoon rains). |
| Unsuitable for hydro power generation in the plains. | Suitable for hydro power generation. |
16. Weather and Climate
| Weather | Climate |
|---|---|
| The state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time. | The average weather conditions of a location over a long period (e.g., 30-35 years). |
| Refers to short-term conditions like heat, cloudiness, dryness, sunshine, wind, and rain. | Refers to the accumulation and pattern of daily and seasonal weather events. |
| Changes frequently, even within a day. | Is more stable and changes over decades or centuries. |
17. Himadri and Himachal
| Himadri (Greater Himalayas) | Himachal (Lesser Himalayas) |
|---|---|
| It is the northernmost and highest range of the Himalayas. | It is the range located south of the Himadri. |
| Almost all the lofty peaks of the Himalayas, like Mt. Everest and Kanchenjunga, are located here. | Important ranges like Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar, and Mahabharat are found here. |
| It receives lesser rainfall (mostly snow). | It receives heavy rainfall. |
| Famous glaciers like Gangotri and Siachen are in this range. | Famous hill stations like Shimla, Mussoorie, and Darjeeling are in this range. |
18. North east monsoon and South west monsoon
| North East Monsoon | South West Monsoon |
|---|---|
| Also known as the retreating monsoon, it blows from northeast to southwest. | This is the main rainy season; winds blow from southwest to northeast. |
| Occurs mainly from October to December. | Occurs mainly from June to September. |
| It is a drier monsoon for most of India, but brings heavy rainfall to the Coromandel coast (e.g., Tamil Nadu). | It is the most significant feature of the Indian climate, bringing heavy rainfall to most of the country. |
| Associated with the establishment of the north-easterly wind system over the subcontinent. | Its onset is a major event, and it is influenced by global phenomena like El Ni├▒o. |
HISTORY - ANY TWO (2x2=4)
19. Name the countries in the Triple Entente.
20. Who are the Boers? What is their language?
21. How did the Great Depression impact Indian Agriculture?
22. What are the objectives of the IMF?
GEOGRAPHY - ANY TWO (2x2=4)
23. Name the Rivers in Peninsular India.
24. Give the importance of IST.
25. What is meant by 'Normal lapse rate'?
26. Name the four distinct seasons of India.
- Winter Season (January - February)
- Pre-Monsoon or Summer (March - May)
- Southwest Monsoon or Rainy Season (June - September)
- Northeast Monsoon or Post-Monsoon (October - December)
CIVICS - ANY ONE (1x2=2)
27. What is meant by Citizenship?
28. What is a writ?
ECONOMICS - ANY ONE (1x2=2)
29. Write the importance of Gross Domestic Product.
- It helps in studying the economic growth of a country.
- It can indicate problems of inflation or deflation.
- It allows for comparison with the development of other countries.
- It helps in estimating the purchasing power of the people.
- It serves as a guide for economic planning and policy-making.
30. What are the factors supporting the development of the Indian Economy?
- A strong legal system and a large population of English-language speakers, which attracts foreign investment, especially in sectors like Information Technology.
- Relatively low wage costs and significant progress in improving productivity, which makes Indian industries more competitive globally.
31. a) Discuss the main causes of the First World War.
b) Explain the divisions of Northern mountains and their importance to India.
The First World War (1914-1918) was a global conflict with complex origins. The main causes can be summarized by the acronym M.A.I.N.:
- Militarism: This is the policy of building up a strong military to prepare for war. European nations engaged in a massive arms race in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Germany, in particular, expanded its navy, which was seen as a threat by Britain. The growing armies and advanced weaponry created an atmosphere of tension and fear.
- Alliances: A web of military alliances developed in Europe, dividing the continent into two rival camps. The Triple Alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. The opposing Triple Entente included France, Russia, and Great Britain. These alliances meant that a conflict between two nations could quickly escalate into a continent-wide war.
- Imperialism: This is when a country increases its power and wealth by bringing additional territories under its control. The European powers competed for colonies in Africa and Asia to secure raw materials and markets. This competition led to rivalries and clashes, such as the Moroccan Crises between Germany and France.
- Nationalism: Nationalism is an intense form of patriotism or loyalty to one's country. While it could unite people, it also caused intense competition and rivalry among nations. Furthermore, nationalist aspirations of subject peoples, such as the Slavs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, created instability in regions like the Balkans, which was known as the "powder keg of Europe".
The immediate cause was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary by a Serbian nationalist on June 28, 1914. This event triggered the alliance system, leading to a rapid declaration of war among the major European powers.
The Northern Mountains of India consist mainly of the mighty Himalayas. They can be divided into three main parallel ranges:
- The Greater Himalayas (Himadri): This is the highest and northernmost range, with an average height of 6,000 meters. It contains the world's highest peaks, including Mount Everest and Kanchenjunga. It is the source of great perennial rivers and is home to large glaciers like Gangotri and Siachen.
- The Lesser Himalayas (Himachal): Located south of the Himadri, this range has an average altitude of about 3,700 to 4,500 meters. It comprises important ranges like the Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar. It is famous for its beautiful hill stations such as Shimla, Mussoorie, and Nainital.
