Metals
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Nonmetals
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1.
Physical state: - Under ordinary conditions of pressure and temperature, metals
are generally solid, except mercury and gallium which are liquids.
2.
Lustre: - Metals usually
have a high lustre called metallic lustre.
3.
Density: - Metals usually
have high density, except sodium and potassium.
4.
Ductility and
malleability: - Metals are ductile and malleable.
5. Brittleness: - Metals are usually hard, but not brittle, except
sodium, potassium, zinc and
lead.
6.
Conduction of heat and
electricity: - Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity.
7.
Electronic Configuration:
- The atoms of metals usually have less than four electrons in their
outermost orbits.
8.
Formation of ions: - The
property of metals to form positive ions (cations) by losing valence electrons
is called electropositive character.
9.
Reaction with dilute
acids: - Most of the metals react with mineral acids forming the
corresponding salts.
10.
Nature of oxides: - Both
metals and nonmetals combine with oxygen to form oxides. Mostly metals form
basic oxides. These oxides react with acids to form salt and water.
11.
Reactivity: - If the
number of electrons in the outermost orbit of the atom of a metal is less,
then the metal is more reactive.
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1.
Physical state: - Under ordinary temperature, nonmetals may be solid, liquid or
gaseous.
2.
Lustre: - Nonmetals lack
lustre, except carbon as diamond and iodine.
3.
Density: -Nonmetals have
low density
4.
Ductility and
Malleability: - Non metals are not ductile and malleable.
5.
Brittleness: - Nonmetals
are brittle in the solid state.
6.
Conduction of heat and
electricity: - Nonmetals are bad conductors of heat and electricity.
7.
Electronic configuration:
- The atoms of nonmetals usually have more than four electrons in their
outermost orbits.
8.
Formation of ions: - The
property of non metals to form negative ions (anions) by gaining electrons is
called electronegative character.
9.
Reaction with dilute
acids: - Nonmetals generally do not react with dilute mineral acids.
10.
Nature of oxides: - Both
metals and nonmetals combine with oxygen to form oxides. Mostly metals form
basic oxides. These oxides react with acids to form salt and water.
11.
Reactivity: - If the
number of electrons in the outermost orbit of the atom of a nonmetal is more,
then the nonmetal is more reactive.
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Distinguish between metals and nonmetals with respect to the following points.
Physical state,
Lustre, Density, Ductility and malleability Brittleness, conduction of heat and
electricity, Electronic configuration, Formation of ions, Reaction with dilute
acids, Nature of oxides, Reactivity.