Auxiliary
verbs
A verb which helps another verb with respect to formation
of its tense, voice or specific meaning is known as an auxiliary verb.
Auxiliary verb are of two types: Primary Auxiliary Verbs
and Model Auxiliary Verbs.
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Primary
Auxiliary Verb
|
Functions
|
|
To
be: am, is are, was, were, shall, will, being, been
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Formation
of the progressive tense, passive voice.
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To
have: have, has, had,
|
Formation
of the perfect tense
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|
To
do: do, does, did
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Formation
of interrogation and negation, emphasis, request, invitation
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Examples:
1. They are enjoying themselves in the garden.
(Progressive tense)
2. The car was being repaired by the man. (Passive voice)
3. The computer has completed its task. (Perfect tense)
4. Do you know that? (Interrogation)
5. I did not buy any papers today. (Negation)
6. We did check all the cabin. (Emphasis)
7. Do come with me to the cinema. (Request)
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Model
Auxiliary Verb
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Function
|
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Can
|
Ability,
Informal permission, possibility
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Could
|
Ability,
Informal permission, possibility
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May
|
Formal
permission, possibility, expression of wish
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Might
|
Formal
permission, possibility
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Shall
|
Future
action, command, compulsion, formal request
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Will
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Future
action, determination, threat, promise intension, wish, invitation.
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Should
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Duty/
obligation, advice, condition approval.
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Would
|
Habitual
action, polite request, wish, refusal, determination, invitation.
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Must
|
Compulsion,
determination, duty/obligation.
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Ought
|
Moral
obligation, advice
|
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Dare
|
Courage
|
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Need
|
Necessity
|
|
Have
to
|
Compulsory
obligation
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Examples
to understand.
1. I can study well in quite hall. ability
2. Can I see your beautiful eyes. Informal permission.
3. He could not survive in such a critical situation.
inability
4. Could I have this letter typed? Polite request.
5. You may enter the room. Formal permission.
6. I may go to Pune next week. Possibility
7. I might rain this evening. Probability
8. We shall watch a film this evening. Future action.
9. Shall i get you a cup of tea? Informal request.
10. You shall not leave until I permit you to do so.
Command.
11. You must remain silent. Compulsion.
12. We ought to respect our senior citizens.
Duty/obligation.
13. He dared to face the consequences. Courage.
14. She needs to fill in this form. Necessity.
15. My father has to go to office on Sundays too. Compulsive
obligation.
16. You shouldn't talk so impolitely. Obligation.
17. Would you care for a continental meal? Formal
request.
18. Ajith would go out jogging every morning. Habitual
request.
19. The students would not admit their fault.
Determination/ refusal
20. Father would like a cup of coffee. Formal request.
Identify
the auxiliary verb and state its functions:
1.I don’t know
exactly how much it costs.
2. we’ ll settle up when you get back.
3. But I couldn’t find it.
4. Parking was prohibited.
5. It was not commercially economic to grow it.
6. It will produce certain volatile oils.
7. He had to consult many
scholars.
8. She dose not give up easily even when the odds are
against her.
9. She would do well
to practise a little more.
10. India has committed itself to reducing its carbon emissions by 20-25 per
cent by 2020.
11. Power shortages
could be the single biggest factor to derail the country from its high- growth trajectory.
12. Solar water heaters
can save enough electricity to
pay back for their cost in three to five years.
13. The government has launched the Renewable Energy Certificate (REC ) mechanism.
14.We had to borrow from a lady, who was a housemaid in
Chaupati in Mumbai.
15.Few people realize that the application of these well
tried methods can revolutionize more new departments of human life.
16.Before an idea or opinion can be accepted as truth, it
must satisfy certain conditions.
17.It must be rational.
18.The idea or belief must be consistent with the
knowledge already acquired.
19.Can faith take the place of reason, knowledge, hard
work or right conduct in daily life.
20.Can you please take her home ?
21.Europe has forgotten it, whereas India still uses it.
22.It would not be as tasty.
23.Politicians dont really catch my attention.
24.I dont think it is a correct work ethic.
25.This however , does not last long and cannot be
considered as mehendi in its true sense.
Answers
1.don’t - to form
negation
2.will settle – to
from the tense
3.Couldn’t – to show no possibility
4.was - to form
the tense
5.was – to form the tense
6.will – to form the tense
7.had to – to show
compulsive obligation
8.dose not – to from negation
9.would – to show possibility
10.has committed –to from the tense
11.could – to show possibility
12.can –to ability
13.has launched –
to form the tense
14.had to – to show compulsive obligation
15.can – to show possibility
16.can be –to show possibility
Must – to
show compulsion
17.must – to show compulsion
18.must – to show compulsion
19.can – to show ability
20.can – to show ability
21.has – form the tense
22.would – to show possibility
23.don’t – to form negation
24.don’t – to form negation
25.dose not – to form negation
Cannot – to show inability