- The Outer Himalayas (Shiwaliks): This is the southernmost and lowest range, with an elevation varying from 900 to 1,100 meters. These ranges are made of unconsolidated sediments brought down by the rivers and are prone to erosion. The valleys between the Himachal and Shiwaliks are called 'Duns', such as Dehra Dun.
Importance of the Northern Mountains to India:
- Climatic Barrier: They act as a formidable barrier, protecting India from the cold winds of Central Asia and forcing the monsoon winds to shed their moisture over the subcontinent.
- Source of Perennial Rivers: The Himalayan glaciers feed great rivers like the Indus, Ganga, and Brahmaputra, ensuring a year-round water supply for irrigation, drinking, and power generation.
- Fertile Plains: The rivers originating from the Himalayas bring vast amounts of fertile alluvium, which has formed the vast and productive Northern Plains of India.
- Rich in Biodiversity: The Himalayas are a major biodiversity hotspot, with a rich variety of flora and fauna. They are also home to valuable forests.
- Natural Frontier: They form a natural defense barrier along India's northern border.
- Tourism and Pilgrimage: The scenic beauty of the Himalayas attracts tourists from all over the world, and many important pilgrimage sites like Amarnath and Kedarnath are located here.
32. a) Explain the salient features of the constitution of India.
b) What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product? and explain them.
The Constitution of India is a unique document with several prominent features:
- Lengthiest Written Constitution: It is the most detailed and longest written constitution in the world, originally containing a Preamble, 395 Articles, and 8 Schedules.
- Drawn from Various Sources: The framers of the constitution borrowed many features from the constitutions of other countries, such as the parliamentary system from the UK, Fundamental Rights from the USA, and Directive Principles from Ireland.
- Parliamentary Form of Government: India has a parliamentary system where the executive (Council of Ministers) is responsible to the legislature (Parliament). The President is the constitutional head, while the Prime Minister is the real executive head.
- Federal System with Unitary Bias: The constitution establishes a federal structure with a division of powers between the Centre and the States. However, it has strong unitary features, such as a single citizenship, a single integrated judiciary, and strong central control during emergencies.
- Fundamental Rights: Part III of the Constitution guarantees six fundamental rights to all citizens, which are justiciable (enforceable by courts). These include the Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, etc.
- Directive Principles of State Policy: Part IV contains guidelines for the state to follow in governance. Though non-justiciable, they are fundamental to the governance of the country and aim to establish a welfare state.
- Independent Judiciary: The constitution provides for an independent and integrated judicial system with the Supreme Court at its apex to protect the constitution and the rights of citizens.
- Universal Adult Franchise: Every citizen of India who is 18 years of age or older has the right to vote, irrespective of caste, creed, sex, religion, or race.
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total monetary value of all final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a specific time period. There are three primary methods to calculate it:
-
Production (or Value Added) Method:
This method calculates GDP by summing up the value of all final goods and services produced in different sectors of the economy (agriculture, industry, and services). To avoid double-counting, it sums the "value added" at each stage of production.
Formula: GDP = GVA (Gross Value Added) at basic prices + Product Taxes - Product Subsidies.
(GVA is the value of output minus the value of intermediate consumption). -
Income Method:
This method measures GDP by summing all the incomes earned by factors of production (land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship) within the country. This includes wages and salaries, rent, interest, and profits.
Formula: GDP = Wages + Rent + Interest + Profits + (Taxes on production and imports - Subsidies) + Depreciation.
-
Expenditure Method:
This method calculates GDP by summing up all the spending on final goods and services in the economy. It includes consumption by households, investment by businesses, government spending, and net exports.
Formula: GDP = C + I + G + (X - M)
Where:
C = Consumption Expenditure (by households)
I = Investment Expenditure (by businesses)
G = Government Expenditure
(X - M) = Net Exports (Exports minus Imports)
In theory, all three methods should yield the same result for GDP.
33. Draw a time line and mark any five First World War events.
- 1914: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary; First World War begins.
- 1915: Italy joins the Allied Powers after signing the secret Treaty of London.
- 1916: Major battles of attrition, the Battle of Verdun and the Battle of the Somme, are fought on the Western Front.
- 1917: The United States of America enters the war; The Russian Revolution leads to Russia's withdrawal from the war.
- 1918: The Central Powers collapse; The Armistice is signed on November 11, ending the First World War.
34. Mark the following on a map of India:
- Deccan Plateau
- Godwin Austen (K2)
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Kaveri River
- Thar Desert
(This section describes the locations to be marked on a map)
- i) Deccan Plateau: A large triangular plateau located in Southern and Western India, bounded by the Western Ghats on the west, the Eastern Ghats on the east, and the Satpura and Vindhya Ranges in the north.
- ii) Godwin Austen (K2): The second highest mountain in the world, located in the Karakoram Range on the border between Pakistan's Gilgit-Baltistan region and China's Xinjiang region. On a map of India, it is marked in the northernmost part of the territory.
- iii) Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A group of islands located at the juncture of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, to the southeast of the Indian mainland.
- iv) Kaveri River: A major river of southern India, originating in the Western Ghats in Karnataka and flowing through Tamil Nadu before emptying into the Bay of Bengal.
- v) Thar Desert: A large, arid region also known as the Great Indian Desert, located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, covering much of Rajasthan.