📚 A Fresh Guide to English Grammar ✍️

⏰ Mastering English Tenses

Present Tense

1. Simple Present

For habits, facts, and regular actions.

She programs in Python. 💻
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. 🔥
We visit our grandparents every month.
The Earth revolves around the Sun. ☀️
He always drinks coffee in the morning.

2. Present Continuous

For actions happening right now.

The chef is preparing the sauce. 👨‍🍳
Listen! The birds are singing.
I am working on a new project.
They are renovating the house. 🏠

3. Present Perfect

For past actions with present results or relevance.

We have visited Paris twice. 🇫🇷
She has finished her homework.
I have lost my wallet. 😥
The company has launched a new product.

4. Present Perfect Continuous

For actions that started in the past and are still ongoing.

He has been practicing guitar for three hours. 🎸
It has been raining all day.
We have been waiting for you since noon.

Past Tense

1. Simple Past

The team won the championship last year. 🏆
She discovered a new species of butterfly. 🦋
They traveled to Japan in 2019.
I finished the book yesterday.

2. Past Continuous

I was driving when you called. 🚗
The children were laughing at the clown.
He was sleeping when the alarm rang.

3. Past Perfect

The train had already left when we arrived.
She had never seen a desert before her trip.
By the time I got home, he had cooked dinner.

4. Past Perfect Continuous

They had been playing tennis for two hours before it started to rain.
She had been studying for weeks before the final exam.

Future Tense

1. Simple Future

We will launch the new website tomorrow. 🚀
I shall see you at the meeting.
It will probably rain this afternoon. 🌧️

2. Future Continuous

This time next week, I will be relaxing on a beach. 🏖️
Don't call at 8 PM; I will be watching the finale.

3. Future Perfect

By 2030, scientists will have found a cure for the disease.
She will have finished her degree by next June. 🎓

4. Future Perfect Continuous

By next year, I will have been working here for a decade.
In June, they will have been living in that house for twenty years.

🛠️ Essential Grammar Transformations

I. Using "able to" / "unable to" 💪

A modern way to express ability or inability, replacing `can` and `could`.

1. He can solve the puzzle.

✅ He is able to solve the puzzle.

2. They could see the summit from the camp.

✅ They were able to see the summit from the camp.

3. I cannot lift this heavy box.

✅ I am unable to lift this heavy box.

4. The old car could not start.

✅ The old car was unable to start.

II. Rephrasing "too" ✂️

Transforming sentences with `too` to express cause and effect using `so...that`.

1. The coffee is too hot to drink.

✅ The coffee is so hot that I cannot drink it. ☕

2. He is too young to vote.

✅ He is so young that he cannot vote.

3. The movie was too boring to finish.

✅ The movie was so boring that we could not finish it.

4. You are too kind.

✅ You are very kind.

III. Words as Nouns & Verbs ✍️

Book: (n) I am reading a fascinating book. | (v) Please book a flight for me. ✈️
Water: (n) A glass of water, please. | (v) You need to water the plants. 🌱
Light: (n) The light is very bright. | (v) Light the candle. 🕯️
Dream: (n) I had a strange dream. | (v) I dream of traveling the world. 🌍
Watch: (n) He bought a new watch. | (v) We watch a movie every Friday.

↔️ Opposites with Prefixes & Suffixes

Polite ≠ impolite
Comfort ≠ discomfort
Honest ≠ dishonest
Patient ≠ impatient
Logical ≠ illogical
Visible ≠ invisible
Fortune ≠ misfortune
Behave ≠ misbehave
Hopeful ≠ hopeless
Meaningful ≠ meaningless
Powerful ≠ powerless
Thoughtful ≠ thoughtless

❓ Advanced Sentence Transformations

V. Affirmative & Negative Sentences 👍👎

1. She is always honest.

✅ She is never dishonest.

2. Everyone liked the performance.

✅ No one disliked the performance.

3. I will never forget your kindness.

✅ I will always remember your kindness.

VI. Question Tags

1. It's a beautiful day,

It's a beautiful day, isn't it? ☀️

2. You haven't seen my keys,

You haven't seen my keys, have you? 🔑

3. He works in the finance department,

He works in the finance department, doesn't he?

4. Let's start the project,

Let's start the project, shall we?

VII. Exclamatory & Assertive Sentences 😮

1. What a breathtaking view!

✅ The view is breathtaking.

2. The concert was incredibly loud.

✅ How loud the concert was!

3. How wonderfully she sings!

✅ She sings wonderfully.

VIII. Homophones 🗣️

Words that sound alike but have different meanings and spellings.

To / Too / Two
Their / There / They're
Your / You're
Its / It's
Break / Brake
Cell / Sell
Flour / Flower 🌸
Knight / Night 🌙
Sun / Son
Week / Weak

IX. Degrees of Comparison 📈

Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Bright	Brighter	Brightest
Heavy	Heavier	Heaviest
Famous	More famous	Most famous
Good	Better	Best
Bad	Worse	Worst
Far	Farther / Further	Farthest / Furthest

Changing Degrees in Sentences

1. Superlative: The cheetah is the fastest land animal.

Comparative: The cheetah is faster than any other land animal. 🐆
Positive: No other land animal is as fast as the cheetah.

2. Positive: Very few cities in the world are as large as Tokyo.

Superlative: Tokyo is one of the largest cities in the world.
Comparative: Tokyo is larger than most other cities in the world.

3. Comparative: Gold is more expensive than silver.

Positive: Silver is not as expensive as gold. 🪙

X. Change the Voice (Active & Passive) 🔄

The chef prepares the meal. → The meal is prepared by the chef.
A famous architect designed this building. 🏛️ → This building was designed by a famous architect.
The team will celebrate the victory. → The victory will be celebrated by the team.
The company has hired new employees. → New employees have been hired by the company.
Someone had stolen my bicycle. → My bicycle had been stolen.
The teacher is explaining the lesson. → The lesson is being explained by the teacher.
The cat was chasing the mouse. → The mouse was being chased by the cat. 🐭
You must complete the report by Friday. → The report must be completed by Friday.

XI. Model Auxiliaries & Figures of Speech 🎭

Model Auxiliaries

Can/Could: (Ability) She can speak five languages.
May/Might: (Permission/Possibility) You may leave now. It might rain.
Shall/Should: (Suggestion/Duty) You should see a doctor.
Will/Would: (Request/Intention) Would you please close the door?
Must: (Obligation) We must respect our elders.

Figures of Speech

Simile: (Comparison using 'as' or 'like') He is as brave as a lion.
Metaphor: (Direct comparison) Life is a journey.
Personification: (Giving human traits to objects) The old house groaned under the weight of the snow.
Hyperbole: (Exaggeration) This bag weighs a ton!
Onomatopoeia: (Sound words) The thunder boomed outside. ⛈️

English Grammar For Board Exam [New]